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RMRH2MC5–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 6 — the stems and branches, and grows in loose wide mats. Its spores mature much later, July-September. Drummondia has the general appearance of an Orthotrichum with an exserted capsule, but it grows on trees only. O. PoRTERi Aust. and O. Lescurii Aust. are our only other rock- inhabiting forms, at least the only ones at all likely to be met with. They have usually been treated as varieties of O. cupulatum Hoffm., but both Dr.. Plate II.—Orthotricum anomalum (Bry. Eur. PI. 210). Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5—Leaves; x and indicate where
RMRE0PHT–. Elementary botany. Botany. 72 PHYSIOLOGY. 169. Frullania.—In fig. 60 is shown another liverwort, which differs greatly in form from the ones we have just been studying in that there is a well-defined axis with lateral leaf-like outgrowths. Such liverworts are called foliose liverworts. Besides these two quite prominent rows of leaves there is a third row of poorly developed leaves on the under surface. Also from the under surface of the axis we see here and there slender out- growths, the rh i z o i d s, through which much of the liquid is. Please note that these images are extracted from sc
RMRE1N8M–. Elementary botany. Botany. CHAPTER XLVI. FURTHER STUDIES ON NUTRITION. 593. In our former studies on nutrition we found that such plants as the corn, pea, bean, etc., obtain their liquid food through the medium of root hairs. The liverworts and mosses oljtain theirs largely through similar outgrowths, the rhizoids, while a majority of the algse, being bathed on all sides by water, absorb liquid food through any part of the surface. We shall find it instructive to study some of the different ways in which diverse plants obtain their liquid food. 594. Nutrition in lemna.—A water plant is illus
RMRH932E–. Botany for high schools. Botany. LIVERWORTS near the apex, which protect the growing point. The plant is dioeceous (or heterothallicy see paragraph 407), some of. Fig. 281. Marchantia plant with cupules and gemmre; rhizoids below. them being male and others female. The plant propagates asexually by brood buds developed in little cups with a fringed edge, formed on separate plants (fig. 281). Each of these buds is a miniature thallus of Marchantia, with a growing point in a notch at two opposite points in the flattened nearly circular bud.. Please note that these images are extracted from sca
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 82 -. Type locality: ^'Algeri" "sui rami." Fig. I. Distribution of R. Duriaei. Original description: "R. caespitosa, thallo foli- aceo, chartaceo, fiaccido, venoso-rugoso, areolatove, opaco, dilute glauco vel fulvo-Iutescente, varie laciniato, segmentis cuneato-dilatatis, irregularibusve, polymor- phis, margine lacero-fimbriatis, fimbriis dentiformibus vel elongatis, pinnatim digitatimve dispositis, difformibusque, facie, margine hinc inde, vel plerumque apice epidermide secedente albo-maculatis, vix vero pu Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2NN9/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-82-type-locality-algeriquot-quotsui-ramiquot-fig-i-distribution-of-r-duriaei-original-description-quotr-caespitosa-thallo-foli-aceo-chartaceo-fiaccido-venoso-rugoso-areolatove-opaco-dilute-glauco-vel-fulvo-iutescente-varie-laciniato-segmentis-cuneato-dilatatis-irregularibusve-polymor-phis-margine-lacero-fimbriatis-fimbriis-dentiformibus-vel-elongatis-pinnatim-digitatimve-dispositis-difformibusque-facie-margine-hinc-inde-vel-plerumque-apice-epidermide-secedente-albo-maculatis-vix-vero-pu-RH2NN9.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 82 -. Type locality: ^'Algeri" "sui rami." Fig. I. Distribution of R. Duriaei. Original description: "R. caespitosa, thallo foli- aceo, chartaceo, fiaccido, venoso-rugoso, areolatove, opaco, dilute glauco vel fulvo-Iutescente, varie laciniato, segmentis cuneato-dilatatis, irregularibusve, polymor- phis, margine lacero-fimbriatis, fimbriis dentiformibus vel elongatis, pinnatim digitatimve dispositis, difformibusque, facie, margine hinc inde, vel plerumque apice epidermide secedente albo-maculatis, vix vero pu Stock Photo")
RMRH2NN9–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 82 -. Type locality: ^'Algeri" "sui rami." Fig. I. Distribution of R. Duriaei. Original description: "R. caespitosa, thallo foli- aceo, chartaceo, fiaccido, venoso-rugoso, areolatove, opaco, dilute glauco vel fulvo-Iutescente, varie laciniato, segmentis cuneato-dilatatis, irregularibusve, polymor- phis, margine lacero-fimbriatis, fimbriis dentiformibus vel elongatis, pinnatim digitatimve dispositis, difformibusque, facie, margine hinc inde, vel plerumque apice epidermide secedente albo-maculatis, vix vero pu
RMRDW9M0–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 344 BOTANY. 447.—The leaves, when present, are usually in two rows (distichous), and are either opposite or alternate ; they are entire, serrate, or even lobed. There is frequently a third row of leaves (called amphigastria) on the under side of the stem. 448.—Most Liverworts are small in size, ranging from a few millimetres to several centimetres in length. They grow for the most part in moist places, upon the ground, or upon rocks, or the bark of trees. All are chlorophyll-bear-. Fig. ^ISd.—Marchavtia polymorpha. A, young thallus. B, an older t
RMRH2MMF–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 57 — and decaying at the base. The stems lie close on one another and are freely provided with tufts of rhizoids along the under surface. The leaves also form rhizoids from the base of the costa, as shown in Fig. 2. The bed of moss was dirty, being well filled with sand from the disintegrating rock and inwashing by rains of finer material from the soil above. The shoots are thus furnished with a soil in which to root without a change of place, but as their hold on the parent stem is slight, when grown to the size shown in Figs.
RMRD2HD7–. Elementary botany. Botany. FOLIOSE LIVERWORTS, 155 There is so much moisture in these little pockets of the under side of the leaf that minute animals have found them good places to live in, and one frequently discovers them in this retreat. There is here also a third row of poorly developed leaves on the under side of the stem. 330. Porella.—Growing in similar situations is the plant known as porella. Sometimes there are a lew plant- SH^ in a group, and at other times lar^e mat- ^f {: ¥^^ occur on the bark of a trunk. This plant. ^^^.W porella. also has closely overlapping leave- in rows
RMRDWCR6–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 418 BRYOPHYTES (MOSS PLANTS) spongy tissues cannot occur and are not needed until leaves be- come more than one cell in thickness. The stem is also quite simple in structure, and is not dif- ferentiated into the tissues which characterize the stems of higher plants. The sporophyte is commonly much larger than that of the Liverworts a. FiG.372.—Thegame- tophyte of a Moss, con- sisting of stem- fs) and leaf-Uke structures (Z), and rhizoids (r) which attach it to the sub- stratum. X about 2. %. Fig. 373. — The two generations of Moss, g, gametophy
RMRH27XY–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate IX.—Trichodon borealis (i) Capsule, X50- (2) Part of base of lid, X270. (3) Portion of the peristome, X270.—(After R. S. Williams.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis,
RMRDYFNM–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. BRYOPHYTES III istic of the swampy regions of higher latitudes, where they often fill up bogs and form peat, whence they are often called peat mosses. Gametophyte. — The gametophyte begins as a filament (fig. 242), and then by means of an apical cell with two cutting faces develops as a simple fiat thallus with rhizoids (fig. 243), just as in the simpler liverworts. The moss character appears in the development from this liverwort- like thallus of an upright leafy branch (fig. 243). This radial leafy branch, from a dorsiventral b
RMRH9339–. Botany for high schools. Botany. LIVERWORTS woris make up a class of low, flowerless plants standing above the slgx and fungi. They all possess chlorophyll. In many of them the plant body is flattened and leaf-like, more or less rounded in some, or strap-shaped in others, and lobed or forked in various ways. These lobed forms suggested the name liverwort which has been adopted as the name of the class, with the technical name, Class HepaticcB. This plant body is a thallus, sl word applied to those low plant forms which are not divided into a true stem, leaf and root.* They are attached to th
RMRH93HG–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 344 BOTANY. 447.—The leaves, when present, are usually in two rows (distichous), and are either opposite or alternate ; they are entire, serrate, or even lobed. There is frequently a third row of leaves (called amjphigastria) on the under side of the stem. 448.—Most Liverworts are small in size, ranging from a few millimetres to several centimetres in length. They grow for the most part in moist places, upon the ground, or upon rocks, or the bark of trees. All are chlorophyll-bear-. Fig. 2S0.—Marchantia polymorpha. A, young thallus. B, an older t
RMRH2MEF–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate VIII.-PSILOPILUn TSCHUCTSCHICUn, C. M. (Explanation of Plate.) 2. Two plants slightly enlarged. (Nat. size 1.6 to 2 cm., including seta and capsule).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological S
RMRE2J96–. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. Fio. 425.—Asea- weed with broad, ex- panded thallus. Beginning with the simplest forms, cryptogams are grouped in three great orders : — 333. I. Thallophytes, or thallus plants.—This group takes its name from the thallus structure that characterizes its vegetation. In its typical form, a thallus is a more or less flat, expanded body, of which the lichens .and liverworts offer familiar ex- amples among land plants, and the kelps and laminarias among seaweeds. It may be of a
RMRH2NXY–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST Vol. XIX March, 1916 No. 2 HOW TO KNOW THE MOSSES WITHOUT THE AID OF A LENS' Elizabeth Marie Dunham A. Key to Separate the Mosses from Hepatics and Lichens without the aid of a lens. Since hepatics and lichens are sometimes collected for mosses, the following key will be helpful when there is doubt as to what are mosses. Plants growing flat, without stem or leaves. Usually dark green Thallose Hepatics—-Marchantiales. The plant-body of some Marchantiales is like a broad flat leaf, sorhe- times elongated, often with
RMRH2NPH–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -87- NOTES ON FISSIDENS I. Difficulties in Determining the Oldest Species Elizabeth G. Britton. The cut given above is taken from the title-page of Hedwig's Species Mus- corum, published after his death, by Schwaegrichen at Leipzig in 1801. Several interesting facts may be noted, first that it is a simple microscope, second that the object appears to be dry, without slide or cover glass, and furthermore the plant was evidently not much dissected. These Hmitations, will explain why even 'Hhe father of bryology' may have occasional
RMRDHFXC–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE OREAT fiKOUPS |-)F RKYorilYTES n9 Mosses, wliich arc sometimes called the Hryum forms, to distinguish them from the Hphafjiiuia forms. They are the representative Bryophytes, the only group vying with them l)eiiig the leafy Liverworts, or Junger- munnia forms. They grow in all conditions of moisture, from actual submergence in water to dry rocks, and they also form extensive peat de- jiosits in bogs. The sporogonium has a foot and usually a long slender seta, but the cap- sule is especially com- plex. When the lid-like operculum falls off, the
RMRD3T0M–. Elementary botany. Botany. CHAPTER XLVI. FURTHER STUDIES ON NUTRITION. 593. In our former studies on nutrition we found that such plants as the corn, pea, bean, etc., obtain their liquid food through the medium of root hairs. The liverworts and mosses obtain theirs largely through similar outgrowths, the rhizoids, while a majority of the algae, being bathed on all sides by water, absorb liquid food through any part of the surface. We will find it instructive to study some of the different ways in which diverse plants obtain their liquid food. 594. Nutrition in lemna.—A water plant is illustr
RMRDTWAM–. British plants; their biology and ecology. Botany; Botany; Plant ecology. WOODLANDS 267 phytes, apart from a few ferns {e.g., Polypodium vulgare), mosses, liverworts, and lichens, are mostly accidental. Lianes, or woody climbers, which form such a character- istic feature of tropical forests, are merely represented in our woods by the honeysuckle, ivy, and clematis. Many of our forest-trees, living in soil rich in humus, are partial saprophytes, their roots being clothed with a mycorhizal fungus instead of root-hairs (see p. 124). Natural and Artificial Woods. These islands were once far mor
RMRE2FXD–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. LIFE HISTORY OF A LIVERWORT 217 to tide over periods of drought. Tubers in liverworts were first discovered and recognized in a species of Anthoceros. At least two species (Fossomhronia tuberifera and An- thoceros tuherosus) received their specific names from their. Fig. 162.—Anthoceros phytnatodes. Portion of thallus showing develop- ing tubers. X about 15. (After M. A. Howe.) characteristic of forming tubers. In some species the tubers appear as swellings or outgrowths on the under- side of the thallus; in others (Figs. 162 and 163) as en- largements of the
![. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 47 ing the whole of the outer region occupied by a distinct mass of mechanical tissue for stiffening the stem, and, near the center, a strand known as " conducting tissue," which may act as a line of transfer for water or food.. Fig. 42.-/4, gametophyte of Polytrichutn commune^ with rhizoids below. B, gameto- phyte of Hylocomium sphndens, bearing three sporophytes near top. Natural size. —^After Kemer. 57. The leaves are also more highly developed than in liverworts. They are alway Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHBNH/outlines-of-plant-life-with-special-reference-to-form-and-function-botany-liverworts-and-mosses-47-ing-the-whole-of-the-outer-region-occupied-by-a-distinct-mass-of-mechanical-tissue-for-stiffening-the-stem-and-near-the-center-a-strand-known-as-quot-conducting-tissuequot-which-may-act-as-a-line-of-transfer-for-water-or-food-fig-42-4-gametophyte-of-polytrichutn-commune-with-rhizoids-below-b-gameto-phyte-of-hylocomium-sphndens-bearing-three-sporophytes-near-top-natural-size-after-kemer-57-the-leaves-are-also-more-highly-developed-than-in-liverworts-they-are-alway-RDHBNH.jpg ". Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 47 ing the whole of the outer region occupied by a distinct mass of mechanical tissue for stiffening the stem, and, near the center, a strand known as " conducting tissue," which may act as a line of transfer for water or food.. Fig. 42.-/4, gametophyte of Polytrichutn commune^ with rhizoids below. B, gameto- phyte of Hylocomium sphndens, bearing three sporophytes near top. Natural size. —^After Kemer. 57. The leaves are also more highly developed than in liverworts. They are alway Stock Photo")
RMRDHBNH–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 47 ing the whole of the outer region occupied by a distinct mass of mechanical tissue for stiffening the stem, and, near the center, a strand known as " conducting tissue," which may act as a line of transfer for water or food.. Fig. 42.-/4, gametophyte of Polytrichutn commune^ with rhizoids below. B, gameto- phyte of Hylocomium sphndens, bearing three sporophytes near top. Natural size. —^After Kemer. 57. The leaves are also more highly developed than in liverworts. They are alway
RMRDWPFX–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. STRUCTURE OF LIVERWORTS 271 often mainly from the region of the midrib ; these rhizoids also function as organs of attachment. The underside of the thallus, in many Liverworts, also bears one or more rows of fiat overlapping scales (Fig. 149, s.), which are one cell thick, and not uncommonly purphsh in colour. Some forms {e.g. Marchantia) exhibit, m the axils of these scales,. XI5 Fig. 147.—A leafy Liverwort (Cephalozia bicuspidata). A, Portion of a plant. B, Sporogonium showing capsule (c.) before dehiscence
RMRE9N1X–. Contributions from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory. Plants. 238 Nichols: The vegetation of Connecticut rock face or maintain a foothold in crevices, but higher up the sides are usually forested. There are, of course, all sorts and sizes of ravines. In the remarks on the nature of ravine vegetation which follow, the. Fig. 2. Precipitous rocky slopes along stream in Sage's Ravine, Salisbury. The cliffs in the foreground are covered with mosses and liverworts. writer has in mind a number of unusually good examples, such as Sage's Ravine and the Wolf Den in Salisbury, the Glen along Spruce Brook
RMRE2J9B–. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. CRYPTOGAMS 297. Fio. 425.—Asea- weed with broad, ex- panded thallus. Beginning with the simplest forms, cryptogams are grouped in three great orders : — 333. I. Thallophytes, or thallus plants.—This group takes its name from the thallus structure that characterizes its vegetation. In its typical form, a thallus is a more or less flat, expanded body, of which the lichens .and liverworts offer familiar ex- amples among land plants, and the kelps and laminarias among seaweeds
RMRDYB5Y–. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 51 expanded in a horizontal plane, though sometimes much crisped. The simpler ones consist of several layers of uniform cells* {B, fig. 57). 57. The dorsiventral thallus.—In other forms there is a more decided difference between the upper and under sides of the thallus. The upper cells contain chloroplasts, while the under ones have none or very few. In the Mar- chantia family there are large air-chambers in the upper part of the thallus, from the floor of which arise filaments or ca
![. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 117 (Fig. 30, A, a) is composed mainly of a spongy green tissue which is also present in the upper part of the capsule, surrounding the large air-spaces between the sporogenous tissue and the outer part of the capsule. This green tissue recalls the " mesophyll " or sjDongy green tissue in the leaves of the higher plants, and like the mesophyll communicates with the outside atmos- phere by stomata. In a few cases, this basal part of the capsule (apophysis) is a very much enlarged spe- cial organ, comparable p Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX3Y7/lectures-on-the-evolution-of-plants-botany-plants-mosses-and-liverworts-117-fig-30-a-a-is-composed-mainly-of-a-spongy-green-tissue-which-is-also-present-in-the-upper-part-of-the-capsule-surrounding-the-large-air-spaces-between-the-sporogenous-tissue-and-the-outer-part-of-the-capsule-this-green-tissue-recalls-the-quot-mesophyll-quot-or-sjdongy-green-tissue-in-the-leaves-of-the-higher-plants-and-like-the-mesophyll-communicates-with-the-outside-atmos-phere-by-stomata-in-a-few-cases-this-basal-part-of-the-capsule-apophysis-is-a-very-much-enlarged-spe-cial-organ-comparable-p-RDX3Y7.jpg ". Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 117 (Fig. 30, A, a) is composed mainly of a spongy green tissue which is also present in the upper part of the capsule, surrounding the large air-spaces between the sporogenous tissue and the outer part of the capsule. This green tissue recalls the " mesophyll " or sjDongy green tissue in the leaves of the higher plants, and like the mesophyll communicates with the outside atmos- phere by stomata. In a few cases, this basal part of the capsule (apophysis) is a very much enlarged spe- cial organ, comparable p Stock Photo")
RMRDX3Y7–. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 117 (Fig. 30, A, a) is composed mainly of a spongy green tissue which is also present in the upper part of the capsule, surrounding the large air-spaces between the sporogenous tissue and the outer part of the capsule. This green tissue recalls the " mesophyll " or sjDongy green tissue in the leaves of the higher plants, and like the mesophyll communicates with the outside atmos- phere by stomata. In a few cases, this basal part of the capsule (apophysis) is a very much enlarged spe- cial organ, comparable p
![. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE GREAT GROUPS OF BKYOPHYTES 315 organized into a central stem-like axis bearing two rows of small, often crowded leaves. In consequence of this such. Jit ngerman n ia forms are usually called " leafy liverworts," to distin- guish them from the other Liverworts, which are " thallose." They are also often called " scale mosses," on account of their moss-like appear- ance and their small scale-like leaves. 205. Anthoceros forms. —This line contains com- paratively few forms, but they are of great interest, as they are Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1J8H/plant-studies-an-elementary-botany-botany-the-great-groups-of-bkyophytes-315-organized-into-a-central-stem-like-axis-bearing-two-rows-of-small-often-crowded-leaves-in-consequence-of-this-such-jit-ngerman-n-ia-forms-are-usually-called-quot-leafy-liverwortsquot-to-distin-guish-them-from-the-other-liverworts-which-are-quot-thallosequot-they-are-also-often-called-quot-scale-mossesquot-on-account-of-their-moss-like-appear-ance-and-their-small-scale-like-leaves-205-anthoceros-forms-this-line-contains-com-paratively-few-forms-but-they-are-of-great-interest-as-they-are-RE1J8H.jpg ". Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE GREAT GROUPS OF BKYOPHYTES 315 organized into a central stem-like axis bearing two rows of small, often crowded leaves. In consequence of this such. Jit ngerman n ia forms are usually called " leafy liverworts," to distin- guish them from the other Liverworts, which are " thallose." They are also often called " scale mosses," on account of their moss-like appear- ance and their small scale-like leaves. 205. Anthoceros forms. —This line contains com- paratively few forms, but they are of great interest, as they are Stock Photo")
RMRE1J8H–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE GREAT GROUPS OF BKYOPHYTES 315 organized into a central stem-like axis bearing two rows of small, often crowded leaves. In consequence of this such. Jit ngerman n ia forms are usually called " leafy liverworts," to distin- guish them from the other Liverworts, which are " thallose." They are also often called " scale mosses," on account of their moss-like appear- ance and their small scale-like leaves. 205. Anthoceros forms. —This line contains com- paratively few forms, but they are of great interest, as they are
![. The essentials of botany. Botany. BRT0PH7TA. 209 385. The asexual reproduction of Liverworts takes place by means of peculiar bodies, the brood-cells or brood-masses ("gemmffi"), so frequently to be seen in the common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). In the latter plant they are little stalked masses of cells in small cups 4 to 6 millimetres (^ inch) in diameter {B and 0, Fig. 131). They are in reality hairs (trichomes) whose upper cells have repeatedly divided so as to form flattish masses. When these fall ofE, they grow directly into new plants. 386. The antherids of Liverworts Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDYBMG/the-essentials-of-botany-botany-brt0ph7ta-209-385-the-asexual-reproduction-of-liverworts-takes-place-by-means-of-peculiar-bodies-the-brood-cells-or-brood-masses-quotgemmffiquot-so-frequently-to-be-seen-in-the-common-liverwort-marchantia-polymorpha-in-the-latter-plant-they-are-little-stalked-masses-of-cells-in-small-cups-4-to-6-millimetres-inch-in-diameter-b-and-0-fig-131-they-are-in-reality-hairs-trichomes-whose-upper-cells-have-repeatedly-divided-so-as-to-form-flattish-masses-when-these-fall-ofe-they-grow-directly-into-new-plants-386-the-antherids-of-liverworts-RDYBMG.jpg ". The essentials of botany. Botany. BRT0PH7TA. 209 385. The asexual reproduction of Liverworts takes place by means of peculiar bodies, the brood-cells or brood-masses ("gemmffi"), so frequently to be seen in the common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). In the latter plant they are little stalked masses of cells in small cups 4 to 6 millimetres (^ inch) in diameter {B and 0, Fig. 131). They are in reality hairs (trichomes) whose upper cells have repeatedly divided so as to form flattish masses. When these fall ofE, they grow directly into new plants. 386. The antherids of Liverworts Stock Photo")
RMRDYBMG–. The essentials of botany. Botany. BRT0PH7TA. 209 385. The asexual reproduction of Liverworts takes place by means of peculiar bodies, the brood-cells or brood-masses ("gemmffi"), so frequently to be seen in the common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). In the latter plant they are little stalked masses of cells in small cups 4 to 6 millimetres (^ inch) in diameter {B and 0, Fig. 131). They are in reality hairs (trichomes) whose upper cells have repeatedly divided so as to form flattish masses. When these fall ofE, they grow directly into new plants. 386. The antherids of Liverworts
RMRH2N99–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Explanation of Plate XX (Photographed natural size from specimens in the writer's herbarium) Fig. I. Parmeliopsis placorodia (Ach.) Nyl. Fig. 2. Parmeliopsis aleiirites (Ach.) Nyl. Fig. 3. Parmeliopsis aleurites var. diffusa (Ach.) Riddle. Fig. 4. Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulf.) Nyl. Fig. 5. Parmeliopsis diffusa (Weber) Riddle.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the or
![. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. except for their color, met with everywhere on wet rocks and banks around shady water courses. Mosses are one of the best de- fined of botanical orders, and are too well known to need further specification here. Bryophytes form a connect- ing link, or rath- 475. — Scapania, a liverwort gj- g. chain of with leafy thallus, approaching . the form of mosses and lyco- Connecting links podiums (from COULTER'S between the next " Plant Structures "). group, pterido- phytes, and thallophytes. The liverworts represent the Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE292J/botany-all-the-year-round-a-practical-text-book-for-schools-botany-except-for-their-color-met-with-everywhere-on-wet-rocks-and-banks-around-shady-water-courses-mosses-are-one-of-the-best-de-fined-of-botanical-orders-and-are-too-well-known-to-need-further-specification-here-bryophytes-form-a-connect-ing-link-or-rath-475-scapania-a-liverwort-gj-g-chain-of-with-leafy-thallus-approaching-the-form-of-mosses-and-lyco-connecting-links-podiums-from-coulters-between-the-next-quot-plant-structures-quot-group-pterido-phytes-and-thallophytes-the-liverworts-represent-the-RE292J.jpg ". Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. except for their color, met with everywhere on wet rocks and banks around shady water courses. Mosses are one of the best de- fined of botanical orders, and are too well known to need further specification here. Bryophytes form a connect- ing link, or rath- 475. — Scapania, a liverwort gj- g. chain of with leafy thallus, approaching . the form of mosses and lyco- Connecting links podiums (from COULTER'S between the next " Plant Structures "). group, pterido- phytes, and thallophytes. The liverworts represent the Stock Photo")
RMRE292J–. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. except for their color, met with everywhere on wet rocks and banks around shady water courses. Mosses are one of the best de- fined of botanical orders, and are too well known to need further specification here. Bryophytes form a connect- ing link, or rath- 475. — Scapania, a liverwort gj- g. chain of with leafy thallus, approaching . the form of mosses and lyco- Connecting links podiums (from COULTER'S between the next " Plant Structures "). group, pterido- phytes, and thallophytes. The liverworts represent the
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. number of flagelliform small-leaved branches as to cause the plant to ap- pear deformed. Leaves of secondary stems slightly secund, ovate- lanceolate, somewhat de- current, very long and slenderly acuminate, en" tire, plicate with several folds. Seta about 8mm. long; capsule exserted; annulus present: teeth entire or split toward the base. Very rarely fruit- ing. Easily distinguished from L. julaceus by the different shape of its leaves. It fruits so rarely a,-Plant of Leucodon brachypus X /. b,-Leaf ^^^^ ^'^ differen- of Le Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2N29/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-number-of-flagelliform-small-leaved-branches-as-to-cause-the-plant-to-ap-pear-deformed-leaves-of-secondary-stems-slightly-secund-ovate-lanceolate-somewhat-de-current-very-long-and-slenderly-acuminate-enquot-tire-plicate-with-several-folds-seta-about-8mm-long-capsule-exserted-annulus-present-teeth-entire-or-split-toward-the-base-very-rarely-fruit-ing-easily-distinguished-from-l-julaceus-by-the-different-shape-of-its-leaves-it-fruits-so-rarely-a-plant-of-leucodon-brachypus-x-b-leaf-differen-of-le-RH2N29.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. number of flagelliform small-leaved branches as to cause the plant to ap- pear deformed. Leaves of secondary stems slightly secund, ovate- lanceolate, somewhat de- current, very long and slenderly acuminate, en" tire, plicate with several folds. Seta about 8mm. long; capsule exserted; annulus present: teeth entire or split toward the base. Very rarely fruit- ing. Easily distinguished from L. julaceus by the different shape of its leaves. It fruits so rarely a,-Plant of Leucodon brachypus X /. b,-Leaf ^^^^ ^'^ differen- of Le Stock Photo")
RMRH2N29–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. number of flagelliform small-leaved branches as to cause the plant to ap- pear deformed. Leaves of secondary stems slightly secund, ovate- lanceolate, somewhat de- current, very long and slenderly acuminate, en" tire, plicate with several folds. Seta about 8mm. long; capsule exserted; annulus present: teeth entire or split toward the base. Very rarely fruit- ing. Easily distinguished from L. julaceus by the different shape of its leaves. It fruits so rarely a,-Plant of Leucodon brachypus X /. b,-Leaf ^^^^ ^'^ differen- of Le
RMRDC10K–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 418 BRYOPHYTES (MOSS PLANTS) spongy tissues cannot occur and are not needed until leaves be- come more than one cell in thickness. The stem is also quite simple in structure, and is not dif- ferentiated into the tissues which characterize the stems of higher plants. The sporophyte is commonly much larger than that of the Liverworts a. g Fig. 372.—Thegame- tophyte of a Moss, con- sisting of stem- (s) and leaf-Iilce structures (i), and rhizoids (r) which attach it to the sub- stratum. X about 2. Fig. 373. — The two generations of Moss, g, gametophyte
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —42— only once was any party soaked bya shower. The weather for the first few days was excessively hot and smoky, and everything around the camp" was so dry that the fire com- mittee said that we were living in a powder-keg, and is- sued strict rules about the use of fire in the camp. Chimney Pond was the only water- supply, and the farthest corner was assigned as a bath- ing and laundry place, and the water thereof was aptly described by Judge Churchill as "alpine." Camp was run on a day- lights-saving sched- ule, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH1FW4/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-42-only-once-was-any-party-soaked-bya-shower-the-weather-for-the-first-few-days-was-excessively-hot-and-smoky-and-everything-around-the-campquot-was-so-dry-that-the-fire-com-mittee-said-that-we-were-living-in-a-powder-keg-and-is-sued-strict-rules-about-the-use-of-fire-in-the-camp-chimney-pond-was-the-only-water-supply-and-the-farthest-corner-was-assigned-as-a-bath-ing-and-laundry-place-and-the-water-thereof-was-aptly-described-by-judge-churchill-as-quotalpinequot-camp-was-run-on-a-day-lights-saving-sched-ule-RH1FW4.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —42— only once was any party soaked bya shower. The weather for the first few days was excessively hot and smoky, and everything around the camp" was so dry that the fire com- mittee said that we were living in a powder-keg, and is- sued strict rules about the use of fire in the camp. Chimney Pond was the only water- supply, and the farthest corner was assigned as a bath- ing and laundry place, and the water thereof was aptly described by Judge Churchill as "alpine." Camp was run on a day- lights-saving sched- ule, Stock Photo")
RMRH1FW4–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —42— only once was any party soaked bya shower. The weather for the first few days was excessively hot and smoky, and everything around the camp" was so dry that the fire com- mittee said that we were living in a powder-keg, and is- sued strict rules about the use of fire in the camp. Chimney Pond was the only water- supply, and the farthest corner was assigned as a bath- ing and laundry place, and the water thereof was aptly described by Judge Churchill as "alpine." Camp was run on a day- lights-saving sched- ule,
RMRH7YY3–. Botany of the living plant. Botany; Plants. Fig. 370. A — archegonium of Riccia trichocarpa, showing ventral canal-cell (v) and ovum. ( x 525-) B=ripe archegonium of Riccia glauca. ( x 260.) (After Campbell.) their origin may have been distinct. In the thalloid Liverworts they are always borne on the morphologically upper surface ; but by various means they are carefully protected, being sometimes sunk deeply in the thallus (Fig. 370). In the Jungermanniae they are covered in by envelopes, the number and variety of which give useful features in classification. A particular interest attaches
RMRH2P3J–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Vol. XXIII March, 1920 No. 2 THE MOSSES OF THE LAKE GEORGE FLORA Stewart H. Burnham The region covered by this flora includes the counties of Washington, Warren, and Saratoga. A few additional records in the county of Essex at Ticonderoga and Crown Point; and in Hamilton county, at Blue Mountain Lake, are also given. I collected my first mosses about 1892; these were determined in Janu- ary, 1893, by Prof. John M. Holzinger, and my interest in the Musci was awak- ened. Many specimens have been determined by Mrs. E. G. Britton; Pr
RMRDXRNT–. The essentials of botany. Botany. 210 BOTANY: spiral threads of protoplasm, each provided with two cilia (Fig. 123, D). 387. The female organ of Liverworts is called an arche-. FlG.133.- development, once, yjland ' , „ , ^,^, ^ i.^^x.^x.«u in various stages. IX, germ-cell now developed into a spore-fruit, /, filled with spores and elaters; a, the greatly distended wall of the archegone. X, immature and mature elaters and spores. All magnified. gonium, or archegone. It bears some resemblance to the corresponding organ in the Stoneworts (p. 203), and, like it, has an internal cell (the ge
![. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 117 (Fig. 30, A, a) is composed mainly of a spongy green tissue which is also present in the upper part of the capsule, surrounding the large air-spaces between the sporogenous tissue and the outer part of the capsule. This green tissue recalls the " mesophyll " or spongy green tissue in the leaves of the higher plants, and like the mesophyll communicates with the outside atmos- phere by stomata. In a few cases, this basal part of the capsule (apophysis) is a very much enlarged spe- cialorgan, comparable phy Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDG4F4/lectures-on-the-evolution-of-plants-botany-plants-mosses-and-liverworts-117-fig-30-a-a-is-composed-mainly-of-a-spongy-green-tissue-which-is-also-present-in-the-upper-part-of-the-capsule-surrounding-the-large-air-spaces-between-the-sporogenous-tissue-and-the-outer-part-of-the-capsule-this-green-tissue-recalls-the-quot-mesophyll-quot-or-spongy-green-tissue-in-the-leaves-of-the-higher-plants-and-like-the-mesophyll-communicates-with-the-outside-atmos-phere-by-stomata-in-a-few-cases-this-basal-part-of-the-capsule-apophysis-is-a-very-much-enlarged-spe-cialorgan-comparable-phy-RDG4F4.jpg ". Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 117 (Fig. 30, A, a) is composed mainly of a spongy green tissue which is also present in the upper part of the capsule, surrounding the large air-spaces between the sporogenous tissue and the outer part of the capsule. This green tissue recalls the " mesophyll " or spongy green tissue in the leaves of the higher plants, and like the mesophyll communicates with the outside atmos- phere by stomata. In a few cases, this basal part of the capsule (apophysis) is a very much enlarged spe- cialorgan, comparable phy Stock Photo")
RMRDG4F4–. Lectures on the evolution of plants. Botany; Plants. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 117 (Fig. 30, A, a) is composed mainly of a spongy green tissue which is also present in the upper part of the capsule, surrounding the large air-spaces between the sporogenous tissue and the outer part of the capsule. This green tissue recalls the " mesophyll " or spongy green tissue in the leaves of the higher plants, and like the mesophyll communicates with the outside atmos- phere by stomata. In a few cases, this basal part of the capsule (apophysis) is a very much enlarged spe- cialorgan, comparable phy
RMRH2M1J–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -64- ures is printed in the May number. In Fig. 15 the zig-zag- line shows plainly, and in Fig. 17, the left hand side shows clearly the trabeculate inner face of the tooth. The plates of lignin forming these thickenings are deposited on both sides of the original wall as shown in Fig. 5, so that the teeth are formed of a double layer of plates, Two rows on the outside and a single row inside. The cells next inside the peristomial layer are much more num- erous and somewhat irregular. They follow the curvature of the peristomial
RMRDW9JD–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. UEPATICM 349 here surrounded by a periantli, a loose bag-like slieath, which grows up from below the base of the young sporogonium, at length completely enclosing it (F//. and F///.,I'ig. 2^b,pp). 455.—'The archegonia of the Liverworts occur singly, as in Riccia, Antlioceros, etc., or grouped together, as in Mar- chantia, Jungermannia, and their allies. In Marcliantia they grow in several clusters of four to six upon the under surface of the spreading top (the fertile receptacle) of a special branch of the thallus (Fig. 337). In many cases the. P
![. Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 17. J BRYOPHYTES. 163 to attach them to the soil, or to trunks, or to other bodies on which tbey glow. Plants of this grade are chiefly Mosses. So as a whole they take tlie name of "^ 498. Bryophyta, Bryophytes in English form, Bryum being the Greek name of a Moss. These plants are of two principal kinds: true Mosses (Mmci, which is their Latin name in the plural); and Hepatic Mosses, or Liverworts {Hepatica). Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTX4A/grays-school-and-field-book-of-botany-consisting-of-quotlessons-in-botanyquot-and-quotfield-forest-and-garden-botanyquot-bound-in-one-volume-botany-botany-section-17-j-bryophytes-163-to-attach-them-to-the-soil-or-to-trunks-or-to-other-bodies-on-which-tbey-glow-plants-of-this-grade-are-chiefly-mosses-so-as-a-whole-they-take-tlie-name-of-quot-498-bryophyta-bryophytes-in-english-form-bryum-being-the-greek-name-of-a-moss-these-plants-are-of-two-principal-kinds-true-mosses-mmci-which-is-their-latin-name-in-the-plural-and-hepatic-mosses-or-liverworts-hepatica-RDTX4A.jpg ". Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 17. J BRYOPHYTES. 163 to attach them to the soil, or to trunks, or to other bodies on which tbey glow. Plants of this grade are chiefly Mosses. So as a whole they take tlie name of "^ 498. Bryophyta, Bryophytes in English form, Bryum being the Greek name of a Moss. These plants are of two principal kinds: true Mosses (Mmci, which is their Latin name in the plural); and Hepatic Mosses, or Liverworts {Hepatica). Stock Photo")
RMRDTX4A–. Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 17. J BRYOPHYTES. 163 to attach them to the soil, or to trunks, or to other bodies on which tbey glow. Plants of this grade are chiefly Mosses. So as a whole they take tlie name of "^ 498. Bryophyta, Bryophytes in English form, Bryum being the Greek name of a Moss. These plants are of two principal kinds: true Mosses (Mmci, which is their Latin name in the plural); and Hepatic Mosses, or Liverworts {Hepatica).
RMRDXMRB–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. Fig. 130. Anthoceros Pearsoni. Development of the embryo. X300. A, C, £, median longi- tudinal sections. B and D, successive cross-sections of embryos of about the age of A and C respectively. In E the archesporium is differentiated. (After Campbell.) a central group of four, and a peripheral series (Fig. 130 c, d) : from the former the sterile columella originates, although in all other Liverworts the corresponding cells give rise to the archesporium. This, however, is primarily formed in Anthoceros
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -69-- 1891). 1 have not observed the variety, which Nylander defined as follows: "Variat haec Ramalina cortice distincte transversim rimoso et hinc inde obsolete lac- unoso-inequali, var. disrupta, accedens ad sequentem, a qua differt praecipue receptaculo laevi." It appears to be only a contingent phase at best, differing because of its smooth thalline exciple. Ramalina testudinaria Nyl. Synonymy: Ramalina testudinaria Nyl., Recog. mono. Ram. 108 [10]. 1870. Type: In the herbarium of the Museum histoire d'naturelle, Pa Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2NT0/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-69-1891-1-have-not-observed-the-variety-which-nylander-defined-as-follows-quotvariat-haec-ramalina-cortice-distincte-transversim-rimoso-et-hinc-inde-obsolete-lac-unoso-inequali-var-disrupta-accedens-ad-sequentem-a-qua-differt-praecipue-receptaculo-laeviquot-it-appears-to-be-only-a-contingent-phase-at-best-differing-because-of-its-smooth-thalline-exciple-ramalina-testudinaria-nyl-synonymy-ramalina-testudinaria-nyl-recog-mono-ram-108-10-1870-type-in-the-herbarium-of-the-museum-histoire-dnaturelle-pa-RH2NT0.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -69-- 1891). 1 have not observed the variety, which Nylander defined as follows: "Variat haec Ramalina cortice distincte transversim rimoso et hinc inde obsolete lac- unoso-inequali, var. disrupta, accedens ad sequentem, a qua differt praecipue receptaculo laevi." It appears to be only a contingent phase at best, differing because of its smooth thalline exciple. Ramalina testudinaria Nyl. Synonymy: Ramalina testudinaria Nyl., Recog. mono. Ram. 108 [10]. 1870. Type: In the herbarium of the Museum histoire d'naturelle, Pa Stock Photo")
RMRH2NT0–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -69-- 1891). 1 have not observed the variety, which Nylander defined as follows: "Variat haec Ramalina cortice distincte transversim rimoso et hinc inde obsolete lac- unoso-inequali, var. disrupta, accedens ad sequentem, a qua differt praecipue receptaculo laevi." It appears to be only a contingent phase at best, differing because of its smooth thalline exciple. Ramalina testudinaria Nyl. Synonymy: Ramalina testudinaria Nyl., Recog. mono. Ram. 108 [10]. 1870. Type: In the herbarium of the Museum histoire d'naturelle, Pa
RMRDTNCT–. Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) Prepared at the request of the Botanical Dept. of Harvard University. Botany; Botany. have water only when dew or rain falls. Other kiniLs live 111 the crevices of bark on tree trunks ; others on soil. The Sphagnum Mosses live in bogs, of which tliey sometimes form the chief vegetation. Peat from these bogs (used for fuel in some coun- tries) is to a considerable extent made up of the dead stems and leaves of these Mosses. 474. Reproduction is essentially the same ill Mot.ses as in Liverworts.
RMRH2NWR–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —52— The present species is the fourth member of the genus Cololejeunea (in its restricted sense)' to be reported from the United States, the others being C. BiddLecondae (Aust.) Evans, C. diaphana Evans, and C. minutissirm (Smith) Schiffn. A fifth species, C. Jooriana (Aust.) Evans, has recently been trans- ferred to the genus Leptocolea by the writer and is now knawn as L. Jooriana, (Aust.) Evans.. Cololejeunea setiloba Evj Figs, i and 2. Robust sterile stems, ventral view, x 45- Fig. 3- Antheridial spike with two female inflor
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. The derivations of brood-bodies from paraphyses is mentioned by Cor- rens (Vermehrung der Laubmoose, p. 419, 1890,) who succeeded in obtain- ing pro tonema from isolated paraphyses of male flowers of Funaria: " As is known, these are club shaped and end in a large globose cell rich in chlorophyl. This is frequently divided longtitudinally or transversely. I expected to obtain protonema directly from these cells but was disap- pointed; it always sprang from cells lower down." His conclusion is (1. c, p. 360): "I bel Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH27KW/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-the-derivations-of-brood-bodies-from-paraphyses-is-mentioned-by-cor-rens-vermehrung-der-laubmoose-p-419-1890-who-succeeded-in-obtain-ing-pro-tonema-from-isolated-paraphyses-of-male-flowers-of-funaria-quot-as-is-known-these-are-club-shaped-and-end-in-a-large-globose-cell-rich-in-chlorophyl-this-is-frequently-divided-longtitudinally-or-transversely-i-expected-to-obtain-protonema-directly-from-these-cells-but-was-disap-pointed-it-always-sprang-from-cells-lower-downquot-his-conclusion-is-1-c-p-360-quoti-bel-RH27KW.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. The derivations of brood-bodies from paraphyses is mentioned by Cor- rens (Vermehrung der Laubmoose, p. 419, 1890,) who succeeded in obtain- ing pro tonema from isolated paraphyses of male flowers of Funaria: " As is known, these are club shaped and end in a large globose cell rich in chlorophyl. This is frequently divided longtitudinally or transversely. I expected to obtain protonema directly from these cells but was disap- pointed; it always sprang from cells lower down." His conclusion is (1. c, p. 360): "I bel Stock Photo")
RMRH27KW–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. The derivations of brood-bodies from paraphyses is mentioned by Cor- rens (Vermehrung der Laubmoose, p. 419, 1890,) who succeeded in obtain- ing pro tonema from isolated paraphyses of male flowers of Funaria: " As is known, these are club shaped and end in a large globose cell rich in chlorophyl. This is frequently divided longtitudinally or transversely. I expected to obtain protonema directly from these cells but was disap- pointed; it always sprang from cells lower down." His conclusion is (1. c, p. 360): "I bel
RMRDTW9N–. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. THE GKEAT GROUPS OF BKYOI'Hi'TES HJ. '@ M Fig. 100. Species of Lepidozm, a genus of leafy liverworts, showing diilerent leaf forms, and in A and t'the dehiscence of the sporogonium by four valves. In G rhizoids are evident; and in B, D, and E the three rows of leaves are seen, the leaves of the ventral row heing comparatively small.—After Engler and Pkantl. Mosses, and possibly to the Pteridophytes also. The thallus is very simple, being differentiated neither in structure nor form, as in the two other lines; but the 26. Please note that these images ar
![. Mosses with a hand-lens; a non-technical handbook of the more common and more easily recognized mosses of the north-eastern United States. Mosses. MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS 155 â ^ .jrj^ in length; spores light yellowish-brown, jfjh,"" maturing in autumn. Widely distributed IS^ I "^^f l""' apparently not abundant. '^J.'^Y '^'^^ Horned Liverworts are the highest "^Jhj^^ of the Bryophyta and by many are consid- ^l-'%-.::M ^y^^ as the ancestors of the Perns, but they ySx'x^M I ^I'E P^it here for convenience, as they are irI sure to be sought with the other thalloi Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDJD8J/mosses-with-a-hand-lens-a-non-technical-handbook-of-the-more-common-and-more-easily-recognized-mosses-of-the-north-eastern-united-states-mosses-mosses-with-a-hand-lens-155-jrj-in-length-spores-light-yellowish-brown-jfjhquotquot-maturing-in-autumn-widely-distributed-is-i-quotf-lquotquot-apparently-not-abundant-jy-horned-liverworts-are-the-highest-quotjhj-of-the-bryophyta-and-by-many-are-consid-l-m-y-as-the-ancestors-of-the-perns-but-they-ysxxm-i-ie-pit-here-for-convenience-as-they-are-iri-sure-to-be-sought-with-the-other-thalloi-RDJD8J.jpg ". Mosses with a hand-lens; a non-technical handbook of the more common and more easily recognized mosses of the north-eastern United States. Mosses. MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS 155 â ^ .jrj^ in length; spores light yellowish-brown, jfjh,"" maturing in autumn. Widely distributed IS^ I "^^f l""' apparently not abundant. '^J.'^Y '^'^^ Horned Liverworts are the highest "^Jhj^^ of the Bryophyta and by many are consid- ^l-'%-.::M ^y^^ as the ancestors of the Perns, but they ySx'x^M I ^I'E P^it here for convenience, as they are irI sure to be sought with the other thalloi Stock Photo")
RMRDJD8J–. Mosses with a hand-lens; a non-technical handbook of the more common and more easily recognized mosses of the north-eastern United States. Mosses. MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS 155 â ^ .jrj^ in length; spores light yellowish-brown, jfjh,"" maturing in autumn. Widely distributed IS^ I "^^f l""' apparently not abundant. '^J.'^Y '^'^^ Horned Liverworts are the highest "^Jhj^^ of the Bryophyta and by many are consid- ^l-'%-.::M ^y^^ as the ancestors of the Perns, but they ySx'x^M I ^I'E P^it here for convenience, as they are irI sure to be sought with the other thalloi
RMRH2M2G–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -58- Sticta scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach. Fig. 7. The thallus is large, almost round, is irregularly pitted, in color is a light green and at the margin is usually- darker, with a reddish tinge. The rounded, wavy lobes are frequently covered with light gray soredia. The under surface is a light brown with a close nap through which appear pale spots, smaller and rounder than those in 5, amplissima Fig. 7. Sticta scrobiculata. Red, V,. P^^^onaria, Apo- thecia are very rare, they are small and scattered, the disk is a dark brown with an
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGISTV. Vol. XIX September, 1916 No. 5 FOSSOMBRONIA CRISPULA IN THE DUNE REGION OF INDIANA In 1898 two stations were found for a pseudo-foliaceous hepatic which at the time was referred to Fossomhronia crispula Austin. The first of these stations is in the town of Westchester, Porter County, two or three miles eastward from Dune Park, and is in the area "between Dune Park and Mineral Springs, Indi- ana (G. S. Bryan, 1914) " lately given for it by Dr. A. W. Evans in some "Notes on New England Hepaticae" Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2NT1/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-the-bryologistv-vol-xix-september-1916-no-5-fossombronia-crispula-in-the-dune-region-of-indiana-in-1898-two-stations-were-found-for-a-pseudo-foliaceous-hepatic-which-at-the-time-was-referred-to-fossomhronia-crispula-austin-the-first-of-these-stations-is-in-the-town-of-westchester-porter-county-two-or-three-miles-eastward-from-dune-park-and-is-in-the-area-quotbetween-dune-park-and-mineral-springs-indi-ana-g-s-bryan-1914-quot-lately-given-for-it-by-dr-a-w-evans-in-some-quotnotes-on-new-england-hepaticaequot-RH2NT1.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGISTV. Vol. XIX September, 1916 No. 5 FOSSOMBRONIA CRISPULA IN THE DUNE REGION OF INDIANA In 1898 two stations were found for a pseudo-foliaceous hepatic which at the time was referred to Fossomhronia crispula Austin. The first of these stations is in the town of Westchester, Porter County, two or three miles eastward from Dune Park, and is in the area "between Dune Park and Mineral Springs, Indi- ana (G. S. Bryan, 1914) " lately given for it by Dr. A. W. Evans in some "Notes on New England Hepaticae" Stock Photo")
RMRH2NT1–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGISTV. Vol. XIX September, 1916 No. 5 FOSSOMBRONIA CRISPULA IN THE DUNE REGION OF INDIANA In 1898 two stations were found for a pseudo-foliaceous hepatic which at the time was referred to Fossomhronia crispula Austin. The first of these stations is in the town of Westchester, Porter County, two or three miles eastward from Dune Park, and is in the area "between Dune Park and Mineral Springs, Indi- ana (G. S. Bryan, 1914) " lately given for it by Dr. A. W. Evans in some "Notes on New England Hepaticae"
![. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. LIVERWORTS AXD MOSSES. 59 for these are gre;it on account of its ra[)id growth and the su]j]jly required as resere for each spore. The foot, being in close contact with the tissue of the gametophvte, acts as an absorbing organ, receiving food solutions from it. The sporo- phyte thus lives, in part at least, as a parasite upon the gameto- phyte. In some mosses there is a ten- dency to increase the nutritive work of the sporophyte b- de- veloping at tlie top of the stalk, below the spore-case, a mass of gr Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDYAPY/plant-life-considered-with-special-references-to-form-and-function-plant-physiology-liverworts-axd-mosses-59-for-these-are-greit-on-account-of-its-ra-id-growth-and-the-su-j-jly-required-as-resere-for-each-spore-the-foot-being-in-close-contact-with-the-tissue-of-the-gametophvte-acts-as-an-absorbing-organ-receiving-food-solutions-from-it-the-sporo-phyte-thus-lives-in-part-at-least-as-a-parasite-upon-the-gameto-phyte-in-some-mosses-there-is-a-ten-dency-to-increase-the-nutritive-work-of-the-sporophyte-b-de-veloping-at-tlie-top-of-the-stalk-below-the-spore-case-a-mass-of-gr-RDYAPY.jpg ". Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. LIVERWORTS AXD MOSSES. 59 for these are gre;it on account of its ra[)id growth and the su]j]jly required as resere for each spore. The foot, being in close contact with the tissue of the gametophvte, acts as an absorbing organ, receiving food solutions from it. The sporo- phyte thus lives, in part at least, as a parasite upon the gameto- phyte. In some mosses there is a ten- dency to increase the nutritive work of the sporophyte b- de- veloping at tlie top of the stalk, below the spore-case, a mass of gr Stock Photo")
RMRDYAPY–. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. LIVERWORTS AXD MOSSES. 59 for these are gre;it on account of its ra[)id growth and the su]j]jly required as resere for each spore. The foot, being in close contact with the tissue of the gametophvte, acts as an absorbing organ, receiving food solutions from it. The sporo- phyte thus lives, in part at least, as a parasite upon the gameto- phyte. In some mosses there is a ten- dency to increase the nutritive work of the sporophyte b- de- veloping at tlie top of the stalk, below the spore-case, a mass of gr
RMRH2P10–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -85- usually 4 than 5; a cross-section taken at the middle shows a row of about 100 single cells, the lower portion being 2 cells thick. The mouth is very small, constricted and entire. Probably Mr. Pendleton will distribute specimens amongst his American friends, but I shall be glad to send specimens to any student interested in the species.. // Aplozia Pendletonii Pearson Fig. I. Bracts, with perianth, X 24. Fig. 2. Cross-section of perianth, about the middle, X 24. Fig. 3. Mouth of perianth, explanate, X 50. PORELLA RIVULARIS
 Perichaetial leaves, Xi7- (6) Cells of leaf-tip, X400-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenologic Stock Photo")
RMRH2N7Y–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. PLATE XXII. Rhacomitrium aciculare nevii. (i) Plant, Xi- (2) Cross section through leaf margin, X550. (3) Capsule, Xi7- (4). (5") Perichaetial leaves, Xi7- (6) Cells of leaf-tip, X400-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenologic
RMRE3AXA–. Practical botany. Botany. MOSSES AJSTD LIVERWORTS (BRYOPHYTES) 259. divide by oblique walls, and form buds (Fig. 214, A, 5). These buds continue to grow, the outermost cells develop leaves, the central ones become the stem, and from the lower ones root-like hairs (rhizoids) descend into the soil (Fig. 214, B, 6). The buds, there- fore, are the beginnings of the leafy moss plant (Figs. 215 and 216). Young buds may grow directly into leafy plants, or become dormant for a time and then resume their growth. Since the alga-like growth is that which precedes and produces the leafy moss plant, it i
RMRH2P0N–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. - 87- stalk about 0.16 mm. long, the tube proper measuring about 0.56 mm.; the para- physes are a little longer and thread-shaped. One is left uncertain whether they are yellowish, as they should be for T. megapolitana, or not; they appear â¢to be hyaline.. TiMMiA Megapolitana Hedw. Figs. I and 2, sections through the lower and upper part of the leaf base. Fig. 3, section through the costa of the lamina. Figs. 4 and 5. areolation of lower and upper parts of the leaf margin respectively, showing â diminished size of teeth toward b
![. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE (UIEAT (-JKori'S (iF HRYt )1'I1YTES 315 organized into a central stem-like axis bearing two rows of small, often crowded leaves. In consequence of this the J/i/iijennannia forms are usually called " leafy liverworts," to distin- guish tlieni from the other Liverworts, which are " thallose." Tliey are also often called " scale mosses," on account of their moss-like appear- ance and their small scale-like leaves. 205. Anthoceros forms. —This line contains com- paratively few forms, but they are of great interest, as Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDHFY6/plant-studies-an-elementary-botany-botany-the-uieat-jkoris-if-hryt-1i1ytes-315-organized-into-a-central-stem-like-axis-bearing-two-rows-of-small-often-crowded-leaves-in-consequence-of-this-the-jiiijennannia-forms-are-usually-called-quot-leafy-liverwortsquot-to-distin-guish-tlieni-from-the-other-liverworts-which-are-quot-thallosequot-tliey-are-also-often-called-quot-scale-mossesquot-on-account-of-their-moss-like-appear-ance-and-their-small-scale-like-leaves-205-anthoceros-forms-this-line-contains-com-paratively-few-forms-but-they-are-of-great-interest-as-RDHFY6.jpg ". Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE (UIEAT (-JKori'S (iF HRYt )1'I1YTES 315 organized into a central stem-like axis bearing two rows of small, often crowded leaves. In consequence of this the J/i/iijennannia forms are usually called " leafy liverworts," to distin- guish tlieni from the other Liverworts, which are " thallose." Tliey are also often called " scale mosses," on account of their moss-like appear- ance and their small scale-like leaves. 205. Anthoceros forms. —This line contains com- paratively few forms, but they are of great interest, as Stock Photo")
RMRDHFY6–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE (UIEAT (-JKori'S (iF HRYt )1'I1YTES 315 organized into a central stem-like axis bearing two rows of small, often crowded leaves. In consequence of this the J/i/iijennannia forms are usually called " leafy liverworts," to distin- guish tlieni from the other Liverworts, which are " thallose." Tliey are also often called " scale mosses," on account of their moss-like appear- ance and their small scale-like leaves. 205. Anthoceros forms. —This line contains com- paratively few forms, but they are of great interest, as
![. Botany for high schools. Botany. 3o6 GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS highly developed organ than the egg case of the algae and fungi, as will be seen in the study of examples. The fruit of the liver- worts is a capsule containing spores, usually borne on a stalk. THALLOSE* LIVERWORTS. 473. Marchantia.—The thallose liverworts may be repre- sented by a study of Marchantia. This plant grows on damp soil, or rocks in swampy or moist, shady places. The thallus is rather broadly strap-shaped, notched at the end, the growling point residing in the notch. There is a " midrib " extend- ing alo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH932T/botany-for-high-schools-botany-3o6-general-morphology-of-plants-highly-developed-organ-than-the-egg-case-of-the-algae-and-fungi-as-will-be-seen-in-the-study-of-examples-the-fruit-of-the-liver-worts-is-a-capsule-containing-spores-usually-borne-on-a-stalk-thallose-liverworts-473-marchantiathe-thallose-liverworts-may-be-repre-sented-by-a-study-of-marchantia-this-plant-grows-on-damp-soil-or-rocks-in-swampy-or-moist-shady-places-the-thallus-is-rather-broadly-strap-shaped-notched-at-the-end-the-growling-point-residing-in-the-notch-there-is-a-quot-midrib-quot-extend-ing-alo-RH932T.jpg ". Botany for high schools. Botany. 3o6 GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS highly developed organ than the egg case of the algae and fungi, as will be seen in the study of examples. The fruit of the liver- worts is a capsule containing spores, usually borne on a stalk. THALLOSE* LIVERWORTS. 473. Marchantia.—The thallose liverworts may be repre- sented by a study of Marchantia. This plant grows on damp soil, or rocks in swampy or moist, shady places. The thallus is rather broadly strap-shaped, notched at the end, the growling point residing in the notch. There is a " midrib " extend- ing alo Stock Photo")
RMRH932T–. Botany for high schools. Botany. 3o6 GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS highly developed organ than the egg case of the algae and fungi, as will be seen in the study of examples. The fruit of the liver- worts is a capsule containing spores, usually borne on a stalk. THALLOSE* LIVERWORTS. 473. Marchantia.—The thallose liverworts may be repre- sented by a study of Marchantia. This plant grows on damp soil, or rocks in swampy or moist, shady places. The thallus is rather broadly strap-shaped, notched at the end, the growling point residing in the notch. There is a " midrib " extend- ing alo
RMRE0P44–. Elementary botany. Botany. FOLIOSE LIVERWORTS. ISS. There is so much moisture in these little pockets of the under side of the leaf that minute animals have found them good places to live in, and one frequently discovers them in this retreat. There is here also a third row of poorly developed leaves on the under side of the stem. 330. Porella.—Growing in similar situations is the plant known as porella. Sometimes there are a few plants in a group, and at other times large mats occur on the bark of a trunk. This pla t porella, also has closely overlappmg leaves in rows on opposite sides of th
RMRH2P0D–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS VOLUME XXIV. / O. E. JENNINGS, Ph. D., Editor-in- Chief Assoc iate Ed itors GEORGE N. BEST, M. D. ABEL JOEL GROUT. Ph. D. ALEXANDER W. EVANS, Ph. D. JOHN M. HOLZINGER, M. S. and the Advisory Board Officers of the Society Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1921. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfect
RMRE3AT8–. Practical botany. Botany. Fig. 226. A leafy liverwort (Frullania) At ^1 is a plant about natural size as it appears growing upon a piece of maple bark ; at £ is an enlarged piece of the same plant, showing its leaves, rhizoids, and the peculiar stalked spore-capsule. Modified after Kemer 253. Other liverworts. There are many kinds of liver-worts and they are world-wide in distribution. They are usually found in damp and shady places. A few species live in the water. In the moist tropics they may be found upon the trunks or even the leaves of trees. The liverworts may have flat dorsiventral b
RMRH2MN9–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate V. I. Moist peristome of Polytrichum Ohioense R. & C. 2. The same dry. 3 Dry peristome of Georgia. 4. The same wet. 5 Four teeth of the peristome of Catharinea undulata (L.) Web. & Mohr. 8. Dry peris- tome of Barbula amplexa Lesq. 7. A perfect peristome of the same moistened 6 An older peristome of the same moistened.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble
RMRH2M35–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Fig. 5. Sticta aurata. Red. Yt^. S. amplissima is found on rocks in its best form, but grows on old wood and even trunks of living trees. It is one of the most common of the Stictas, and when growing on rocks, where it forms a large, round mat of light gray, thickly covered with the reddish apothecia, is a very handsome plant. Sticta AURATA (Sm.)Ach. Fig. 5. The thallus of this interesting species has broad, deep lobes with cren- ate margins covered with golden colored soredia, is greenish brown soon turn- ing a brownish red and
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Fig. 3. Physcia aquila var. detonsa X 2. Physcia aquila (Ach.) Nyl., var. DETONSA TucKM. (Fig. 3.) This in- teresting lichen is found on rocks, occa- sionally on trees. In favorable locali- ties it grows in round patches, the outer ring lighter and smoother than the inner part, which gives it the specific name, '* detonsa," meaning shaved. The thal- lus at the margin is olive in color, but soon grows brown. The lobes are linear, fringed on the margins with cilia, to- ward the centre are thickly covered with isidioid lobules. Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2MYP/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-fig-3-physcia-aquila-var-detonsa-x-2-physcia-aquila-ach-nyl-var-detonsa-tuckm-fig-3-this-in-teresting-lichen-is-found-on-rocks-occa-sionally-on-trees-in-favorable-locali-ties-it-grows-in-round-patches-the-outer-ring-lighter-and-smoother-than-the-inner-part-which-gives-it-the-specific-name-detonsaquot-meaning-shaved-the-thal-lus-at-the-margin-is-olive-in-color-but-soon-grows-brown-the-lobes-are-linear-fringed-on-the-margins-with-cilia-to-ward-the-centre-are-thickly-covered-with-isidioid-lobules-RH2MYP.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Fig. 3. Physcia aquila var. detonsa X 2. Physcia aquila (Ach.) Nyl., var. DETONSA TucKM. (Fig. 3.) This in- teresting lichen is found on rocks, occa- sionally on trees. In favorable locali- ties it grows in round patches, the outer ring lighter and smoother than the inner part, which gives it the specific name, '* detonsa," meaning shaved. The thal- lus at the margin is olive in color, but soon grows brown. The lobes are linear, fringed on the margins with cilia, to- ward the centre are thickly covered with isidioid lobules. Stock Photo")
RMRH2MYP–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Fig. 3. Physcia aquila var. detonsa X 2. Physcia aquila (Ach.) Nyl., var. DETONSA TucKM. (Fig. 3.) This in- teresting lichen is found on rocks, occa- sionally on trees. In favorable locali- ties it grows in round patches, the outer ring lighter and smoother than the inner part, which gives it the specific name, '* detonsa," meaning shaved. The thal- lus at the margin is olive in color, but soon grows brown. The lobes are linear, fringed on the margins with cilia, to- ward the centre are thickly covered with isidioid lobules.
RMRDWG20–. Elementary botany. Botany. FOLIOSE LIVERWORTS. 155 occur on the bark of a trunk. This pk— porella, also has closely overlapping leaves ^$s There is so much moisture in these little pockets of the under side of the leaf that minute animals have found them good places to live in, and one frequently discovers them in this retreat. There is here also a third row of poorly developed leaves on the under side of the stem. 330. Porella.—Growing in similar situations is the plant known as porella. Sometimes there are a few plants J>L, in a. group, and at other times large mats f4* fv wi-* in row
RMRDYB5M–. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. 52 PLANT LIFE. produce the whole thallus. The center of the thalhis is generally thicker than the wings, and forms a sort of central rib {B, fig. 60). 60. The shoot.—In the greater number of liverworts the mature vegetative body is a shoot, which is differentiated. Fig. 61. Fig. 60.—Surface view of growing apex of tliallus of RIetzgeria/iircata just after forking. «, primary apical cell; 1^, secondary apical cell of branch; t-, the wing- tissue between a.xis and branch outgrowing the apices. j5, the midrib
RMRH2MWX–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —33— KEY TO THE SPECIES. Stems subsimple or somewhat fasciculately branching, short, tumid; un- derleaves caudate-lacinulate at base 8. P. Bolanderi. Stems more or less regularly 1-3 pinnate. Ventral lobes lingulate-oblong to linear-oblong, often somewhat falcate, closely appressed to stem or to dorsal lobes. Dorsal lobes and underleaves entire, length of ventral lobes i-f the width of the dorsal i. P. pinnata. Dorsal lobes entire, underleaves ciliate dentate at base, length of ventral lobes ^-f the width of the dorsal 2. P. Swar
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST Vol. XIX July, 1916 No. 4 MNIUM ANTIOUORUM CARDOT AND DIXON, AN EXTINCT MOSS H. N. Dixon The number of species of mosses found in a more or less fossilized condition and now extinct is very small. E. G. Britton and A. Hollick have recently shown (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 139. March, 1907) that of the comparatively few records some at least are erroneous, and do not belong to mosses at all. A recently described species having peculiarly interesting relationships has been published in "The Pliocene Floras of th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2NTA/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-the-bryologist-vol-xix-july-1916-no-4-mnium-antiouorum-cardot-and-dixon-an-extinct-moss-h-n-dixon-the-number-of-species-of-mosses-found-in-a-more-or-less-fossilized-condition-and-now-extinct-is-very-small-e-g-britton-and-a-hollick-have-recently-shown-bull-torr-bot-club-34-139-march-1907-that-of-the-comparatively-few-records-some-at-least-are-erroneous-and-do-not-belong-to-mosses-at-all-a-recently-described-species-having-peculiarly-interesting-relationships-has-been-published-in-quotthe-pliocene-floras-of-th-RH2NTA.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST Vol. XIX July, 1916 No. 4 MNIUM ANTIOUORUM CARDOT AND DIXON, AN EXTINCT MOSS H. N. Dixon The number of species of mosses found in a more or less fossilized condition and now extinct is very small. E. G. Britton and A. Hollick have recently shown (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 139. March, 1907) that of the comparatively few records some at least are erroneous, and do not belong to mosses at all. A recently described species having peculiarly interesting relationships has been published in "The Pliocene Floras of th Stock Photo")
RMRH2NTA–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST Vol. XIX July, 1916 No. 4 MNIUM ANTIOUORUM CARDOT AND DIXON, AN EXTINCT MOSS H. N. Dixon The number of species of mosses found in a more or less fossilized condition and now extinct is very small. E. G. Britton and A. Hollick have recently shown (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 139. March, 1907) that of the comparatively few records some at least are erroneous, and do not belong to mosses at all. A recently described species having peculiarly interesting relationships has been published in "The Pliocene Floras of th
RMRDDACJ–. Lessons in botany. Botany. HO W PLANTS GET THEIR CARBON FOOD. 77 In vaucheria, a branched thread-like alga, the chlorophyll bodies are oval in outline. This form of the chlorophyll body is that which is common to many of the green algae, and also occurs in the mosses, liverworts, ferns, and the higher plants. It is a more or less rounded, oval, flattened body. Demonstration 25. 141. Chlorophyll bodies in leaves.—If it is desired to demonstrate the chlorophyll bodies the teacher can make free-hand sections from fresh leaves of a begonia, or from some other plant. In figure 60 are shown the ch
RMRH2NWX–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Bryologist Vol. XXIV, Plate V. Explanation of Plate V Sphagnum suitable for surgical dressings: Fig. I. Sphagnum imbricatum. Fig. 2. S. palustre. Sphagnum not suitable for surgical dressings: Fig. 3. 5. recurvum. Fig. 4. 5. fuscum.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 18
RMRH2P0E–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS Volume XVI O. E. JENNINGS, Ph.a, Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors ABEL JOEL GROUT, Ph.D. GEORGE N. BEST, M.D. JOHN M. HOLZINGER, M. S. ALEXANDER W. EVANS, Ph.D. LINCOLN W. RIDDLE, Ph.D. and the Advisory Board Officers of th« Society. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1913. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations
RMRH2MG7–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Fig. 6. Pyxine picta.. Fig. 7. within. Pyxine sorediata X^. Pyxine sorediata Fr. (Fig. 7.) This species resembles closely Physcia speciosa, but has two well defined differences in ap pearance. In P. speciosa the cilia are white, in P. sorediata they are black. In the former the underside of the thallus is white with grayish fibrils, in the latter the under part is black, with a thick mat of black fibrils. If the thallus of P. sorediata is broken it will be found to be yellow The lobes of the thallus are many cleft, round and regu
RMRH2P20–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. leaves, as in Pirea cymhifolia. Dr. Small and Mr. Carter also collected it in Andros Island, Bahamas, in 1910, and in hummocks at Grassy Key in subtropi- cal Florida, January 1909. Mr. Williams found abundant and well-grown material at Cana, Panama, in 1908, also sterile. It occurs also in Porto Rico, near Mayaguez, and I have collected it growing on twigs and bushes near Guana- bana in the Trinidad Mountains of Santa Clara in Cuba. It appears to be dioicous as these last were archegonial plants. For many years I have wondered wh
RMRH2P36–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST Vol. XXIII May, 1920. TORTULA PAGORUM (MILDE) DeNOT., NEAR HARPERS FERRY. W. VA. A. T. Beals In February, 1919, after finishing a strenuous week's work photographing reconstruction methods at the Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C, a. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jen
RMRH2MWA–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —35- long decurrent, the wing sometimes longer than the free portion, and usually sharply dentate. Perianth ovate, the lips subentire, and usually plane. On moist rocks, and base of trees in deep woods. Common on the Pacific Coast, but rare in the East. Has been collected in Connecticut, Ohio, Texas, New Mexico, Montana and Idaho. Our illustration does not show the decurrent wings of the underleaves.. Fig. 5. Porella platyphylla (L.) Lindb. B, Stem, upper side, showing perianth and emerging cap- sule. C, Stem, under side, showing
RMRH2NAB–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate XIX.—Saelania glaucescens (i) Plant, XI. (2) Leaf, X22. (3) Capsule, X18. (4) Leaf, X22. (5) Leaf- tip, X400. (6) Cells of leaf-middle, X400- (7) Cells of leaf-base, X400-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society;
RMRDWBN1–. The essentials of botany. Botany. Fio. 101.—Z, a thalloid Liverwort; Bimi C, showing bud-cups, natural size; D, enlarged to show breathing-pores. //, a leafy-stemmed Liverwort; a, unripe, and 6, ripened and split, spore-fruit. the leaves, however, have no midrib or other veins, and consist of a single layer of cells. The development of the stem is always from a single apical cell, which repeatedly divides. 387. The asexual reproduction of Liverworts takes place by means of peculiar bodies, the buds (or gemmae) so fre- quently to be seen in the Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). In the
RMRDYATG–. Plant life, considered with special references to form and function. Plant physiology. LI-ERVORTS AXD MO.SSE.S. 57 64. The leaves are also more highly deeloped than in liverworts. Thev are alwaj's sessiie and are arranged in two (rarely), three, or more ertical ranks along the btem, and consist usually of a single sheet of chlorophyll-bearing cells, the blade (figs. 69, 70), and a central rib running from base to apex (frec}uently wanting), which is composed of elongated conducting and strengthening cells (figs. 69, 70). In some the amount of green tissue is increased by the formation of
RMRDJGTA–. The essentials of botany. Botany. Fi». 101.—I, a thalloid LiTerwort; Band C, showing bud-cups, natural size; D, enlarged to show breathing-pores. i7, a leafy-stemmed laverwort; a, unnpe, and 6, ripened and split, spore-fruit. the leaves, however, have no midrib or other veins, and consist of a single layer of cells. The development of the stem is always from a single apical cell, which repeatedly divides. 387. The asexual reproduction of Liverworts takes place by means of peculiar bodies, the bads (or gemmae) so fre- quently to be seen in the Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). In the
RMRDJGRP–. The essentials of botany. Botany. BRTOPRTTA. 189 cells extending from tlie leaves to the bundle in the stem. It cannot be doubted, then, that the Mosses possess rudi- mentary fibro-vascular bundles. As in liverworts, the tis- sues of mosses develop from a single apical cell. Breathing- pores resembling those of the higher plants occur on the spore-fruits; they are not found upon the leaves or stems. 395. Mosses, for the most part, grow upon moist earth or rocks, or upon the sides of trees; comparatively few are aquatic. They range in size from less than a millimetre to many centimetres in le
![. Elementary botany. Botany. MOSSES, I 59 of mosses, and is one way in which they are separated from the leafy-stemmed liverworts, the latter never having a midrib. 336. The fruiting moss plant.—Infig. 197 is a moss plant "in fruit," as we say. Above the leafy stem a slender stalk beais <^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Atkinson, George Francis, 1854-1918. New York, H. Holt and company Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RD2FAF/elementary-botany-botany-mosses-i-59-of-mosses-and-is-one-way-in-which-they-are-separated-from-the-leafy-stemmed-liverworts-the-latter-never-having-a-midrib-336-the-fruiting-moss-plantinfig-197-is-a-moss-plant-quotin-fruitquot-as-we-say-above-the-leafy-stem-a-slender-stalk-beais-lt-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-atkinson-george-francis-1854-1918-new-york-h-holt-and-company-RD2FAF.jpg ". Elementary botany. Botany. MOSSES, I 59 of mosses, and is one way in which they are separated from the leafy-stemmed liverworts, the latter never having a midrib. 336. The fruiting moss plant.—Infig. 197 is a moss plant "in fruit," as we say. Above the leafy stem a slender stalk beais <^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Atkinson, George Francis, 1854-1918. New York, H. Holt and company Stock Photo")
RMRD2FAF–. Elementary botany. Botany. MOSSES, I 59 of mosses, and is one way in which they are separated from the leafy-stemmed liverworts, the latter never having a midrib. 336. The fruiting moss plant.—Infig. 197 is a moss plant "in fruit," as we say. Above the leafy stem a slender stalk beais <^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Atkinson, George Francis, 1854-1918. New York, H. Holt and company
RMRH2NY6–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOGIST AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS Volume XIX. O. E. JENNINGS, Ph.D., Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors ABEL JOEL GROUT, Ph.D. GEORGE N. BEST, M.D. JOHN M. HOLZINGER, M.S. ALEXANDER W. EVANS. Ph.D. LINCOLN W. RIDDLE, Ph.D. and the Advisory Board Officers of the Society Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1916. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations m
RMRH2M3M–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. -56^. Fig. 5. Sticta aurata. Red. Yt^. S. amplissima is found on rocks in its best form, but grows on old wood and even trunks of living trees. It is one of the most common of the Stictas, and when growing on rocks, where it forms a large, round mat of light gray, thickly covered with the reddish apothecia, is a very handsome plant. Sticta AURATA (Sm.)Ach. Fig. 5. The thallus of this interesting species has broad, deep lobes with cren- ate margins covered with golden colored soredia, is greenish brown soon turn- ing a brownish re
RMRH93EG–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. HEPATIC^. 349 here surrounded by a periautli, a loose bag-like slieatli, which grows up from below the base of the young sporogonium, at length completely enclosing it (F//. and F///.,rig. 235,pp). 455.—The archegonia of the Liverworts occur singly, as in Eiccia, AntJioceros, etc., or grouped together, as in Mar- chantia, J linger mannia, and their allies. In Marchantia they grow in several clusters of four to six upon the under surface of the spreading top (the fertile receptacle) of a special branch of the thallus (Fig. 237). In many cases the.
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate IX. Fig. i. Sticia quercizans. Fig. 2. S. Oregona. Fig 3. 5. ampiissima Fig. 4. S. anthraspis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis, Mo. [etc. ] American Bryological and Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2M4C/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-plate-ix-fig-i-sticia-quercizans-fig-2-s-oregona-fig-3-5-ampiissima-fig-4-s-anthraspis-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-grout-a-j-abel-joel-b-1867-smith-annie-morrill-jennings-otto-emery-1877-american-bryological-and-lichenological-society-american-bryological-society-st-louis-mo-etc-american-bryological-and-RH2M4C.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate IX. Fig. i. Sticia quercizans. Fig. 2. S. Oregona. Fig 3. 5. ampiissima Fig. 4. S. anthraspis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis, Mo. [etc. ] American Bryological and Stock Photo")
RMRH2M4C–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate IX. Fig. i. Sticia quercizans. Fig. 2. S. Oregona. Fig 3. 5. ampiissima Fig. 4. S. anthraspis.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis, Mo. [etc. ] American Bryological and
RMRDWBBA–. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. 246 PLANT EELATIONS. made up of trees of different heights, below them are shrubs of varjdng heights, then tall and low herbs, and finally mosses and liverworts. Among these close-set standing forms, great vines or lianas climb and bind the. Fig. 202. A group of aerial plants (epiphytes) from a tropical forest. Note the vari- ous habits of the epiphytes attached to the tree-trunks, and the dangling roots.— After ScHiMPER. standing vegetation into an inextricable tangle (see Figs. 55, ;i01). In addition to these, hosts of aerial plants find lodging place
RMRH2P2Y–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. TORTULA PAGORUM (MILDE) DeNOT., NEAR HARPERS FERRY. W. VA. A. T. Beals In February, 1919, after finishing a strenuous week's work photographing reconstruction methods at the Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C, a. Fig. I. ToRTULA PAGORUM, collected in Italy by E. Corti. Magnification about 60 diameters. Photograph by A. T. Beals. day in the open seemed to offer the most desirable form of rest. Harpers Ferry, with the Blue Ridge mountains, was the nearest locality that appeared to have hills and river scenery with possible broo
RMRH2P27–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —10— MNIUM FLAGELLARE SULL. AND LESQ. IN NORTH AMERICA R. S. WILLIAMS In a small collection of mosses made by Miss Ruth Mylroie on Kodiak Island, Alaska, in 1911 were found some very interesting specimens of a sterile Mnium that proved to be M. flagellare Sull. & Lesq. The type locality of this species is Hakodadi, Yesso, Japan, where it was collected by Charles Wright in 1855, in connection with the North Pacific Exploring Expedition under John Rodgers, and up to this year it has been known only from Japan and from the regio
RMRDWBMT–. The essentials of botany. Botany. BBTOPHYTA. 185 masses of cells in small cups 4 to 6 millimetres (^ inch) in diameter (Ji and O, Fig. 101). They are in reality hairs (triohomes) whose upper cells have repeatedly divided so as to form flattish masses. When these fall off they grow directly into new plants. 388. The antherids of Liverworts are more or less globu- lar, stalked bodies (Fig. 102, C), usually immersed in little depressions in the plant-body. They are to be regarded as hairs (triohomes) whose end cells have become greatly in-. Fio. 103.—^, a portion of Common Liverwort (Marchantia
RMRE2HW7–. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. CRYPTOGAMS 345 be taken in collecting specimens, as in their early stages the prothallia bear a strong resemblance to certain liverworts found in the same situa- tions. The best way is for each class to raise its own specimens by scat- tering the spores of a fern in a glass jar, on the bottom of which is a bed of moist sand or blotting paper. Cover the jar loosely with a sheet of glass and keep it moist and warm, and not in too bright a light. Spores of the sensitive ferns
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate III.—O. Schimperi (Bry. Eur. PI. 211). Figs. 3, 4 and 5—Leaves. Figs. 9, 10, 12 and 13—Capsules and peristome. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis, Mo. [etc. ] American Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2MB0/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-plate-iiio-schimperi-bry-eur-pi-211-figs-3-4-and-5leaves-figs-9-10-12-and-13capsules-and-peristome-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-grout-a-j-abel-joel-b-1867-smith-annie-morrill-jennings-otto-emery-1877-american-bryological-and-lichenological-society-american-bryological-society-st-louis-mo-etc-american-RH2MB0.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate III.—O. Schimperi (Bry. Eur. PI. 211). Figs. 3, 4 and 5—Leaves. Figs. 9, 10, 12 and 13—Capsules and peristome. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis, Mo. [etc. ] American Stock Photo")
RMRH2MB0–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Plate III.—O. Schimperi (Bry. Eur. PI. 211). Figs. 3, 4 and 5—Leaves. Figs. 9, 10, 12 and 13—Capsules and peristome. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryological Society. St. Louis, Mo. [etc. ] American
RMRDWPE7–. An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants. Plant anatomy; Plants. ANTHERIDIA OF MOSSES 279 In some Liverworts {e.g. Fegatella) the groups of antheridia are embedded in slightly thickened patches on the upper side of the thaUus (Fig. 146, D, a.). A rather exceptional condition obtains in Marchantia, wliere the thallus-lobe, in which the male organs are sunk, is raised above the general surface on a definite stalk (Fig. 146, F). Amongst the leafy forms the antheridia are situated, either singly or in groups, in the axils'of the leaves.. Fig. 153.—Vertical section through the
RMRD2KBJ–. Elementary botany. Botany. 72 PHYSIOLOGY. 169. Frullania.—In fig. 60 is shown another liverwort, which differs greatly in form from the ones we have just been studying in that there is a well-defined axis with lateral leaf-like outgrowths. Such liverworts are called foliose liverworts. Besides these two quite prominent rows of leaves there is a third row of poorly developed leaves on the under surface. Also from the under surface of the axis we see here and there slender out- growths, the r h i z o i d s, through which much Fig- 62 of the liquid Under side showing forked nutriment is under
RMRE0TBH–. Plants and their uses; an introduction to botany. Botany; Botany, Economic. 518 LIFE-HISTORIES. Fig. 341, I.—Umbrella-liverwort. Female plant (i), bearing archegonia- earriers (archegoiiiophores). (Atkinson.) tophyte develops from a spore in much the same waj^ as happens with the other liverworts described. P^ven more than in Riccia it is like the thallus of ColeooliKte, notably in possessing but a single chromatophorc in each cell, and in having no trace of pseudo-lea-'es (Fig. 343). The gametangia are completely emljedded in the thallus (Fig. 344). Tlie embryo (E) develops a somewhat expa
RMRH2NWC–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —77— the light brown layers of semi-decayed moss which lie above the peat proper retain great absorptive powers also. It is probable, however, that it was from the partly decayed material that the temporary dressing just mentioned was taken.. Sphagnum palustre e, epidermis; g, green cells containing chlorophyll; h, hoop-like bands, pores or openings into the reservoir cells; r, reservoir cell; /, thick-walled cells that constitute the wiry center ot the stem. Fig. s. Surface view of a portion of a leaf, x 300. Fig. 6. Part of a c
RMRH27YX–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 53 —. Plate VIII.—Trichodon tenuifolius (i) Plant, XI- (2) Leaf, X18. (3) Leaf-tip, X400. (4) Cross section leaf- vein, X400. (5) Cells of leaf-middle, X400. (6) Cells of leaf-base, X400. (7) Capsule, X 22.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Grout, A. J. (Abel Joel), b. 1867; Smith, Annie Morrill; Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877-; American Bryologic
RMRH2N1G–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. THE BRYOLOCIST A BIMONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS. ALSO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER OF THE AGGASIZ ASSOCIATION. 'Subscription Price, $1.00 per year. 20c. per copy. Four issues 1898, 35c. Four issues 1899, 35c. Together, eight issues, 50c. Four issues 1900, 500. Four issues 1901, 50c. Four Vols. $1.50. A blue pencil mark here indicates that your subscription has expired. ^hort articles and notes on mosses solicited h-oni all students of the mosses. Address tnann-
RMRDHBP9–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 43 thallus, from the floor of which arise green filaments (fig. 38). On the under side, also, are frequently found scale-like out- growths as in fig. 38, i. A part which shows constant differences between an upper (dorsal) and an under (ventral) side is said to be dorsiveniral.. Fig. 38 Fig. 39. Fig. 38.—Portion of a vertical section of the thallus of Lunnlaria cruciata. a, dor- sal, ^, ventral epidermis; c, an air-pore; e, air-chamber, from whose floor rise green filaments, d f. partition
![. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 52 — lb. Leaves slightly rough at apex; capsule inclined, ovoid, about 2-2.5 times as long as wide. Swartzia inclinata"^ Hedw.—Calif.; Mont, to Utah and Colo.; north- eastern N. Amer.. Plate VII.—Swartzia inclinata (i) Plant, XI. (2) Capsule, X22. 3. Trichodon Stem slender, 3-angled. Leaves not crowded, not 2-ranked, sheathing, reflexed, awned, serrulate. Calyptra cucullate. Seta slender. Capsule nar- rowly ovoid or cylindric, straight or slightly curved; lid conic-rostrate; peristome single; teeth 16, slender, papillose, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2808/the-bryologist-mosses-liverworts-lichens-botany-bryology-52-lb-leaves-slightly-rough-at-apex-capsule-inclined-ovoid-about-2-25-times-as-long-as-wide-swartzia-inclinataquot-hedwcalif-mont-to-utah-and-colo-north-eastern-n-amer-plate-viiswartzia-inclinata-i-plant-xi-2-capsule-x22-3-trichodon-stem-slender-3-angled-leaves-not-crowded-not-2-ranked-sheathing-reflexed-awned-serrulate-calyptra-cucullate-seta-slender-capsule-nar-rowly-ovoid-or-cylindric-straight-or-slightly-curved-lid-conic-rostrate-peristome-single-teeth-16-slender-papillose-RH2808.jpg ". The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 52 — lb. Leaves slightly rough at apex; capsule inclined, ovoid, about 2-2.5 times as long as wide. Swartzia inclinata"^ Hedw.—Calif.; Mont, to Utah and Colo.; north- eastern N. Amer.. Plate VII.—Swartzia inclinata (i) Plant, XI. (2) Capsule, X22. 3. Trichodon Stem slender, 3-angled. Leaves not crowded, not 2-ranked, sheathing, reflexed, awned, serrulate. Calyptra cucullate. Seta slender. Capsule nar- rowly ovoid or cylindric, straight or slightly curved; lid conic-rostrate; peristome single; teeth 16, slender, papillose, Stock Photo")
RMRH2808–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 52 — lb. Leaves slightly rough at apex; capsule inclined, ovoid, about 2-2.5 times as long as wide. Swartzia inclinata"^ Hedw.—Calif.; Mont, to Utah and Colo.; north- eastern N. Amer.. Plate VII.—Swartzia inclinata (i) Plant, XI. (2) Capsule, X22. 3. Trichodon Stem slender, 3-angled. Leaves not crowded, not 2-ranked, sheathing, reflexed, awned, serrulate. Calyptra cucullate. Seta slender. Capsule nar- rowly ovoid or cylindric, straight or slightly curved; lid conic-rostrate; peristome single; teeth 16, slender, papillose,
RMRH1FT4–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. VOLUME XX NUMBER 4 JULY, 1917. JOURNAL OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY Conducted and Published for the Society by O. E. JENNINGS, Ph.D., Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors ABEL JOEL GROUT, Ph.D. GEORGE N. BEST, M.D. JOHN M. HOLZINGER. M.S. ALEXANDER W. EVANS, Ph.D. LINCOLN W. RIDDLE, Ph.D. and the Advisory Board Officers of the Society CONTENTS. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectl
RMRH2MP1–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. - 46 - RADULA. Wm. C. Barbour.. Radula complanata. Dumort. A. Plant natural size. B. Branch with perianth and capsule. C. Leaf with gemmae. Also shows root-hairs from the lower lobe. D. Calyp- tra. E. Spores. Radula Dumort. Comm. Bot. 112. 1822. (Martinellius S. F. Gray. Stephanina O. Kuntze.) The members of the genus Radula somewhat resemble the Porellas in outward appearance, but are apt to lie more closely upon the substratum of bark, or sometimes rock. The plants are rather large, green, and form spreading mats. The stems usu
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