Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red ...

Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 813 

Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red List 

and a brief analysis 

Bryoflóra České republiky: aktualizace seznamu a červeného seznamu a stručná analýza 

Dedicated to the centenary of the Czech Botanical Society (1912–2012) 

Jan K u č e r a 1 , Jiří Vá ň a 2 & Zbyněk H r a d í l e k 3 

1 University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ–370 05 České 

Budějovice, Czech Republic, e-mail: kucera@prf.jcu.cz; 2 Charles University Prague, 

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Benátská 2, CZ–128 01 Prague 2, Czech 

Republic, e-mail: vana@natur.cuni.cz; 3 Palacký University Olomouc, Department of 

Botany, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic, 

e-mail: zbynek.hradilek@upol.cz. 

Kučera J., Váňa J. & Hradílek Z. (2012): Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist 

and Red List and a brief analysis. – Preslia 84: 813–850. 

The bryoflora of the Czech Republic is analysed using an updated version of the checklist that 

includes recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. In addition, the baseline data was completely 

revised using the IUCN 3.1 criteria. The main list includes 863 species of bryophytes (4 

hornworts, 207 liverworts and 652 mosses) with 5 additional subspecies and 23 generally recognized 

varieties; 9 additional species are listed as of doubtful taxonomic status and 17 other species 

are evaluated as of uncertain occurrence. Of the 892 taxa evaluated, 46% qualified for inclusion in 

Red List categories (40 taxa in category RE, 70 in CR, 88 in EN, 93 in VU, 66 in LR-nt, 24 in DD-va 

and 30 in DD), while 54% are considered Least Concern (LC). We discuss the taxonomic problems 

that influenced our decisions when compiling both the check- and Red Lists, try to identify the alien, 

invasive and spreading species of bryophytes, and touch upon several phytogeographic aspects, 

including the questions of relictness and bryophyte endemics in the Czech bryoflora. 

K e y w o r d s: central Europe, checklist, Czech Republic, endemics, relic, hornworts, liverworts, 

mosses, phytogeography, Red List 

Introduction 

The intensity with which the bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic has been studied since 

the end of 18th century has varied. Fortunately, the last 20 years is one of the periods of 

greatest bryological activity in the whole history of the states that existed at the territory of 

the current Czech Republic, which allows us to present a relatively complete checklist of 

species and assess their frequency of occurrence and list the threatened species categorized 

in terms of the potential threat to their survival. 

Two major versions of the bryophyte checklist for the territory of the Czech Republic 

have been published over the last 15 years – the first by Váňa (1997, 1998) and a second by 

Kučera & Váňa (2003), which was followed by an updated version in Czech (Kučera & 

Váňa 2005). The last two checklists include Red Lists of Czech bryophytes, evaluated 

using the IUCN criteria in the latest version 3.1 (IUCN 2001). We continue our practice of 

simultaneously publishing check- and Red Lists, as this is the only way of evaluating all 

currently known taxa against the Red List criteria and statistically determining the current 

level of threat to this country’s bryoflora.

814 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Methods 

For this compilation of an updated checklist, previous versions (Kučera & Váňa 2003, 

2005), which were based on extensive revisions of herbarium material of critical taxa, 

were used as a basis. With respect to nomenclature and taxonomic considerations, such as 

generic and specific concepts, we attempted to update our previous concepts in accordance 

with recent published results except for those cases for which the last published 

treatments still await a broader consensus (notably the moss order Hypnales and moss 

genera Bryum, Pohlia, Grimmia and Racomitrium). In the case of mosses, our treatment 

mostly follows the European checklist of Hill et al. (2006), with the eventual differences 

listed in the synonymy or to improve the understanding explicitly commented on. The differences 

from the last published complete European checklists of liverworts and hornworts 

(Grolle & Long 2000, Söderström et al. 2002) were more numerous as a consequence 

of recent major systematic rearrangements based on the latest molecular studies. 

The name changes of hepatics particularly affected the earlier wide delimitation of the 

genera Anastrophyllum, Jamesoniella, Jungermannia and Lophozia (Yatsentyuk et al. 

2004, de Roo et al. 2007, Konstantinova & Vilnet 2009, Feldberg et al. 2010a, 2010b, 

Vilnet et al. 2011, while the genus Apometzgeria is no longer recognized as different from 

Metzgeria (Fuselier et al. 2011), and some of the species of the earlier defined Marsupella 

were transferred to Gymnomitrion following the treatment by Váňa et al. (2010). In 

mosses, the changes in comparison with Hill et al. (2006) applied particularly to the 

generic delimitations of Amblystegiaceae, Calliergonaceae (Hedenäs & Rosborg 2009, 

Vanderpoorten & Hedenäs 2009, Hedenäs 2011) and Neckeraceae (Olsson et al. 2011) 

and in addition different generic concepts applied to Lescuraea, Hygrohypnum and 

Campylophyllum, following Ignatov et al. (2007), Polytrichastrum and Polytrichum (Bell 

& Hyvönen 2010), Dicranoweisia (Ochyra et al. 2003), Barbula (Köckinger & Kučera 

2011) and Tortula, which we understand to include Phascum and Protobryum. Other 

minor changes are commented on under individual taxa. For the ease of orientation, we 

have included cross-references (following the ⇒ sign) to generic names that differ from 

those used in the previous version and to the checklist of European mosses. 

Author citations are mostly those used in previous versions of our checklists, over 

which much effort was spent tracing the correct spelling in cases when the commonly used 

authoritative sources (Index Muscorum, Index Hepaticarum, Grolle & Long 2000, Ochyra 

et al. 2003) differed. We have newly adopted the convention of Hill et al. 2006 of not citing 

the pre-Hedwigian names validated by Hedwig (1801). One new combination is proposed 

below. 

The process by which we evaluated our taxa against the IUCN 3.1 criteria is described 

by Kučera & Váňa (2003). We continue to recognize the “Vanished” subcategory within 

Data Deficient taxa (DD-va), i.e. taxa not recorded for a long period of time (more than 

≈30 years) but with a realistic chance of being refound, rather than distributing them into 

other categories, and the ‘attention list’ as a subcategory of Least Concern taxa (LC-att), 

which we use for less well known taxa for which there is limited information on their current 

distribution and the potential threat to them. Such taxa need to be closely monitored in 

the future as they might either qualify for inclusion in the Red List in future versions of the 

checklist or might prove not to be threatened.

Kučera et al.: Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic 815 

Results 

Composition of the moss flora 

The bryoflora of the Czech Republic, based on present taxonomic concepts and current 

state of knowledge, contains 4 species of hornworts, 207 species of liverworts with two 

additional subspecific taxa and one additional variety, and 652 species of mosses with 3 

additional subspecific taxa and 23 additional varieties. The hornworts are attributed to 3 

genera, liverworts to 76 genera and mosses to 194 genera. Nine additional species are 

listed among the taxonomically problematic taxa, which occur or have been reported from 

the Czech Republic and 17 species and two additional infraspecific taxa that are reported 

but the records could not be verified based on the herbarium specimens. We were also able 

to exclude two additional historically reported species, in addition to 42 species excluded 

in previous versions of the checklist. 

Red List 

Of the 892 evaluated taxa, 411 (46%) qualified for Red Listing and included regionally 

extinct (RE), data deficient (DD) and lower risk (LR) taxa, while 480 taxa (54%) were 

evaluated as Least Concern and 120 of these are placed on the ‘attention list’. Forty taxa 

are now thought to be extinct and 24 others are regarded Data Deficient-Vanished (DDva). 

Thirty taxa are categorized as Data-Deficient in the strict sense (DD), i.e. those with 

existing recent records and 66 taxa are listed as Lower Risk-Near Threatened (LR-nt). 251 

taxa (28%) are regarded as threatened, of which 70 are in the highest, Critically Endangered 

(CR) category, 88 in the Endangered (EN) category and 93 are regarded as Vulnerable 

(VU). 

List of bryophyte taxa of the Czech Republic as of 2012 1 

(a) Accepted native and naturalized taxa 

Hornworts 

Anthoceros agrestis Paton LC 

Anthoceros neesii Prosk. EN [C1] 

Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) A. Gray CR [C2a(i)] 

Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk. LC 

Liverworts 

Anastrepta orcadensis (Hook.) Schiffn. LC-att 

⇒ Anastrophyllum p. pte. – see under Crossocalyx and Sphenolobus 

Anastrophyllum michauxii (F. Weber) H. Buch EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Aneura maxima (Schiffn.) Steph. LR-nt [D1] (annot. 1) 

Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. LC 

Anthelia julacea (L.) Dumort. VU [D2] 

Anthelia juratzkana (Limpr.) Trevis. CR [B1ab(iii, v)+2ab(iii, v), C2a(i, ii), D] 

⇒ Apometzgeria – see under Metzgeria 

⇒ Asterella p. pte. – see under Mannia 

Asterella saccata (Wahlenb.) A. Evans EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Barbilophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Loeske (Lophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Dumort.) LC 

Barbilophozia hatcheri (A. Evans) Loeske (Lophozia hatcheri (A. Evans) Steph.) LC

816 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Barbilophozia lycopodioides (Wallr.) Loeske (Lophozia lycopodioides (Wallr.) Cogn.) LC 

Bazzania flaccida (Dumort.) Grolle VU [C1; D1] 

Bazzania tricrenata (Wahlenb.) Lindb. LR-nt [C1] 

Bazzania trilobata (L.) Gray (incl. var. depauperata (Müll. Frib.) Grolle) LC 

Biantheridion undulifolium (Nees) Konst. et Vilnet (Jamesoniella undulifolia (Nees) Müll. Frib.) RE 

Blasia pusilla L. LC 

Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. LC – only var. trichophyllum 

Calypogeia azurea Stotler et Crotz LC 

Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi LR-nt [D1] 

Calypogeia integristipula Steph. LC 

Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffn.) Müll. Frib. LC 

Calypogeia neesiana (C. Massal. et Carestia) Müll. Frib. LC 

Calypogeia sphagnicola (Arnell et J. Perss.) Warnst. et Loeske LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); D1] (annot. 2) 

Calypogeia suecica (Arnell et J. Perss.) Müll. Frib. LR-nt [C1] 

Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. LC 

Cephalozia catenulata (Huebener) Lindb. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1] 

Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. LC 

Cephalozia lacinulata J. B. Jack ex Spruce RE 

Cephalozia leucantha Spruce LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1] 

Cephalozia loitlesbergeri Schiffn. VU [D1] 

Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dumort.) Dumort. LC 

Cephalozia macrostachya Kaal. VU [D1] 

Cephalozia pleniceps (Austin) Lindb. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); D1] 

Cephaloziella divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn. LC 

Cephaloziella elachista (J. B. Jack ex Gottsche et Rabenh.) Schiffn. EN [B1+2ab(iii, v); D1] 

Cephaloziella elegans (Heeg) Schiffn. CR [D1] 

Cephaloziella grimsulana (J. B. Jack ex Gottsche et Rabenh.) Lacout. EN [D1] 

Cephaloziella hampeana (Nees) Schiffn. LC-att 

Cephaloziella rubella (Nees) Warnst. LC 

Cephaloziella spinigera (Lindb.) Warnst. VU [D1] 

Cephaloziella stellulifera (Taylor ex Spruce) Schiffn. CR [D1] 

Chiloscyphus coadunatus (Sw.) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea coadunata (Sw.) Mont., Chiloscyphus 

latifolius (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust.) LC (annot. 3) 

1 

For the convenience of the readers, we briefly explain the abbreviations of the IUCN criteria used (IUCN 2001): 

Criterion A (only A2a used) – reduction in population size based on (subcriterion A2) an observed, estimated, 

inferred or suspected population size reduction of ≈30% (category VU) over the last 10 years or 3 generations, 

whichever is the longer, where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased or may not be understood or may 

not be reversible, based on (A2a) direct observation. 

Criterion B – geographic range in the form of either B1 (extent of occurrence) or B2 (area of occupancy) or 

both and estimates indicating at least two of the following: (B1/B2a) Severely fragmented or known to exist at 

only 1 (CR),


Chiloscyphus cuspidatus (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort., Lophocolea 

cuspidata (Nees) Limpr.) LC-att (annot. 3) 

Chiloscyphus minor (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea minor Nees) LC 

Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Dumort. (Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. pallescens (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) 

C. Hartm.) LC-att (annot. 3) 

Chiloscyphus polyanthos (L.) Corda LC 

Chiloscyphus profundus (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort.) LC 

Cladopodiella fluitans (Nees) H. Buch EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i); D1] 

Cladopodiella francisci (Hook.) H. Buch ex Jörg. CR [B2ab(v); C2a(i); D1] 

Cololejeunea calcarea (Lib.) Schiffn. VU [D1] 

Cololejeunea rossettiana (C. Massal.) Schiffn. VU [D1] 

Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. LC 

Conocephalum salebrosum Szweyk., Buczkowska et Odrzykoski LC (annot. 4) 

Crossocalyx hellerianus (Nees ex Lindenb.) Meyl. (Anastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees ex Lindenb.) R. M. 

Schust.) EN [B2ab(iv); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dumort. LC 

Diplophyllum obtusifolium (Hook.) Dumort. LC 

Diplophyllum taxifolium (Wahlenb.) Dumort. LC 

Endogemma caespiticia (Lindenb.) Konstant., Vilnet et A.V. Troitsky (Jungermannia caespiticia Lindenb.) LC-att 

Fossombronia angulosa (Dicks.) Raddi RE 

Fossombronia foveolata Lindb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Fossombronia pusilla (L.) Nees DD-va 

Fossombronia wondraczekii (Corda) Lindb. LC 

Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort. LC 

Frullania fragilifolia (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. et Nees CR [C2a(i); D1] 

Frullania inflata Gottsche EN [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i); D] 

Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort. LR-nt [C1] 

Geocalyx graveolens (Schrad.) Nees VU [D1] 

Gymnocolea inflata (Huds.) Dumort. LC 

Gymnomitrion adustum Nees (Marsupella adusta (Nees) Spruce) RE 

Gymnomitrion alpinum (Gottsche ex Husn.) Schiffn. (Marsupella alpina (Gottsche ex Husn.) Bernet) EN [D1] 

Gymnomitrion brevissimum (Schleich. ex Dumort.) Warnst. (Marsupella brevissima (Dumort.) Grolle) RE 

Gymnomitrion concinnatum (Lightf.) Corda LC-att 

Gymnomitrion corallioides Nees CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i); D1] 

Gymnomitrion obtusum Lindb. RE 

Haplomitrium hookeri (Sm.) Nees CR [B1+2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Harpanthus flotovianus (Nees) Nees VU [C2a(i)] 

Harpanthus scutatus (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Spruce EN [C2a(i)] 

Heterogemma capitata (Hook.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia capitata (Hook.) Macoun) VU [D1+D2] 

Hygrobiella laxifolia (Hook.) Spruce VU [D2] 

Isopaches bicrenatus (Schmidel ex Hoffm.) H. Buch (Lophozia bicrenata (Schmidel ex Hoffm.) Dumort.) LR-nt [D1] 

⇒ Jamesoniella – see under Biantheridion and Syzygiella 

⇒ Jungermannia p. pte. – see under Endogemma, Liochlaena and Solenostoma 

Jungermannia atrovirens Dumort. VU [D1+D2] 

Jungermannia pumila With. LR-nt [D1] 

Kurzia pauciflora (Dicks.) Grolle VU [D1] 

Kurzia sylvatica (A. Evans) Grolle LC-att 

Kurzia trichoclados (Müll. Frib.) Grolle EN [C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Leiocolea badensis (Gottsche) Jörg. (Lophozia badensis (Gottsche) Schiffn.) VU [D2] 

Leiocolea bantriensis (Hook.) Jörg. (Lophozia bantriensis (Hook.) Steph.) LC 

Leiocolea heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) H. Buch (Lophozia heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) M. Howe) CR 

[B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

⇒ Lejeunea p. pte. – see under Microlejeunea 

Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb. LC 

Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. LC 

Liochlaena lanceolata Nees (Jungermannia leiantha Grolle) LR-nt [D1] 

Liochlaena subulata (A. Evans) Schljakov (Jungermannia subulata A. Evans) CR [B2ab(v); C2a(i); D1]

818 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

⇒ Lophozia p. pte. – see under Barbilophozia, Heterogemma, Isopaches, Leiocolea, Lophoziopsis, Obtusifolium, 

Orthocaulis, Pseudolophozia, Schistochilopsis, Schljakovia and Schljakovianthus 

⇒ Lophocolea – see under Chiloscyphus 

Lophozia ascendens (Warnst.) R. M. Schust. EN [C2a(i); D1] 

Lophozia guttulata (Lindb.) A. Evans (Lophozia longiflora auct.) LC (annot. 5) 

Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. 

var. ventricosa LC 

var. silvicola (H. Buch) E. W. Jones LC-att 

Lophozia wenzelii (Nees) Steph. CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Lophoziopsis excisa (Dicks.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort.) LC-att 

Lophoziopsis longidens (Lindb.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia longidens (Lindb.) Macoun) LR-nt [D1] 

Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. LC 

Mannia fragrans (Balbis) Frye et L. Clark LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1] 

Mannia gracilis (F. Weber) Schill et D. G. Long (Asterella gracilis (F. Weber) Underw.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle CR [B1ab(iii, v)+2ab(iii, v), C2a(i, ii), D] 

Marchantia polymorpha L. 

subsp. polymorpha LC 

subsp. montivagans Bischl. et Boisselier LC-att 

subsp. ruderalis Bischl. et Boisselier LC 

⇒ Marsupella p. pte. – see under Gymnomitrion 

Marsupella aquatica (Lindenb.) Schiffn. (Marsupella emarginata var. aquatica (Lindenb). Dumort.) LC 

Marsupella emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. LC 

Marsupella funckii (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Dumort. LR-nt [D1] 

Marsupella sparsifolia (Lindb.) Dumort. CR [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

Marsupella sphacelata (Gieseke ex Lindenb.) Dumort. LC 

Marsupella sprucei (Limpr.) Bernet EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. LC 

Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort. LC 

Metzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Raddi (Apometzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Kuwah.) LC-att 

Metzgeria violacea (Ach.) Dumort. VU [D1] 

Microlejeunea ulicina (Taylor) A. Evans (Lejeunea ulicina (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. et Nees) CR [D1] (annot. 6) 

Moerckia blyttii (Moerch) Brockm. EN [C2a(i)] 

Moerckia flotoviana (Nees) Schiffn. CR [C2a(i); D1] (annot. 7) 

Mylia anomala (Hook.) Gray (Leiomylia anomala (Hook.) J. J. Engel et Braggins) LC 

Mylia taylorii (Hook.) Gray LC 

Nardia compressa (Hook.) Gray VU [D2] 

Nardia geoscyphus (De Not.) Lindb. LC 

Nardia insecta Lindb. DD-va 

Nardia scalaris Gray LC 

Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. LC-att 

Obtusifolium obtusum (Lindb.) S. W. Arnell (Lophozia obtusa (Lindb.) A. Evans) EN [C2a(i)] 

Odontoschisma denudatum (Mart.) Dumort. LC-att 

Odontoschisma sphagni (Dicks.) Dumort. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Orthocaulis atlanticus (Kaal.) H. Buch (Lophozia atlantica (Kaal.) Müll. Frib., Barbilophozia atlantica (Kaal.) 

Müll. Frib.) RE 

Orthocaulis attenuatus (Mart.) A. Evans (Lophozia attenuata (Mart.) Dumort., Neoorthocaulis attenuatus 

(Mart.) L. Söderstr., Roo et Hedd., Barbilophozia attenuata (Mart.) Loeske) LC 

Orthocaulis floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) H. Buch (Lophozia floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schiffn., 

Neoorthocaulis floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) H. Buch, Barbilophozia floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) 

Loeske) LC 

Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sérgio et Sim-Sim EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. RE 

Pedinophyllum interruptum (Nees) Kaal. LC-att 

Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. LC 

Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda LC 

Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. LC 

Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Dumort. LC


Plagiochila porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Lindenb. LC 

Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle LR-nt [A2(a); C1+C2a(i); D1] 

Porella cordaeana (Huebener) Moore LR-nt [C1+C2a(i); D1] 

Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. LC 

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees LC 

Pseudolophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) Grolle, 

Barbilophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) L. Söderstr., Roo et Hedd.) LC 

Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe LC 

Ptilidium pulcherrimum (G. Weber) Vainio LC 

Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. LC 

Radula lindenbergiana Gottsche ex C. Hartm. VU [D2] 

Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi LR-nt [C1; D1] 

Riccardia chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle VU [B2ab(iii, v); D1] 

Riccardia incurvata Lindb. VU [B2ab(iii, v); D1] 

Riccardia latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb. LC-att 

Riccardia multifida (L.) Gray LC-att 

Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth. LC-att 

Riccia bifurca Hoffm. LC-att 

Riccia canaliculata Hoffm. DD-va 

Riccia cavernosa Hoffm. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2b] 

Riccia ciliata Hoffm. (R. crinita Taylor, R. canescens Steph., R. trichocarpa M. Howe) LR-nt [C2a(i)] (annot. 8) 

Riccia ciliifera Link ex Lindenb. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Riccia fluitans L. LC 

Riccia glauca L. LC 

Riccia huebeneriana Lindenb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2a(i)] 

Riccia papillosa Moris CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Riccia rhenana Lorb. ex Müll. Frib. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Riccia sorocarpa Bisch. LC 

Riccia warnstorfii Limpr. ex Warnst. VU [C2a(i)] 

Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2b] 

Scapania aequiloba (Schwägr.) Dumort. LR-nt [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Scapania apiculata Spruce CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)] (annot. 9) 

Scapania aspera Bernet et M. Bernet VU [B2ab(iv, v); D1] 

Scapania calcicola (Arnell et J. Perss.) Ingham EN [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Scapania carinthiaca J.B. Jack ex Lindb. (only in var. massalongoi Müll. Frib.) RE 

Scapania compacta (A. Roth) Dumort. DD-va 

Scapania curta (Mart.) Dumort. LC 

Scapania cuspiduligera (Nees) Müll. Frib. VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i); D1] 

Scapania gymnostomophila Kaal. EN [C2a(i); D1] 

Scapania helvetica Gottsche CR [C2a(i)] 

Scapania irrigua (Nees) Nees LC 

Scapania lingulata H. Buch EN [D1] 

Scapania mucronata H. Buch DD 

Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle LC 

Scapania paludicola Loeske et Müll. Frib. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); D1] 

Scapania paludosa (Müll. Frib.) Müll. Frib. VU [D1] 

Scapania parvifolia Warnst. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Scapania praetervisa Meyl. VU [B2ab(iii); D1] 

Scapania scandica (Arnell et H. Buch) Macvicar DD 

Scapania subalpina (Nees ex Lindenb.) Dumort. LR-nt [D1] 

Scapania uliginosa (Sw. ex Lindenb.) Dumort. LC 

Scapania umbrosa (Schrad.) Dumort. LC 

Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort. LC 

Schistochilopsis grandiretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Konst. (Lophozia grandiretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Schiffn.) VU 

[B2ab(v)] 

Schistochilopsis incisa (Schrad.) Konst. (Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort.) LC 

Schistochilopsis opacifolia (Culm. ex Meyl.) Konst. (Lophozia opacifolia Culm. ex Meyl.) DD-va

820 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Schljakovia kunzeana (Huebener) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia kunzeana (Huebener) A. Evans, Barbilophozia 

kunzeana (Huebener) Müll. Frib., Orthocaulis kunzeanus (Huebener) H. Buch) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, c; C2a(i); D1] 

Schljakovianthus quadrilobus (Lindb.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia quadriloba (Lindb.) A. Evans, Barbilophozia 

quadriloba (Lindb.) Loeske) EN [B2ab(iii)] 

Solenostoma confertissimum (Nees) Schljakov (Jungermannia confertissima Nees) VU [D1+D2] 

Solenostoma gracillimum (Mitt.) R. M. Schust. (Jungermannia gracillima Sm.) LC 

Solenostoma hyalinum (Lyell) Mitt. (Jungermannia hyalina Lyell) LR-nt [D1] 

Solenostoma obovatum (Nees) C. Massal. (Jungermannia obovata Nees) LC 

Solenostoma sphaerocarpum (Hook.) Steph. (Jungermannia sphaerocarpa Hook.) LC 

Solenostoma subellipticum (Lindb. ex Kaal.) R. M. Schust. (Jungermannia subelliptica (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Levier) 

VU [D1] 

Sphenolobus minutus (Schreb.) Berggr. (Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb.) R. M. Schust.) LC – only in var. 

weberi (Mart.) Schiffn. 

Sphenolobus saxicola (Schrad.) Steph. (Anastrophyllum saxicola (Schrad.) R. M. Schust.) VU [D2] 

Syzygiella autumnalis (DC.) Feldberg, Váňa, Hentschel et Heinrichs (Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph.) VU 

[B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Targionia hypophylla L. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i); D1] 

Tetralophozia setiformis (Ehrh.) Schljakov VU [D2] 

Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort. LC-att 

Tritomaria exsecta (Schmidel) Schiffn. ex Loeske LC 

Tritomaria exsectiformis (Breidl.) Schiffn. ex Loeske LC-att 

Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) H. Buch LC 

Mosses 

Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 

var. abietina LC 

var. hystricosa (Mitt.) Sakurai (Thuidium abietinum var. hystricosum (Mitt.) Loeske et Lande) DD 

Acaulon muticum (Hedw.) Müll. Hal. LC-att 

Acaulon triquetrum (Spruce) Müll. Hal. VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

Alleniella besseri (Lobarzewski) S. Olsson, Enroth et D. Quandt (Neckera besseri (Lobarzewski) Jur.) LC 

Alleniella complanata (Hedw.) S. Olsson, Enroth et D. Quandt (Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener) LC 

Aloina aloides (Koch ex Schultz) Kindb. 

var. aloides DD-va 

var. ambigua (Bruch et Schimp.) E. J. Craig (Aloina ambigua (Bruch et Schimp.) Limpr.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Aloina brevirostris (Hook. et Grev.) Kindb. CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i, ii)+C2b] 

Aloina obliquifolia (Müll. Hal.) Broth. LC 

Aloina rigida (Hedw.) Limpr. LC 

Amblyodon dealbatus (Hedw.) P. Beauv. CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

⇒ Amblystegium p. pte. – see under Hygroamblystegium, Pseudoamblystegium, Pseudocampylium and Serpoleskea 

Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Amphidium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Amphidium mougeotii (Bruch et Schimp.) Schimp. LC 

Anacamptodon splachnoides (Froel. ex Brid.) Brid. EN [C2a(i)] 

Andreaea crassinervia Bruch CR [B1+2ab(iii, v)] 

Andreaea frigida Huebener CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] 

Andreaea rothii F. Weber et D. Mohr 

subsp. rothii EN [B2ab(iv, v); C1+C2a(i)] 

subsp. falcata (Schimp.) Lindb. LC-att 

Andreaea rupestris Hedw. LC – only in var. rupestris. 

Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. EN [B1+2ab(v); C2a(ii)] 

Anomobryum concinnatum (Spruce) Lindb. (Anomobryum julaceum var. concinnatum (Spruce) J. E. Zetterst.) 

CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] 

Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener LC 

Anomodon longifolius (Schleich. ex Brid.) Hartm. LC 

Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. DD-va 

Anomodon rugelii (Müll. Hal.) Keissl. VU [B1+2ab(iii)]


Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. et Taylor LC 

Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. LC-att 

Archidium alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. CR [B2ab(iii, v)] 

Arctoa fulvella (Dicks.) Bruch et Schimp. RE 

Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iv); C2a(i)] 

Atrichum flavisetum Mitt. (Atrichum undulatum var. gracilisetum Besch.) DD 

Atrichum tenellum (Röhl.) Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC 

Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwägr. LC 

Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. LC 

⇒ Barbula p. pte. – see under Streblotrichum 

Barbula crocea (Brid.) F. Weber et D. Mohr) CR [C2a(i)] (annot. 10) 

Barbula unguiculata Hedw. LC 

Bartramia halleriana Hedw. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. LC-att 

Bartramia pomiformis Hedw. LC 

Blindia acuta (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC 

Brachydontium trichodes (F. Weber) Milde LC-att 

Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachythecium velutinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC 

⇒ Brachythecium p. pte. – see under Brachytheciastrum and Sciuro-hypnum 

Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Brachythecium campestre (Müll. Hal.) Schimp. LC-att 

Brachythecium capillaceum (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Giacom. DD-va 

Brachythecium geheebii Milde EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. LC 

Brachythecium laetum (Brid.) Schimp. EN [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Brachythecium mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. LC-att – only in var. mildeanum 

Brachythecium rivulare Schimp. LC 

Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC – only in var. rutabulum 

Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoffm. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. LC 

Brachythecium tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Ignatov et Huttunen (Cirriphyllum tommasinii (Sendt. ex 

Boulay) Grout) 

var. tommasinii LC 

var. fagineum (H. Müll. ex Milde) Jan Kučera, comb. nova. Basionym: Eurhynchium vaucheri var. fagineum 

H. Müll. ex Milde, Bryologia Silesiaca 304. 1869. (Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis (Spruce) Kartt., 

Eurhynchium germanicum Grebe) CR [B1+2ab(iii, v)] (annot. 11) 

Breidleria pratensis (W. D. J. Koch ex Spruce) Loeske (Hypnum pratense W. D. J. Koch ex Spruce) LC-att 

Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens (Stirt.) Giacom. LC-att 

Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P. C. Chen LC 

Bryum algovicum Sendtn. ex Müll. Hal. DD-va 

Bryum alpinum Huds. ex With. LR-nt [C1] 

Bryum archangelicum Bruch et Schimp. (Bryum imbricatum (Schwägr.) Bruch et Schimp.) EN [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Bryum argenteum Hedw. LC 

Bryum boreale (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Funck (Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwägr., Ptychostomum boreale 

(F. Weber et D. Mohr) Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra, Bryum lonchocaulon Müll. Hal., Bryum cirrhatum 

Hoppe et Hornsch., hom. illeg.) LC (annot. 12) 

Bryum caespiticium Hedw. LC 

Bryum capillare Hedw. LC 

Bryum creberrimum Taylor EN [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Bryum cyclophyllum (Schwägr.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, v)c(iii, iv); C2a(i)] 

Bryum dichotomum Hedw. (Bryum bicolor Dicks.) LC 

Bryum elegans Nees LR-nt [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Bryum funkii Schwägr. (‘funckii’ auct.) DD 

Bryum gemmiferum R. Wilczek et Demaret LC-att (annot. 13) 

Bryum intermedium (Brid.) Blandow CR [B2ab(v)] 

Bryum klinggraeffii Schimp. LC 

Bryum kunzei Hoppe et Hornsch. DD

822 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Bryum longisetum Blandow ex Schwägr. RE 

Bryum mildeanum Jur. VU [D1+D2] 

Bryum moravicum Podp. (Bryum laevifilum Syed) LC 

Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [D2] 

Bryum pallens Sw. ex Anon. LC 

Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb. 

var. pseudotriquetrum LC 

var. bimum (Schreb.) Lilj. (Bryum bimum (Schreb.) Turner) LC-att 

var. neodamense (Itzigs.) Buse (Bryum neodamense Itzigs.) RE (annot. 14) 

Bryum radiculosum Brid. LC-att 

Bryum rubens Mitt. LC 

Bryum ruderale Crundw. et Nyholm DD 

Bryum sauteri Bruch et Schimp. DD 

Bryum schleicheri Schwägr. CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(ii)] 

Bryum subapiculatum Hampe LC 

Bryum tenuisetum Limpr. DD 

Bryum torquescens Bruch et Schimp. DD 

Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i); D1] 

Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [C2a(i)] 

Bryum violaceum Crundw. et Nyholm LC 

Bryum weigelii Spreng. LC-att 

Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. LR-nt [C1+C2a(i)] 

Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. et DC.) Brid. ex Moug. et Nestl. VU [C2a(i)] 

Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) H. A. Crum VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. LC 

Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Calliergon megalophyllum Mikut. RE 

Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske LC 

Calliergonella lindbergii (Mitt.) Hedenäs LC 

Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus (Brid.) R. S. Chopra LC 

Campyliadelphus elodes (Lindb.) Kanda DD-va 

Campylidium calcareum (Crundw. et Nyholm) Ochyra (Campylophyllum calcareum (Crundw. et Nyholm) 

Hedenäs) LC-att 

Campylidium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra (Campylophyllum sommerfeltii (Myrin) Hedenäs) LC-att (annot. 15) 

Campylium protensum (Brid.) Kindb. LC-att 

Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) Lange et C. E. O. Jensen LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

⇒ Campylophyllum p. pte. – see under Campylidium 

Campylophyllum halleri (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. EN [B2ab(iii, v)] 

Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Campylopus fragilis (Brid.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att 

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. LC-att 

Campylopus subulatus Schimp. ex Milde VU [D1+D2] 

Campylostelium saxicola (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. LC – only on subsp. purpureus 

Cinclidotus aquaticus (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. RE 

Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Cinclidotus riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn. VU [D2] 

⇒ Cirriphyllum p. pte. – see under Brachythecium 

Cirriphyllum crassinervium (Taylor) Loeske et M. Fleisch. (Eurhynchium crassinervium (Taylor) Schimp.) LC 

Cirriphyllum piliferum (Hedw.) Grout LC 

Cleistocarpidium palustre (Bruch et Schimp.) Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra VU [B2ab(iii, iv); C2a(i)] 

Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F. Weber et D. Mohr LC 

Conardia compacta (Müll. Hal.) H. Rob. EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

Coscinodon cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce LC 

Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce LC 

Crossidium squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. (incl. var. pottioideum (De Not.) Mönk.) CR [B2ab(iii, v)]


Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. LC 

Cynodontium bruntonii (Sm.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att 

Cynodontium gracilescens (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. VU [D2] 

Cynodontium polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Cynodontium strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. LC 

Cynodontium tenellum (Schimp.) Limpr. VU [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Dichelyma falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin DD-va 

Dichodontium palustre (Dicks.) M. Stech LC-att 

Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Dicranella cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Dicranella crispa (Hedw.) Schimp. DD-va 

Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Dicranella humilis R. Ruthe VU [D1+D2] 

Dicranella rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp. LC 

Dicranella schreberiana (Hedw.) Dixon LC 

Dicranella staphylina H. Whitehouse LC 

Dicranella subulata (Hedw.) Schimp. VU [C2a(i)] 

Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Dicranodontium asperulum (Mitt.) Broth. LR-nt [B2ab(v); C1+C2a(i)] 

Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E. Britton LC 

Dicranodontium uncinatum (Harv.) A. Jaeger EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

⇒ Dicranoweisia p. pte. – see under Hymenoloma 

Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. LC 

Dicranum bonjeanii De Not. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1] 

Dicranum elongatum Schleich. ex Schwägr. EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Dicranum flagellare Hedw. LC-att 

Dicranum flexicaule Brid. LC 

Dicranum fulvum Hook. LC-att 

Dicranum fuscescens Sm. LC 

Dicranum majus Sm. VU [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+2a(i)] 

Dicranum montanum Hedw. LC 

Dicranum muehlenbeckii Bruch et Schimp. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(ii)] 

Dicranum polysetum Sw. ex Anon. LC 

Dicranum scoparium Hedw. LC 

Dicranum spadiceum J. E. Zetterst. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i, ii)] 

Dicranum spurium Hedw. LC-att 

Dicranum tauricum Sapjegin LC 

Dicranum undulatum Schrad. ex Brid. LC-att 

Dicranum viride (Sull. et Lesq.) Lindb. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Didymodon acutus (Brid.) K. Saito LC-att 

Didymodon cordatus Jur. VU [B2ab(iii)] 

Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) R. H. Zander LC 

Didymodon ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M. O. Hill LC 

Didymodon glaucus Ryan VU [C1+C2a(i)] 

Didymodon insulanus (De Not.) M. O. Hill LC 

Didymodon luridus Hornsch. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. LC 

Didymodon sinuosus (Mitt.) Delogne VU [C2a(i)] 

Didymodon spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1] 

Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa LC-att 

Didymodon umbrosus (Müll. Hal.) R. H. Zander (Didymodon australasiae var. umbrosus (Müll. Hal.) R. H. 

Zander) NE (alien; annot. 16) 

Didymodon validus Limpr. (Didymodon rigidulus var. validus (Limpr.) Düll) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] (annot. 17) 

Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) R. H. Zander EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

Diphyscium foliosum (Hedw.) D. Mohr LC-att 

Discelium nudum (Dicks.) Brid. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC

824 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Distichium inclinatum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Ditrichum flexicaule (Schwägr.) Hampe LC 

Ditrichum gracile (Mitt.) Kuntze LC-att 

Ditrichum heteromallum (Hedw.) E. Britton LC 

Ditrichum lineare (Sw.) Lindb. LC-att 

Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe LC-att 

Ditrichum zonatum (Brid.) Kindb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Drepanocladus polycarpos (Blandow ex Voit) Warnst.) LC 

Drepanocladus longifolius (Mitt.) Paris (Drepanocladus capillifolius (Warnst.) Warnst.) DD-va 

Drepanocladus lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst. (Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs) RE 

Drepanocladus polygamus (Schimp.) Hedenäs VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Drepanocladus sendtneri (Schimp. ex H. Müll.) Warnst. CR [B2ab(iii, v)] 

Drepanocladus sordidus (Müll. Hal.) Hedenäs RE 

Drepanocladus trifarius (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Broth. ex Paris (Pseudocalliergon trifarium (F. Weber et D. 

Mohr) Loeske) CR [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] 

Encalypta affinis R. Hedw. RE 

Encalypta ciliata Hedw. VU [C2a(i)] 

Encalypta rhaptocarpa Schwägr. (annot. 18) 

var. rhaptocarpa EN 

var. leptodon Lindb. (Encalypta trachymitria Ripart) DD 

var. spathulata (Müll. Hal.) Husn. (Encalypta spathulata Müll. Hal.) DD-va 

Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. LC 

Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. LC 

Entodon concinnus (De Not.) Paris LC-att 

Entodon schleicheri (Schimp.) Demet. DD 

Entosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll. Hal. VU [C2a(i)] 

Entosthodon muhlenbergii (Turner) Fife (Funaria muhlenbergii Turner) CR [B1+2ab(iii)c(iv)] 

Entosthodon pulchellus (H. Philib.) Brugués (Funaria pulchella H. Philib.) EN [B1+2ab(iii)c(iii, iv); C2a(i)] 

(annot. 19) 

Ephemerum cohaerens (Hedw.) Hampe DD-va 

Ephemerum minutissimum Lindb. LC 

Ephemerum recurvifolium (Dicks.) Boulay VU [B2ab(iii)c(iii); C2a(i)] 

Ephemerum serratum (Hedw.) Hampe DD 

Eucladium verticillatum (With.) Bruch et Schimp. LC 

Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn.) LC-att 

⇒ Eurhynchium p. pte. – see under Cirriphyllum, Eurhynchiastrum, Kindbergia, Microeurhynchium, 

Oxyrrhynchium, Plasteurhynchium, and Sciuro-hypnum 

Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T. J. Kop. LC 

Eurhynchium striatum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC-att 

Exsertotheca crispa (Hedw.) S. Olsson, Enroth et D. Quandt (Neckera crispa Hedw.) LC 

Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. LC-att 

Fissidens arnoldii R. Ruthe EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2a(i, ii)] 

Fissidens bambergeri Milde EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] (annot. 20) 

Fissidens bryoides Hedw. LC – only in var. bryoides 

Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch et Schimp. DD-va – only in subsp. crassipes 

Fissidens dubius P. Beauv. 

var. dubius LC 

var. mucronatus (Breidl. ex Limpr.) Kartt., Hedenäs et L. Söderstr. LC 

Fissidens exilis Hedw. LC 

Fissidens fontanus (Bach. Pyl.) Steud. (Octodiceras fontanum (Bach. Pyl.) Lindb.) LR-nt [B2ab(iii)] 

Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. et Nyholm LC 

Fissidens gymnandrus Buse LC 

Fissidens limbatus Sull. DD (annot. 21) 

Fissidens osmundoides Hedw. LC-att 

Fissidens pusillus (Wilson) Milde LC-att 

Fissidens rufulus Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [B2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)]


Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. LC – only in subsp. taxifolius 

Fissidens viridulus (Sw. ex Anon.) Wahlenb. 

var. viridulus LC 

var. incurvus (Starke ex Röhl.) Waldh. (Fissidens incurvus Starke ex Röhl.) LC-att 

Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. LC (annot. 22) 

Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm. EN [B2ab(iii)] – only in var. hypnoides 

Fontinalis squamosa Hedw. LC 

⇒ Funaria p. pte. – see under Entosthodon 

Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. LC 

Grimmia alpestris (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schleich. VU 

Grimmia anodon Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Grimmia anomala Hampe ex Schimp. VU [D2] 

Grimmia atrata Miel. ex Hornsch. VU [D2] 

Grimmia caespiticia (Brid.) Jur. DD 

Grimmia crinita Brid. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Grimmia dissimulata E. Maier DD (annot. 23) 

Grimmia donniana Sm. LC 

Grimmia elatior Bruch ex Bals.-Criv. et De Not. CR [B2ab(iii, v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Grimmia elongata Kaulf. LR-nt [D2] 

Grimmia funalis (Schwägr.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att 

Grimmia hartmanii Schimp. LC 

Grimmia incurva Schwägr. LC 

Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. LC 

Grimmia longirostris Hook. LC 

Grimmia montana Bruch et Schimp. LC-att 

Grimmia muehlenbeckii Schimp. LC 

Grimmia orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson LC-att 

Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. LC 

Grimmia plagiopodia Hedw. RE 

Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. LC 

Grimmia ramondii (Lam. et DC.) Margad. LC-att 

Grimmia sessitana De Not. (Grimmia reflexidens Müll. Hal. fide Muñoz (1998)) VU [D2] 

Grimmia teretinervis Limpr. CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Grimmia tergestina Tomm. ex Bruch et Schimp. LC-att 

Grimmia torquata Hook. ex Drumm. VU [C2a(i)] 

Grimmia trichophylla Grev. LC-att 

Grimmia unicolor Hook. RE 

Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm. LC – only in var. aeruginosum 

Gymnostomum calcareum Nees et Hornsch. DD 

Gymnostomum viridulum Brid. VU [C2a(i)] 

Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp. VU [C2a(i)] 

Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs VU [A2(a); B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (incl. var. leucophaea Bruch et Schimp.) LC 

Hedwigia stellata Hedenäs DD 

Helodium blandowii (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Warnst. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Hennediella heimii (Hedw.) R. H. Zander DD-va – only in var. heimii 

Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LC 

Herzogiella striatella (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LR-nt [D2] 

Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp. LR-nt [B2ab(iii)] 

Heterocladium heteropterum (Brid.) Schimp. LC 

Hilpertia velenovskyi (Schiffn.) R. H. Zander CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(ii)] 

Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob. (incl. var. fallax H. Philib. ex Schimp.) LC 

Homalothecium philippeanum (Spruce) Schimp. LC 

Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Homomallium incurvatum (Schrad. ex Brid.) Loeske LC 

Hookeria lucens (Hedw.) Sm. LR-nt [B2ab(iii)]

826 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Hygroamblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC (annot. 24) 

Hygroamblystegium humile (P. Beauv.) Vanderp., Goffinet et Hedenäs (Amblystegium humile (P. Beauv.) 

Crundw.) LC-att 

Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. (Amblystegium tenax (Hedw.) C. E. O. Jensen) LC-att 

Hygroamblystegium varium (Hedw.) Mönk. (Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb.) LC 

Hygrohypnella ochracea (Turner ex Wilson) Ignatov et Ignatova (Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Turner ex Wilson) 

Loeske) LC 

⇒ Hygrohypnum p. pte. – see under Hygrohypnella and Ochyraea 

Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. LC 

Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum (Spruce) M. Fleisch. (Hylocomium pyrenaicum (Spruce) Lindb.) VU [B1+2ab(iii)] 

Hylocomiastrum umbratum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (Hylocomium umbratum ([Ehrh. ex] Hedw.) Schimp.) LC-att 

⇒ Hylocomium p. pte. – see under Hylocomiastrum and Loeskeobryum 

Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Hymenoloma crispulum (Hedw.) Ochyra (Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Milde) LC 

Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon VU [C2a(i)] – only in var. recurvirostrum 

⇒ Hypnum p. pte. – see under Breidleria 

Hypnum andoi A. J. E. Sm. LC 

Hypnum callichroum Brid. EN [C2a(i)] 

Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. (annot. 25) 

var. cupressiforme LC 

var. filiforme Brid. LC 

var. heseleri (Ando et Higuchi) M. O. Hill (Hypnum heseleri Ando et Higuchi) DD (annot. 26) 

var. lacunosum Brid. LC 

var. subjulaceum Molendo LR-nt [D1] 

Hypnum fertile Sendtn. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Hypnum imponens Hedw. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Hypnum jutlandicum Holmen et E. Warncke LC 

Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC-att 

Hypnum recurvatum (Lindb. et Arnell) Kindb. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. RE – only in var. dolomiticum (Milde) Mönk. 

Hypnum sauteri Schimp. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Hypnum vaucheri Lesq. LC-att 

Isopterygiopsis muelleriana (Schimp.) Z. Iwats. CR 

Isopterygiopsis pulchella (Hedw.) Z. Iwats. CR 

Isothecium alopecuroides (Lam. ex Dubois) Isov. LC 

Isothecium myosuroides Brid. LC-att – only in var. myosuroides 

Kiaeria blyttii (Bruch et Schimp.) Broth. LC 

Kiaeria falcata (Hedw.) I. Hagen EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i)] 

Kiaeria glacialis (Berggr.) I. Hagen RE 

Kiaeria starkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) I. Hagen LC 

Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra (Eurhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC 

Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson LC 

Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. LC 

Lescuraea incurvata (Hedw.) E. Lawton (Pseudoleskea incurvata (Hedw.) Loeske) LC 

Lescuraea mutabilis (Brid.) Lindb. ex I. Hagen EN [C2a(i)] 

Lescuraea patens Lindb. (Pseudoleskea patens (Lindb.) Kindb.) EN [C2a(i); D1] 

Lescuraea plicata (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Lindb. (Ptychodium plicatum (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. 

Mohr) Schimp.) EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Lescuraea radicosa (Mitt.) Mönk. (Pseudoleskea radicosa (Mitt.) Macoun et Kindb.) EN [B1+2ab(iv, v); C2a(i); D1] 

Lescuraea saxicola (Schimp.) Molendo DD-va 

Leskea polycarpa Hedw. LC 

Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. LC 

Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. LC (annot. 27) 

Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. LC – only in var. sciuroides 

Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Brid.) M. Fleisch. (Hylocomium brevirostre (Brid.) Schimp.) LR-nt [D2] 

Meesia longiseta Hedw. RE 

Meesia triquetra (L. ex Jolycl.) Ångstr. CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i)]


Meesia uliginosa Hedw. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1] 

⇒ Metaneckera – see under Neckera 

Microbryum curvicollum (Hedw.) R. H. Zander (‘curvicolle’ auct.) LC-att 

Microbryum davallianum (Sm.) R. H. Zander 

var. davallianum VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

var. conicum (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) R. H. Zander CR [B2ab(iii)] 

Microbryum floerkeanum (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. VU [C1+C2a(i)] 

Microbryum starckeanum (Hedw.) R. H. Zander DD-va 

Microeurhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Ignatov et Vanderp. (Oxyrrhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Loeske, 

Eurhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Schimp.) DD (annot. 28) 

Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana (Funck) Loeske CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] 

Mnium hornum Hedw. LC 

Mnium lycopodioides Schwägr. (Mnium ambiguum H. Müll.) LC-att 

Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) P. Beauv. LC – only in var. marginatum 

Mnium spinosum (Voit) Schwägr. LC 

Mnium spinulosum Bruch et Schimp. LC 

Mnium stellare Hedw. LC 

Mnium thomsonii Schimp. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

Myurella julacea (Schwägr.) Schimp. EN [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

⇒ Neckera p. pte. – see under Alleniella and Exsertotheca 

Neckera menziesii Drumm. (Metaneckera menziesii (Drumm.) Steere) CR [C2a(i)] 

Neckera pennata Hedw. VU [C2a(i)] 

Neckera pumila Hedw. RE 

Nyholmiella gymnostoma (Bruch ex Brid.) Holmen et E. Warncke (Orthotrichum gymnostomum Bruch ex Brid.) 

RE (annot. 29) 

Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Brid.) Holmen et E. Warncke (Orthotrichum obtusifolium Brid.) LC 

Ochyraea duriuscula (De Not.) Ignatov et Ignatova (Hygrohypnum duriusculum (De Not.) D. W. Jamieson, 

Hygrohypnella duriuscula (De Not.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LR-nt [C2a(i)] (annot. 30) 

Ochyraea mollis (Hedw.) Ignatov (Hygrohypnum molle (Hedw.) Loeske) DD 

Ochyraea smithii (Sw.) Ignatov et Ignatova (Hygrohypnum smithii (Sw.) Broth.) RE 

⇒ Octodiceras – see under Fissidens 

Oligotrichum hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. et DC. LC 

Oncophorus wahlenbergii Brid. RE – only in var. wahlenbergii 

Orthodontium lineare Schwägr. LC 

Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. LC 

Orthothecium rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. RE 

⇒ Orthotrichum p. pte. – see under Nyholmiella 

Orthotrichum affine Schrad. ex Brid. 

var. affine LC 

var. bohemicum Plášek et Sawicki DD (annot. 31) 

Orthotrichum alpestre Hornsch. ex Bruch et Schimp. CR [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. LC 

Orthotrichum cupulatum Hoffm. ex Brid. 

var. cupulatum LC 

var. riparium Huebener RE 

Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad. ex Brid. LC 

Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. et Taylor LC-att 

Orthotrichum moravicum Plášek et Sawicki DD (annot. 32) 

Orthotrichum pallens Bruch ex Brid. LC 

Orthotrichum patens Bruch ex Brid. LR-nt [D1] 

Orthotrichum pulchellum Brunt. ex Sm. LC-att (annot. 33) 

Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. ex Anon. LC 

Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. VU [D1] 

Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr. VU [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Orthotrichum scanicum Grönvall CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] 

Orthotrichum speciosum Nees LC 

Orthotrichum stellatum Brid. CR [C2a(i)]

828 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. LC 

Orthotrichum striatum Hedw. LC-att 

Orthotrichum tenellum Bruch ex Brid. DD (annot. 34) 

Orthotrichum urnigerum Myrin VU [B2ab(iii); C1] 

Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Loeske (Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac.) LC 

Oxyrrhynchium schleicheri (R. Hedw.) Röll (Eurhynchium schleicheri (R. Hedw.) Milde) LC 

Oxyrrhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. (Eurhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Jur.) LC-att 

Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. et Taylor) A. J. E. Sm. (Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. et Taylor) Lindb.) LC-att 

Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra LC 

Palustriella decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra LC-att 

Palustriella falcata (Brid.) Hedenäs LC 

Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske LC 

Paraleucobryum sauteri (Bruch et Schimp.) Loeske RE (annot. 35) 

⇒ Phascum – see under Tortula 

Philonotis caespitosa Jur. LC-att 

Philonotis calcarea (Bruch et Schimp.) Schimp. LC-att 

Philonotis capillaris Lindb. (Philonotis arnellii Husn.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii)] 

Philonotis seriata Mitt. LC 

Philonotis tomentella Molendo VU [C2a(i); D2] 

Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att 

Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn. VU [B2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)] 

Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Physcomitrium sphaericum (C. F. Ludw. ex Schkuhr) Fürnr. VU [B2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)] 

Plagiobryum zieri (Hedw.) Lindb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Plagiomnium affine (Blandow ex Funck) T. J. Kop. LC 

Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. LC 

Plagiomnium elatum (Bruch et Schimp.) T. J. Kop. LC-att 

Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T. J. Kop. LC-att 

Plagiomnium medium (Bruch et Schimp.) T. J. Kop. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T. J. Kop. LC 

Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. LC – only in var. undulatum 

Plagiopus oederianus (Sw.) H. A. Crum et L. E. Anderson VU [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LC 

Plagiothecium curvifolium Schlieph. ex Limpr. LC 

Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. 

var. denticulatum LC 

var. obtusifolium (Turner) Moore (Plagiothecium donnianum (Sm.) Mitt.) VU [B2ab(iii); C1; D] 

var. undulatum R. Ruthe ex Geh. (Plagiothecium ruthei Limpr.) LC-att 

Plagiothecium laetum Schimp. LC 

Plagiothecium latebricola Schimp. VU [B2ab(iv, v); D1] 

Plagiothecium neckeroideum Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii)] 

Plagiothecium nemorale (Mitt.) A. Jaeger LC 

Plagiothecium platyphyllum Mönk. LC-att 

Plagiothecium succulentum (Wilson) Lindb. LC 

Plagiothecium undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Plasteurhynchium striatulum (Spruce) M. Fleisch. (Eurhynchium striatulum (Spruce) Schimp.) LC-att 

Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) H. A. Crum CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] 

Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Schimp. LC 

⇒ Platyhypnidium – see under Rhynchostegium 

Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb. LC-att 

Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh. LC 

⇒ Pleurochaete – see under Tortella 

Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. LC 

Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC


Pogonatum nanum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. VU [C2a(i)] 

Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC 

Pohlia andalusica (Höhn.) Broth. LC-att 

Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. LC 

Pohlia bulbifera (Warnst.) Warnst. LC 

Pohlia camptotrachela (Renauld et Card.) Broth. LC-att 

Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. LC 

Pohlia drummondii (Müll. Hal.) A. L. Andrews LC 

Pohlia elongata Hedw. LC-att – only in var. elongata 

Pohlia filum (Schimp.) Mårtensson VU [D2] 

Pohlia lescuriana (Sull.) Ochi LC-att 

Pohlia longicolla (Hedw.) Lindb. (‘longicollis’ auct.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i); D1] 

Pohlia ludwigii (Spreng. ex Schwägr.) Broth. VU [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); D2] 

Pohlia lutescens (Limpr.) H. Lindb. DD 

Pohlia melanodon (Brid.) A. J. Shaw VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. 

subsp. nutans LC 

subsp. schimperi (Müll. Hal.) Nyholm LR-nt [D2] 

Pohlia obtusifolia (Vill. ex Brid.) L. F. Koch RE 

Pohlia proligera (Kindb.) Lindb. ex Broth. LC 

Pohlia tundrae A. J. Shaw CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] (annot. 36) 

Pohlia wahlenbergii (F. Weber et D. Mohr) A. L. Andrews LC (annot. 37) 

⇒ Polytrichastrum p. pte. – see under Polytrichum (annot. 38) 

Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm. LC 

Polytrichastrum sexangulare (Flörke ex Brid.) G. L. Sm. RE 

Polytrichum commune Hedw. LC 

Polytrichum formosum Hedw. (Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm.) LC 

Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. LC 

Polytrichum longisetum Sw. ex Brid. (Polytrichastrum longisetum (Sw. ex Brid.) G. L. Sm.) LC 

Polytrichum pallidisetum Funck (Polytrichastrum pallidisetum (Funck) G. L. Sm.) LC-att 

Polytrichum perigoniale Michx. LC 

Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. LC 

Polytrichum strictum Menzies ex Brid. LC 

Polytrichum uliginosum (Wallr.) Schriebl LC-att (annot. 39) 

Pottiopsis caespitosa (Bruch ex Brid.) Blockeel et A. J. E. Sm. (Trichostomum caespitosum (Bruch ex Brid.) Jur., 

Trichostomum pallidisetum H. Müll., Trichostomum triumphans De Not.) CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] 

(annot. 40) 

⇒ Protobryum – see under Tortula 

Pseudephemerum nitidum (Hedw.) Loeske LC 

Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Vanderp. et Hedenäs (Serpoleskea subtilis (Hedw.) Loeske, Amblystegium 

subtile (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC-att (annot. 41) 

Pseudobryum cinclidioides (Huebener) T. J. Kop. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

⇒ Pseudocalliergon – see under Drepanocladus 

Pseudocampylium radicale (P. Beauv.) Vanderp. et Hedenäs (Amblystegium radicale (P. Beauv.) Schimp.) LCatt 

(annot. 42) 

Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R. H. Zander LC 

Pseudocrossidium revolutum (Brid.) R. H. Zander EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

⇒ Pseudoleskea – see under Lescuraea 

Pseudoleskeella catenulata (Brid. ex Schrad.) Kindb. LC 

Pseudoleskeella nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm LC 

Pseudoleskeella rupestris (Berggr.) Hedenäs et L. Söderström VU [D2] 

Pseudoleskeella tectorum (Funck ex Brid.) Kindb. ex Broth. CR [C2a(i)] 

Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.) LC 

Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LC 

Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. LC 

Pterygoneurum lamellatum (Lindb.) Jur. EN [B1+2ab(iii)] 

Pterygoneurum ovatum (Hedw.) Dixon LC

830 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Pterygoneurum subsessile (Brid.) Jur. VU [B1+2ab(iii)] 

Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. LC-att 

⇒ Ptychodium – see under Lescuraea 

Ptychomitrium polyphyllum (Sw.) Bruch et Schimp. RE 

Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Pyramidula tetragona (Brid.) Brid. CR [B1+2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)] 

Racomitrium aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Racomitrium affine (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Lindb. LC-att 

Racomitrium aquaticum (Brid. ex Schrad.) Brid. LC 

Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. LC – only in subsp. canescens 

Racomitrium elongatum Ehrh. ex Frisvoll LC 

Racomitrium fasciculare (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Racomitrium macounii Kindb. 

subsp. macounii EN [B1+2ab(iii), C2a(i)] 

subsp. alpinum (E. Lawton) Frisvoll LC 

Racomitrium microcarpon (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Racomitrium sudeticum (Funck) Bruch et Schimp. LC 

Rhabdoweisia crenulata (Mitt.) H. Jameson EN [B1+2ab(v)] 

Rhabdoweisia crispata (Dicks.) Lindb. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC 

Rhizomnium magnifolium (Horik.) T. J. Kop. LC-att 

Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum (Bruch et Schimp.) T. J. Kop. EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)] 

Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. LC 

Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. LC-att 

Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. LC 

⇒ Rhynchostegiella p. pte. – see under Brachythecium (annot. 11) 

Rhynchostegiella tenella (Dicks.) Limpr. LR-nt [C2a(i)] – only in var. tenella 

Rhynchostegiella teneriffae (Mont.) Dirkse et Bouman EN [B2ab(iii, v)] 

Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp. LC-att 

Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (Blandow ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. VU [C2a(i)] (annot. 42) 

Rhynchostegium murale (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Cardot (Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon) LC 

Rhynchostegium rotundifolium (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Rhytidiastrum loreum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LC (annot. 43) 

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Rhytidiastrum squarrosum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LC 

Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus (Lindb.) T. J. Kop. (Rhytidiastrum subpinnatum (Lindb.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LC-att 

Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. LC 

Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. LC 

Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske LC 

Sarmentypnum exannulatum (Schimp.) Hedenäs (Warnstorfia exannulata (Schimp.) Loeske) LC 

Sarmentypnum sarmentosum (Wahlenb.)Tuom.etT.J.Kop.(Warnstorfia sarmentosa (Wahlenb.) Hedenäs) LR-nt 

[D2] 

Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC 

Schistidium brunnescens Limpr. LC – only in subsp. brunnescens 

Schistidium confertum (Funck) Bruch et Schimp. VU [D2] 

Schistidium confusum H. H. Blom LC-att 

Schistidium crassipilum H. H. Blom LC 

Schistidium dupretii (Thér.) W. A. Weber LC 

Schistidium elegantulum H. H. Blom LC-att – only in subsp. elegantulum 

Schistidium flaccidum (De Not.) Ochyra EN [B2ab(iii, v)] 

Schistidium helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi (Schistidium singarense (Schiffn.) Laz.) LC-att 

Schistidium lancifolium (Kindb.) H. H. Blom LC-att 

Schistidium papillosum Culm. LC 

Schistidium pruinosum (Wilson ex Schimp.) G. Roth LC-att


Schistidium rivulare (Brid.) Podp. LC-att 

Schistidium robustum (Nees et Hornsch.) H. H. Blom LC 

Schistidium trichodon (Brid.) Poelt 

var. trichodon LC-att 

var. nutans H. H. Blom LC-att 

Schistostega pennata (Hedw.) F. Weber et D. Mohr LC 

Sciuro-hypnum curtum (Lindb.) Ignatov (Brachythecium curtum (Lindb.) Limpr.) LC (annot. 44) 

Sciuro-hypnum flotowianum (Sendtn.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Eurhynchium flotowianum (Sendtn.) Kartt.) DD 

Sciuro-hypnum plumosum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC 

Sciuro-hypnum populeum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachythecium populeum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC 

Sciuro-hypnum reflexum (Starke) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachythecium reflexum (Starke) Schimp.) LC 

Sciuro-hypnum starkii (Brid.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachythecium starkii (Brid.) Schimp.) (‘starkei’ auct.) LC 

⇒ Scleropodium p. pte. – see under Pseudoscleropodium 

Scorpidium cossonii (Schimp.) Hedenäs LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Scorpidium revolvens (Sw. ex Anon.) Hedenäs EN [B2ab(iii, v)] 

Scorpidium scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr. EN [B2ab(iii, iv); C2a(i)] 

Seligeria acutifolia Lindb. VU [C2a(i); D2] 

Seligeria calcarea (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv)] 

Seligeria campylopoda Kindb. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Seligeria donniana (Sm.) Müll. Hal. LC 

Seligeria patula (Lindb.) I. Hagen DD-va 

Seligeria pusilla (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. VU [C2a(i)] 

Seligeria recurvata (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC 

⇒ Serpoleskea p. pte. – see under Pseudoamblystegium 

Serpoleskea confervoides (Brid.) Loeske (Amblystegium confervoides (Brid.) Schimp.) LC-att 

Sphagnum affine Renauld et Cardot VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Sphagnum angustifolium (C. E. O. Jensen ex Russow) C. E. O. Jensen LC-att 

Sphagnum auriculatum Schimp. (Sphagnum denticulatum Brid.) LC 

Sphagnum austinii Sull. ex Austin RE 

Sphagnum balticum (Russow) Russow ex C. E. O. Jensen LC-att 

Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. LC 

Sphagnum centrale C. E. O. Jensen LC-att 

Sphagnum compactum Lam. et DC. LC 

Sphagnum contortum Schultz LR-nt [B2ab(iii); C1] 

Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. LC 

Sphagnum fallax (H. Klinggr.) H. Klinggr. (incl. Sphagnum brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Röll) LC 

Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson LC – only in subsp. fimbriatum 

Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy et Molk. LC 

Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) H. Klinggr. LR-nt [A2(a); B2ab(iv)] 

Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow LC 

Sphagnum inundatum Russow DD (annot. 45) 

Sphagnum lindbergii Schimp. LC 

Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. LC 

Sphagnum majus (Russow) C. E. O. Jensen LC – only in subsp. majus 

Sphagnum molle Sull. RE 

Sphagnum obtusum Warnst. LR-nt [B2ab(iii); C1] 

Sphagnum palustre L. LC 

Sphagnum papillosum Lindb. LC 

Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Sull. ex Warnst. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii); D1] 

Sphagnum quinquefarium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. LC 

Sphagnum riparium Ångstr. LC 

Sphagnum rubellum Wilson LC 

Sphagnum russowii Warnst. LC 

Sphagnum squarrosum Crome LC 

Sphagnum subnitens Russow et Warnst. LC-att – only in subsp. subnitens 

Sphagnum subsecundum Nees LC 

Sphagnum tenellum (Brid.) Pers. ex Brid. LC

832 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. LC 

Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow LC-att 

Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Splachnum sphaericum Hedw. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Stegonia latifolia (Schwägr.) Venturi ex Broth. RE 

Straminergon stramineum (Dicks. ex Brid.) Hedenäs LC 

Streblotrichum commutatum (Jur.) Hilp. (Barbula commutata Jur., Barbula convoluta var. sardoa Schimp.) DD 

(annot. 9, 46) 

Streblotrichum convolutum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Barbula convoluta Hedw.) LC 

Streblotrichum enderesii (Garov.) Loeske (Barbula enderesii Garov.) RE 

Syntrichia calcicola J. J. Amann LC 

Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. DD-va – only in var. gypsophila (J. J. Amann ex G. Roth) Ochyra (Syntrichia 

caninervis var. spuria (J. J. Amann) R. H. Zander) 

Syntrichia fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra CR [B1+2ab(iii)] (annot. 47) 

Syntrichia laevipila Brid. DD-va 

Syntrichia latifolia (Bruch ex Hartm.) Huebener LR-nt [B2ab(iii)] 

Syntrichia montana Nees (Syntrichia intermedia Brid.) LC 

Syntrichia norvegica F. Weber CR [C2a(i)] 

Syntrichia papillosa (Wilson) Jur. LC 

Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F. Weber et D. Mohr (Syntrichia densa (Velen.) J.-P. Frahm) 

var. ruralis LC 

var. ruraliformis (Besch.) Delogne (Syntrichia ruraliformis (Besch.) Cardot) LC-att 

Syntrichia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra LC 

Taxiphyllum wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk et Margad. LC 

Tayloria serrata (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Tayloria splachnoides (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Hook. RE 

Tayloria tenuis (Dicks.) Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)] 

Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. LC 

Tetraplodon angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. VU [C2a(i); D2] 

Tetraplodon mnioides (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. VU [C2a(i); D2] 

Tetrodontium brownianum (Dicks.) Schwägr. LR-nt [C2a(i); D2] 

Tetrodontium ovatum (Funck) Schwägr. DD 

Tetrodontium repandum (Funck) Schwägr. LR-nt [C2a(i)] 

Thamnobryum alopecurum (Hedw.) Gangulee LC 

Thamnobryum neckeroides (Hook.) E. Lawton EN [B1+2ab(iii, v)] 

⇒ Thuidium p. pte. – see under Abietinella 

Thuidium assimile (Mitt.) A. Jaeger (Thuidium philibertii Limpr.) LC 

Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC-att 

Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. LC 

Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

Timmia austriaca Hedw. RE 

Timmia bavarica Hessl. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Tomentypnum nitens (Hedw.) Loeske LR-nt [C1+C2a(i)] 

Tortella bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth. LC 

Tortella inclinata (R. Hedw.) Limpr. LC (annot. 48) 

Tortella squarrosa (Brid.) Limpr. (Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb.) LR-nt [C1] (annot. 49) 

Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (incl. var. fragilifolia (Jur.) Limpr.) LC 

Tortula acaulon (With.) R. H. Zander (Phascum cuspidatum Hedw.) 

var. acaulon LC 

var. pilifera (Hedw.) R. H. Zander (Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum (Hedw.) Hook. et Taylor) LC 

Tortula atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb. CR [B1+2ab(v)] 

Tortula caucasica Lindb. ex Broth. (Tortula modica R. H. Zander, Pottia intermedia (Turner) Fürnr.) LC 

Tortula cernua (Huebener) Lindb. (Desmatodon cernuus (Huebener) Bruch et Schimp.) RE 

Tortula hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra (Tortula euryphylla R. H. Zander, Desmatodon latifolius (Hedw.) Brid.) EN 

[B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] (annot. 50) 

Tortula inermis (Brid.) Mont. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)] 

Tortula lindbergii Kindb. ex Broth. (Tortula lanceola R. H. Zander, Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) Müll. Hal.) LC


Tortula lingulata Lindb. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] (annot. 51) 

Tortula mucronifolia Schwägr. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] 

Tortula muralis Hedw. 

subsp. muralis var. muralis LC 

subsp. muralis var. aestiva Hedw. LC 

Tortula protobryoides R. H. Zander (Protobryum bryoides (Dicks.) J. Guerra et M. J. Cano, Pottia bryoides 

(Dicks.) Mitt.) LC-att 

Tortula schimperi M. J. Cano, O. Werner et J. Guerra (Tortula subulata var. angustata (Schimp.) Limpr.) DD 

(annot. 52) 

Tortula subulata Hedw. LC 

Tortula truncata (Hedw.) Mitt. (Pottia truncata (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp.) LC 

Trematodon ambiguus (Hedw.) Hornsch. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v)] 

Trichodon cylindricus (Hedw.) Schimp. LC 

⇒ Trichostomum p. pte. – see under Oxystegus and Pottiopsis 

Trichostomum brachydontium Bruch DD-va 

Trichostomum crispulum Bruch 

var. crispulum LC-att 

var. angustifolium Bruch et Schimp. (Trichostomum viridulum Bruch) LC-att (annot. 53) 

Ulota bruchii Hornsch. ex Brid. LC 

Ulota coarctata (P. Beauv.) Hammar CR [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid. LC 

Ulota drummondii (Hook. et Grev.) Brid. RE 

Ulota hutchinsiae (Sm.) Hammar EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i); D1] 

⇒ Warnstorfia p. pte. – see under Sarmentypnum 

Warnstorfia fluitans (Hedw.) Loeske LC 

Warnstorfia pseudostraminea (Müll. Hal.) Tuom. et T. J. Kop. EN [C2a(i)] 

Weissia brachycarpa (Nees et Hornsch.) Jur. LC 

Weissia condensa (Voit) Lindb. LC – only in var. condensa 

Weissia controversa Hedw. (incl. var. densifolia (Bruch et Schimp.) Wilson) LC 

Weissia fallax Sehlm. (Weissia controversa var. crispata (Nees et Hornsch.) Nyholm) LC-att 

Weissia longifolia Mitt. LC 

Weissia rostellata (Brid.) Lindb. DD-va 

Weissia rutilans (Hedw.) Lindb. EN [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)] 

Weissia squarrosa (Nees et Hornsch.) Müll. Hal. VU [B2ab(iv, v)] 

Weissia wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Bruch et Schimp. (Weissia controversa var. wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Blockeel et 

A. J. E. Sm.) VU [D2] 

Zygodon dentatus (Limpr.) Kartt. LR-nt [D2] 

Zygodon rupestris Schimp. ex Lorentz LR-nt [D2] 

Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. EN [B2ab(v); C2a(i)] 

(b) Doubtful, uncertain and excluded taxa (not evaluated for the Red List) 

(i) Doubtful taxonomic status 

In addition to Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp., Bryum dunense A. J. E. Sm. et H. Whitehouse, Bryum stirtonii 

Schimp., listed, commented on and placed in this category by Kučera & Váňa (2003) and Bryum badium (Bruch 

ex Brid.) Schimp., which was appended in the Erratum part of the list (Preslia 75: 384), following additional taxa 

need to be taxonomically studied before they can be accepted for inclusion in the checklist: 

Metzgeria simplex Lorb. ex Müll. Frib. – this taxon was defined based on the haploid chromosome number 

(n = 9) and its slightly smaller thallus cells, as opposed to its diploid counterpart (n = 18) M. conjugata. Schumacker 

& Váňa (2005) regard M. simplex as conspecific with the Asian-American M. lindbergii Schiffn., which 

needs to be confirmed, and hesitate to distinguish this taxon from M. conjugata. Cytometric screening combined 

with a morphometric evaluation is necessary to ascertain the value of this taxon. 

Porella ×baueri (Schiffn.) C. E. O. Jensen – this taxon is now thought to be an allopolyploid hybrid of 

P. platyphylla and P. cordaeana (Boisselier-Dubayle et al. 1998, Heinrichs et al. 2011). As the reported morphological 

differences between P. platyphylla and P. ×baueri do not hold for a considerable proportion of our material, 

the nothotaxon cannot be safely recognized at present and virtually nothing is known about the extent of 

hybridization between the parental taxa and the occurrence and morphology of hybridogeneous populations.

834 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Riccia gougetiana Durieu et Mont. – this taxon should differ from R. ciliifera in its larger dimensions and 

other essentially quantitative characteristics (with some overlap) despite the same reported chromosome number 

(n = 8, rarely n = 16). Nevertheless, we discovered only diploid plants (n ≈ 16) during a limited cytometric screening 

of southern-Moravian populations of R. ciliifera s.l. with an intermediate morphology between R. ciliifera 

and R. gougetiana. The extent of polyploidization and the morphometric differences between populations need to 

be evaluated before applying these names to these populations. 

Bryum barnesii J. B. Wood ex Schimp. – recent authors differ in their opinion on the value of this taxonomically 

doubtful species of the B. dichotomum complex; while Vanderpoorten & Zartman (2002) and Müller (2004) 

accept it, the monographer of the genus (Holyoak 2003) is sceptical about its value. Plants corresponding to the 

description were twice recently reported from the Czech Republic (Kučera et al. 2005, Kučera 2009a). 

Platyhypnidium grolleanum Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra – a doubtful aquatic taxon described from one historical 

specimen, based on its multistratose leaves. As recent searches for this plant at the type locality all proved 

futile, the taxon can probably best be interpreted as a rare mutation of the common Rhynchostegium riparioides, 

as is the case of Platyhypnidium mutatum Ochyra et Vanderp. and other pleurocarpous mosses, which develop 

pluristratose laminae in rheophytic habitats. 

(ii) Doubtful or uncertain occurrence 

Fossombronia caespitiformis De Not. ex Rabenh., Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm., Bryum arcticum (R. Br.) 

Bruch et Schimp., Bryum knowltonii Barnes, Bryum warneum (Röhl.) Blandow ex Brid., Ceratodon conicus 

(Hampe) Lindb., Cinclidium stygium Sw., Cnestrum schisti (F. Weber et D. Mohr) I. Hagen, Cynodontium fallax 

Limpr., Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides (Huebener) T. J. Kop., Dichodontium flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb., 

Grimmia decipiens (Schultz) Lindb., Hypnum cupressiforme var. resupinatum (Taylor) Schimp., Mnium blyttii 

Bruch et Schimp., Pelekium minutulum (Hedw.) Touw (Cyrto-hypnum minutulum (Hedw.) W. R. Buck et H. A. 

Crum), Pohlia sphagnicola (Bruch et Schimp.) Broth., Racomitrium ericoides (Brid.) Brid. and Syntrichia 

sinensis (Müll. Hal.) Ochyra. were included in previous checklists (Kučera & Váňa 2003, 2005) among the taxa 

for which the historically reported occurrence is regarded as possible but not supported by a correctly identified 

herbarium specimen. Microlejeunea ulicina, Scapania apiculata, Entosthodon pulchellus, Orthotrichum 

tenellum, Paraleucobryum sauteri and Rhynchostegium megapolitanum have since been recorded in the Czech 

Republic (see above). In addition to the preceding species the following taxa are now regarded to be of uncertain 

occurrence: 

Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche – as discussed in annotation, we did not find this species among the 

specimens labelled with this name, after the understanding of this taxon changed following the study by Crandall- 

Stotler & Stotler (2007). An historical or even recent occurrence of M. hibernica is nevertheless possible. 

Tortula muralis subsp. obtusifolia (Schwägr.) Culm. – its taxonomic status was clarified by Košnar & Kolář 

(2009) and Košnar et al. (2012). Although the historical occurrence on base-rich sandstones near Kralupy nad 

Vltavou, reported by Velenovský (1897), is probable, there are no specimens of this species in Czech herbaria. 

The specimens from the Český kras karst region belong to T. muralis var. aestiva. 

(iii) Newly excluded taxa 

Aschisma carniolicum (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Lindb. – reported from nearby Prague by Opiz (1852). Matouschek 

(1908) published the results of a revision of Opiz’s specimens in PR, however the specimen of A. carniolicum was 

not found. We agree with Matouschek’s judgment on the probable misidentification of this species based on the 

distribution pattern of this Mediterranean species. 

Tayloria froelichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. – this species was also reported by Opiz (1852) without a particular 

locality. Matouschek (1906) did not find the original specimen and probably therefore excluded it as subsequently 

he did not mention this species again. Based on the distribution pattern of this species its occurrence in the 

Czech Republic is indeed highly improbable. 

For information on 42 earlier excluded taxa see Kučera & Váňa (2003). 

Annotations: 

1 Aneura maxima was recently discovered in southern Bohemia by Kučera (2004) and reported at other localities 

since. 

2 Buczkowska et al. (2012) recently published a paper, in which two genetically distinct taxa are recognized 

within C. sphagnicola. While the type corresponds to the haploid taxon and has a markedly northern distribution 

pattern in Poland (the specimens from outside Poland have not been studied), the diploid (allopolyploid)


taxon, which is called C. sphagnicola f. paludosa (Warnst.) R. M. Schust. by these authors, which very probably 

occurs in the Czech Republic, only doubtfully corresponds to Warnstorf’s type, and hence its name is 

uncertain. There is a similar situation with morphologically cryptic or nearly cryptic taxa Calypogeia 

muelleriana (Buczkowska & Bączkiewicz 2011) and C. fissa (Buczkowska 2004). 

3 The broad concept of Chiloscyphus has been advocated in recent molecular studies (He-Nygrén & Piippo 

2003, Hentschel et al. 2006a, b), although the subgenus Lophocolea is still one of the resonably supported 

clades, closely related to subg. Chiloscyphus. Molecular data also seem to support the specific status of 

C. pallescens (cf. Hentschel et al. 2006b) and C. cuspidatus (cf. Hentschel et al. 2007), although the difference 

in their sexuality probably cannot serve as the sole differentiating character; this was noted by Damsholt 

(2010), who reported annual variation in sex expression with antheridia and perianths present at different 

times of the year, and Vogelpoel (1982), who manipulated the sex expression frequency, abundance and vitality 

of the gametangia by varying day length and light intensity). The application of names within 

C. coadunatus s.l. follows Váňa & Engel (2012), who found the type of C. coadunatus to be probably dioicous 

(containing only female plants), while the type of Jungermannia bidentata L. was found to be monoicous 

(Vogelpoel 1977), contrary to the treatment of Damsholt (2002). 

4 Conocephalum salebrosum is a newly distinguished taxon (Szweykowski et al. 2005) that occurs widely in 

the Czech Republic. 

5 The identity of L. guttulata and L. longiflora was recently doubted or rejected by several authors, including 

the monographer of the genus, V. Bakalin (Bakalin 2001, 2011), hence our acceptance of L. guttulata in place 

of the plant we earlier named L. longiflora. Hygric forms of L. ventricosa (and possibly also of other closely 

related taxa including L. ventricosa var. silvicola and L. guttulata) were identified with the types of 

L. ventricosa var. uliginosa Breidl. ex Schiffn. (Damsholt 2002) or of Jungermannia longiflora Nees. Bakalin 

(2011), who lists L. ventricosa var. longiflora (Nees) Macoun does not mention var. uliginosa at all). A wide 

ranging study using molecular markers is needed to resolve this problem. 

6 First proven occurrence of Microlejeunea ulicina in the Czech Republic was only recently reported (Kučera 

& Váňa 2011). 

7 The distinctness of Moerckia flotoviana from M. hibernica is discussed and advocated by Crandall-Stotler & 

Stotler (2007). The two names were commonly misapplied, which was also the case in the earlier identifications 

in the Czech Republic. The recent and historical collections of material that have been revised belong to 

M. flotoviana, which seems to be generally much commoner than M. hibernica, but not all historical collections 

have been revised. 

8 Hugonnot (2010) recently argued for the synonymy of R. ciliata, R. trichocarpa M. Howe and R. canescens 

Steph., whereas Jovet-Ast (1986) and Schumacker & Váňa (2005) advocate the distinctness of R. trichocarpa 

(syn. R. canescens), the latter treatment even synonymized the latter with an older name R. crinita Taylor, 

based on an Australian type. 

9 Scapania apiculata was listed as of uncertain occurrence in the previous version. Since then it has been twice 

recorded in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. 

10 Köckinger & Kučera (2011) showed that two of the Barbula sect. Convolutae Bruch & Schimp. species 

(B. convoluta and B. commutata) are phylogenetically very distant from the generitype of Barbula, 

B. unguiculata. Hence, their recognition within an earlier recognized genus, Streblotrichum P. Beauv. 

(generitype S. convolutum) is appropriate. Barbula crocea was also assigned to Streblotrichum by older 

authors including Pilous & Duda (1960) but it has closer genetic affinities with Hydrogonium (Müll. Hal.) 

A. Jaeger (Kučera et al. in prep.). 

11 Phylogenetic affinities of this taxon, which is included in the European checklist (Hill et al. 2006) and our previous 

checklists as Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis, is controversial. While Ignatov & Huttunen (2002) doubt its 

inclusion in Brachytheciaceae, Nebel & Philippi (2001) provide strong arguments that it is only a habitat form 

of Brachythecium tommasinii. Unfortunately, the recent molecular-phylogenetic studies of Brachytheciaceae 

(Huttunen & Ignatov 2004) and Rhynchostegiella (Aigoin et al. 2009) do not include this puzzling taxon. We 

obtained ITS sequences for one specimen of the typical Brachythecium tommasinii (JQ814782) that was 

growing on shaded limestone rocks in the Czech Republic and for one Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis 

(JQ814783) growing on the bark of Fagus at the only Czech locality for this species. These sequences indeed 

are nearly identical and allow the evaluation as closely related taxa within one genus. For future reference, we 

prefer to retain the varietal status of the disputed taxon within B. tommasinii. The type of Eurhynchium 

vaucheri var. fagineum was studied by Nebel et al. (l.c.) and these authors confirm Limpricht’s earlier opinion 

that it is identical to the type of Eurhynchium germanicum Grebe. With respect to the identity of the types of 

Eurhynchium germanicum and Hypnum tenuicaule Spruce from the French Pyrenees we refer to the treatment 

of Karttunen (1990).

836 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

12 Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (2011) recently provided arguments for replacing the name Bryum pallescens 

Schleich. ex Schwägr. with the older name B. boreale (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Funck. 

13 Bryum gemmiferum was first reported from the Czech Republic by Soldán & Kučera (2004) but further 

records continue to be added. 

14 Holyoak & Hedenäs (2006) demonstrate the morphological intergradation between Bryum pseudotriquetrum 

var. pseudotriquetrum and var. neodamense and non-monophyly of the latter taxon. 

15 Based on an unpublished revision of JK’s collections by O. M. Afonina, the Czech collections of 

‘Campylidium sommerfeltii’ probably represent a different taxon, closely related to Hypnum pallescens. 

‘C. sommerfeltii’ has been distinguished in the Czech Republic only in recent decades, previous authors confused 

or merged this taxon with C. calcareum and the North American C. hispidulum. A revision of this complex 

is badly needed. 

16 Didymodon umbrosus was shown to deserve specific status by Jiménez et al. (2005). 

17 Didymodon validus was recognized as a variety of D. rigidulus in our previous checklist and not at all listed by Hill 

et al. (2006). Later though, Jiménez (2006) and Ochyra et al. (2011) recognized the taxon at the specific level. 

18 The taxonomy of Encalypta rhaptocarpa agg. is very unsatisfactory. There is not a good match between the 

development of peristome and other characters of this species mentioned by Horton (1983), Nyholm (1998) 

and Mogensen (2001), and our application of the name is thus very tentative. 

19 Hradílek (2008) clarified the situation with Entosthodon pulchellus that was confused with E. muhlenbergii in 

the Czech Republic. Both historical herbarium records and recent collections were cited. 

20 We consider that Fissidens bambergeri is a good, although only rarely accepted species that cannot be lumped 

with F. viridulus. The distinctness of two Czech and several other central-European populations has been 

observed for years, although no molecular methods have yet been applied to resolve the genetic background 

and of course the application of the pattern to existing types may prove problematic. 

21 We have applied the name Fissidens limbatus only to plants that narrowly correspond to the original description 

by Sullivant. In this concept, F. limbatus is an extremely rare and endangered species in the Czech Republic 

and should be evaluated similarly to F. bambergeri. An eventual broadening of the concept to include 

F. crispus Mont., as understood by Hill et al. (2006), would create problems in delimiting F. pusillus,however 

without an understanding of the underlying genetic pattern the problem cannot be resolved. 

22 We are not convinced of the value of infraspecific taxa within Fontinalis antipyretica, distinguished pragmatically 

by Hill et al. (2006). Shaw & Allen (2000) show that the subsp. gracilis (Lindb.) Kindb. is paraphyletic 

and a similar pattern can be expected for other infraspecific taxa. Nevertheless, both the subsp. gracilis and 

subsp. kindbergii (Renauld et Cardot) Cardot are reported in the Czech Republic but the underlying genetic 

differences have never been studied. 

23 Grimmia dissimulata was newly reported for this country by Kučera (in Ellis et al. 2010). 

24 We agree with the authors of the European checklist that the radical treatment of Vanderpoorten (2004), which 

merged all European species of Hygroamblystegium with H. varium, needs to be supported by a more extensive 

study. In a later study Vanderpoorten & Hedenäs (2009) admit H. humile is a variety of H. varium but 

maintain the full synonymy of H. fluviatile and H. tenax with H. varium, particularly with respect to the situation 

in North America. 

25 Hypnum cupressiforme var. julaceum Brid., listed in our previous checklists, is not recognized by Hill et al. 

(2006). As we could only doubtfully identify some of our plants as of this variety, we have not included it in 

this list. 

26 Hypnum cupressiforme var. heseleri was recently detected at one locality in southern Moravia (Košnar & 

Kučera in prep.). 

27 Conflicting evidence was presented by Vanderpoorten et al. (2003) and Frahm (2005) about distiguishing 

Leucobryum albidum (Brid. ex P. Beauv.) Lindb. (which is an older name) from L. juniperoideum. Therefore, we 

pragmatically retain the more narrowly defined concept of both taxa until a more convincing conclusion is reached. 

28 Eurhynchium pumilum was transferred to a newly established monotypic genus Microeurhynchium by 

Aigoin et al. (2009). 

29 Goffinet et al. (2004) and Sawicki et al. (2010) argue for accepting the genus Nyholmiella as distinct from 

Orthotrichum. Accepting this probably well-defined lineage however renders the rest of Orthotrichum 

paraphyletic, which will necessitate the recognition of further genera within Orthotrichum s.l. in the future. 

30 Taxonomy of Hygrohypnum s.l. partially settled after Oliván et al. (2007) and Ignatov et al. (2007) reached 

similar conclusions based on different datasets. The only serious conflict is over Hygrohypnum duriusculum, 

which was resolved within Hygrohypnella (sequenced specimen from Caucasus) by Ignatov et al., but within 

Ochyraea (sequenced specimen from Norway) by Oliván et al. Our plants seem to match the concept of 

Oliván et al., which is supported by the nrITS sequence of one Czech specimen (JQ814784). Nevertheless, we


still have problems differentiating O. mollis from the closely related O. duriuscula, and therefore cannot at 

present decide on the possible level of threat to O. mollis, although it is probable that the latter is very rare, if it 

occurs at all, in the Czech Republic. 

31 Orthotrichum affine var. bohemicum was recently described (Plášek et al. 2011) based on material from 3 

localities in the Czech Republic. 

32 Orthotrichum moravicum was described from a single locality in Moravia (Plášek et al. 2009) and no other 

occurrence has been reported. 

33 Orthotrichum pulchellum was first reported in the Czech Republic in NW Bohemia by Plášek & Marková 

(2007) and Plášek & Marková in Blockeel et al. (2008) and seems to be spreading. 

34 Orthotrichum tenellum was listed among the taxa with unproven occurrence in the Czech Republic in previous 

versions of the checklist. Recently, this species was found in Northern Bohemia (Plášek & Marková 2011, 

Plášek & Marková in Ellis et al. 2012). 

35 Paraleucobryum sauteri was listed previously as another taxon of uncertain occurrence in the Czech Republic. 

During a revision of selected species from the herbarium of the Museum of Upper Austria (LI), JK found 

one correctly identified specimen of P. sauteri, collected by Cypers in 1877 in the valley of Bílé Labe in 

Krkonoše Mts. 

36 Pohlia tundrae was first reported from the Czech Republic by Müller (2004) and is still known only from 

a single locality. 

37 We do not recognize the varieties of Pohlia wahlenbergii but should they be distinguished they all occur in the 

Czech Republic and only var. glacialis (Brid.) E. F. Warb. has a limited distribution and could qualify for 

inclusion on the Red List, probably in category LR-nt (D). 

38 Bell & Hyvönen (2010) show that species of Polytrichastrum sect. Aporotheca (P. formosum, P. longisetum 

and P. pallidisetum) form with Polytrichum s.str a well-supported clade. 

39 Polytrichum uliginosum, re-established by Schriebl (1991), has only recently been shown to be reproductively 

isolated from P. commune (van der Velde & Bijlsma 2004). Nevertheless, there is little information on 

its distribution in the Czech Republic and elsewhere. 

40 Ros & Werner (2007) re-define the genus Pottiopsis based on molecular and morphological data and confirm 

our earlier suspicion (Kučera & Váňa 2003) that Trichostomum caespitosum and T. pallidisetum are very 

closely related, as they regard them as synonymous. 

41 Vanderpoorten & Hedenäs (2009) describe new genera, Pseudoamblystegium and Pseudocampylium, to 

accommodate the phylogenetically isolated species earlier recognized by us as Serpoleskea subtilis and 

Amblysteium radicale, respectively. 

42 Rhynchostegium megapolitanum was listed among uncertain occurrences in the previous version, but has 

since been recorded several times (see e.g. Kučera et al. 2006). 

43 Rhytidiadelphus loreus, R. squarrosus and R. subpinnatus are tranferred to a newly established genus 

Rhytidiastrum Ignatov et Ignatova in their treatment of pleurocarpous mosses for the Moss flora of the central 

part of European Russia (Ignatov & Ignatova 2004). This concept needs to be tested using molecular methods. 

44 Ignatov & Milyutina (2007) argued for separating Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium from S. curtum. European records 

of S. oedipodium refer generally to S. curtum. S. oedipodium s.str. is primarily a western North American taxon 

with one known disjuct occurrence in the Caucasus, however our material needs to be completely revised. 

45 Sphagnum inundatum is a problematical taxon both with respect to its morphological definition and genetic 

background, which is connected with a complicated polyploid and hybridogenous microspeciation pattern 

(for a summary, see Shaw et al. 2012). While the North American plants that have ‘S. inundatum-morphology‘are 

considered synonymous with either S. lescurii Sull., when haploid or with S. missouricum Warnst. & 

Card., when diploid, this pattern cannot be transferred to the situation in Europe, which has not yet been adequately 

studied, although the type of S. inundatum originates from Europe. The European plants of‚ 

S. inundatum-morphology‘studied are allopolyploids derived from S. subsecundum (female parent) and haploid 

S. auriculatum (male parent) (Shaw et al. 2008). 

46 Streblotrichum commutatum was earlier not distinguished in the Czech Republic but both historical and 

recent collections were found during a partial revision of our herbaria and a focused field survey (Kučera 

unpubl.). Nevertheless, this species seems to be relatively rare and the morphological delimitation from 

S. convolutum is not always straightforward, although the molecular differentiation is considerable (Köckinger 

& Kučera 2011, Kučera et al. in prep.). 

47 Syntrichia fragilis was recently first discovered at a single locality in central Bohemia (Müller & Kučera in 

Blockeel et al. 2006). 

48 Tortella densa (Lorentz et Molendo) Crundw. & Nyholm, which we accept at the specific level, was listed 

among the excluded species in the last version of the checklist.

838 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

49 The genus Pleurochaete Lindb. is nested within Tortella (Grundmann et al. 2006). 

50 Among the varieties that are traditionaly recognized within Desmatodon latifolius, var. muticus (Brid.) Brid.) 

seems to represent a distinct taxon, as mixed stands of clearly separable plants matching both varieties were 

observed in the Czech Republic (Mt Kotel) and in the Alps. However, we refrain at the moment from combining 

it within Tortula hoppeana, before the problem is addressed using molecular methods. 

51 Košnar & Kolář (2009) and Košnar et al. (2012) present arguments for accepting Tortula lingulata at the specific 

level, although this taxon is phylogenetically nested within T. muralis s.l. and its acceptance renders 

T. muralis paraphyletic in the strictly cladistic view. 

52 Tortula schimperi represents a taxon that earlier was mostly recognized as a variety of T. subulata. According 

to Cano et al. (2005), it deserves specific status. There is very little known about its distribution in the Czech 

Republic, but recently two very small populations were recorded at two localities. 

53 While Hill et al. (2006) do not recognize var. angustifolium as distinct from Trichostomum crispulum, central- 

European authors (Grims 1999, Müller 2004) usually prefer to distinguish it as a distinct variety or even species. 

The revision of material in Czech herbaria (Kučera unpublished) at first did not reveal a taxon clearly 

separable from T. crispulum but recently JK realized that there might be a distinguishable taxon matching this 

variety present in the Czech flora. This problem needs to be addressed in a taxonomic study. 

Discussion 

Changes in the checklist, and comparison with neighbouring countries and Europe 

The total number of accepted and evaluated taxa is 15 more than in the 2003 version. However, 

of these there are only 12 newly reported taxa for the Czech Republic, while 5 species 

appeared in the list in the result of a taxonomic reconsideration, and 8 previously listed 

under uncertain or taxonomically doubtful taxa have since been confirmed as occurring in 

the Czech Republic. On the other hand, 6 earlier recognized taxa are no longer included, 4 

have been moved to the ‘taxonomically doubtful’ and one to the ‘uncertain occurrence’ 

category. From the user’s perspective, there has unfortunately been a considerable number 

of name changes (136 taxa affected, i.e. 15.1%), caused by shifts into different genera (97 

taxa), taxonomic rank changes (16 taxa), or changes in (infra)specific epithets for mostly 

nomenclatural reasons (15 taxa). We corrected the author citation in 31 cases, although 

mostly only to conform to our ‘strategy’ of citing pre-Hedwigian moss names to that of 

Hill et al. (2006). The number of genera increased from the 59 for liverworts and 175 for 

mosses, recognized in the 2003 version, to 76 and 194, respectively, as a consequence of 

different generic concepts, mostly based on recent molecular phylogenetic treatments. 

The bryoflora of the Czech Republic (78, 867 km2 ) comprises roughly half of the European 

liverworts (423 species listed by Grolle & Long 2000) and mosses (1239 species 

accepted by Hill et al. 2006). The comparison of numbers with those in neighbouring 

countries is hampered by the fact that they are either significantly different in area, mostly 

larger (Germany, Poland), or contain a significantly larger or smaller diversity of ecosystems. 

For example, the bryoflora of the state of Carinthia in Austria (9536 km2 ) exceeds 

that of the Czech Republic by some 30 species, having 893 species and 48 additional 

infraspecific taxa (Köckinger et al. 2008), while only 651 species of mosses are listed for 

the much larger (312,685 km2 ) but generally much less diverse Poland (Ochyra et al. 

2003). Similarly, the area of Hungary (93,030 km 2 ) is similar to that of the Czech Republic 

but the bryophyte flora of Hungary is only three quarters (659 bryophyte species plus 3 

subspecies – 2 hornwort, 146 liverwort and 511 moss species according to Papp et al. 

2010) of that of the Czech Republic, possibly because the smaller diversity of ecosystems 

and historically lower intensity of research on bryophytes in the former.


Red List 

The relatively great increase in studies on the bryophyte flora over the last ca 20–30 years, 

together with active monitoring of the bryophytes listed in Annex II of the EC Directive 

92/43 and some additional smaller-scale national monitoring projects supported particularly 

by the Czech Agency for Nature and Landscape Protection (AOPK ČR) enabled us to 

reconsider the threat status for most of our taxa. This led to changes in the status of 308 

bryophyte taxa, i.e. 34.5% of the bryoflora in the 2003 version of the list. As the shifts in 

the evaluation commonly included both upward and downward reconsiderations of individual 

taxa, the changes in percentages for individual categories are perhaps less apparent 

than expected based on the above mentioned rate of change. We particularly addressed the 

Data Deficient taxa, which resulted in the shift of 102 taxa in total (11.4%) to other categories 

(including 6 excluded or not evaluated taxa). Of them, 14 were moved from the Vanished 

to the Regionally Extinct Category but the rest are now either listed among threatened 

taxa (57) or Lower Risk and Least Concern taxa (25). The high number of recent 

floristic surveys is best illustrated by the rediscovery of 28 Vanished and even one ‘Regionally 

Extinct’ species. New data on earlier non-Data Deficient taxa accounted mostly 

for a decrease in the threat evaluation, which is the case for 79 taxa (8.8%) in total, but on 

the other hand, for 41 taxa (4.6%) the threat evaluation was increased. 

It is more difficult to compare the percentages in the various threat categories in different 

countries than to compare checklists. Although the criteria used in different countries 

to evaluate species for inclusion on the Red List are largely identical (IUCN criteria used 

in most European countries for which there are Red Lists, although neighbouring Austria 

and Germany use their own criteria), the baseline data for the different regions vary greatly 

in both quantity and quality, and even the application of the criteria is very far from being 

comparable. For example, the authors of the Hungarian Red List (Papp et al. 2010), who 

use the same criteria as used in the Czech Republic, including the LC-att and DD-va subcategories, 

use the Data Deficient (21.1%) and Lower Risk (17.3%) categories more frequently, 

while the authors of the Swiss Red List (Schnyder et al. 2004) treat 259 species 

(24.4.% of their bryoflora and 62% of their Red-Listed species) as Vulnerable based on 

criterion D2, i.e. their rarity in terms of very few locations or area of occupancy. Despite 

the various approaches, the numbers of threatened versus non-threatened species in central-European 

countries are very similar and substantially higher than in, e.g., the United 

Kingdom or Sweden (see Table 1). 

Analysis of the Czech bryoflora 

As reported above, there are 863 accepted species with 5 additional subspecies and 23 

varieties, in the modern taxonomic sense, in the Czech bryoflora, i.e. taxa for which there 

is some genetic background and evolutionary history and which are not just based on 

phenotypic plasticity. Nine additional species, currently regarded as taxonomically doubtful, 

might in the future be added to the list if taxonomic studies provide the justification for 

this and/or the morphological characters that can be used for their identification, and 17 

additional taxa if their historical (or eventually recent) occurrence is verified. The composition 

of the Czech flora can be analysed in several ways as outlined below.

840 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Table 1. – Comparison of the Red Lists of selected countries. Percentages of taxa in particular categories are shown. 

Categories Czech 

Republic 

(this study) 

Slovakia 

(Kubinská et 

al. 2001) 

Hungary 

(Papp et al. 

2010) 

Switzerland 

(Schnyder et 

al. 2004 

UK 

(Hodgetts 

2011) 

Sweden 

(www 1 ) 

RE 4.5% 2.9% 0.5% 1.4% 2.4% 1.6% 

CR 7.8% 10.5% 3.0% 5.6% 1.5% 0.7% 

EN 9.9% 11.4% 13.7% 5.4% 3.8% 3.7% 

VU 10.4% 12.3% 9.6% 26.0% 8.2% 5.6% 

Sum of Red-Listed 32.6% 37.1% 26.7% 38.4% 15.9% 11.6% 

extinct and threatened taxa 

LR 7.4% 9.4% 17.3% 6.2% 7.4% 6.1% 

DD 6.1% 8.1% 21.1% 9.0% 1.8% 4.1% 

LC 53.8% 45.4% 34.9% 46.4% 74.9% 78.3% 

Sum of evaluated taxa 892 909 659 1083 1056 2 

1072 3 

1 http://www.artfakta.se/GetSpecies.aspx, accessed on March 20, 2012. 

2 Sum of evaluated taxa inferred from Hill et al. (2008) 

3 Sum of evaluated taxa inferred from Hallingbäck et al. (2006). 

Speciation-related problems 

Because the structure of bryophytes is simple and some morphological and anatomical 

characters that can be used to identify them are confined to the ephemeral sporophytic 

stage, bryologists have always found it difficult to identify species. Only recently, with the 

advent of molecular techniques, have bryophyte taxonomists realized the extent of two 

important phenomena, which make it difficult to delimit species. The first is cryptic 

speciation, which is the molecular divergence and evolution of separate lineages, sometimes 

showing the characteristics of good biological species, but differing little if at all 

morphologically. The second is the role of hybridization in the formation of taxa, which is 

mostly accompanied by polyploidization. 

Cryptic speciation is documented, e.g. in the liverwort genera Pellia, Aneura and 

Calypogeia (Buczkowska 2004, Buczkowska & Bączkiewicz 2011, Wachowiak et al. 

2007) and moss genera Hamatocaulis and Rhynchostegium (Hedenäs & Eldenäs 2007, 

Hutsemékers et al. 2012), and it is assumed or has been already documented that the formally 

undescribed sibling species reported in these papers do occur in the Czech Republic, 

representing moreover probably only the “tip of an iceberg”. Morphological characters 

that can be used for naming the earlier not recognized cryptic lineages have in some cases 

been successfully identified (e.g., Conocephalum salebrosum, see annot. 4 above) and this 

process is likely to continue in the future. 

Moss hybrids have rarely been identified and formally described in the past and have 

generally been omitted from checklists, including the European list of Hill et al. (2006). 

The Polish catalogue (Ochyra et al. 2003) represents a rare exception, listing the putatively 

hybridogeneous taxa Funaria ×hybrida R. Ruthe ex Limpr. and Physcomitrella ×hampei 

Limpr., which are also likely to occur in the Czech Republic. Recent studies have shown 

that there are allopolyploid hybrids, commonly of polytopic origin, not only in taxa that 

have traditionally been regarded as difficult (Porella ×baueri, removed from the main list, 

see under Not Evaluated – taxonomically doubtful taxa) but also in taxa that have the characteristics 

of typical species, with clear morphological characters, ecology and pattern of


distribution (Plagiomnium medium, Polytrichum longisetum, Sphagnum auriculatum, 

S. majus, S. papillosum and others). The situation needs to be clarified e.g. in the Metzgeria 

conjugata/simplex and Riccia ciliifera/gougetiana complexes, which are no longer 

included in the main list, and also in Sphagnum inundatum, in which the equivocal morphological 

delimitation is obviously related to its complex speciation pattern (Shaw et al. 

2008, 2012). 

Native status, invasive and spreading species 

Of the taxa that are known to occur in the Czech Republic the majority are native, with new 

records of bryophytes being published nearly every year, depending on the level of 

bryofloristic activity and application of latest taxonomic treatments, which recognize new 

taxa. With respect to non-native (exotic) taxa, bryophytes differ from vascular plants mainly 

in the fact that such species are hardly ever deliberately introduced and the recording of such 

accidental introductions is poor (Essl & Lambdon 2009). Most of the unintentional introductions 

are ephemeral escapes of tropical and subtropical species from greenhouses that 

are usually not included on lists of non-native plants of individual regions and are also not 

included in this list, which is in accordance with the practice adopted by Pyšek et al. (2002). 

Bryophytes may not only commonly be cryptogenic in the sense of Carlton (1996), i.e. not 

clearly native or exotic (alien), because of the way species that enter the Czech Republic 

from a neighbouring region and spread are evaluated. They are categorized as non-native if 

they arrived from an area in which they are also non-native but native if they are native in the 

area from which they spread (Pyšek et al. 2004). However, in bryophytes this differentiation 

may be less straightforward or even arbitrary, because native status in the area of origin may 

be disputed (cf. the status of Didymodon umbrosus in the British Isles, Smith 2006) and 

moreover the character of the spontaneous spreading/invasion of individual bryophyte species 

hardly differs between putatively ‘native in the neighbouring/next-to-neighbouring 

area’ and non-native taxa. Hence we have summarized the available information for known 

cases of non-native and recently spreading species and explain the particular circumstances 

in each case. For the definition of the terms see Pyšek et al. (2004). 

Non-native species 

Lunularia cruciata – probably a casual alien, widespread in the Mediterranean area and western Europe, 

which regularly occurs in botanical gardens and parks and sometimes it is reported for extended periods of time in 

natural biotopes in the Czech Republic (Prokopské údolí valley in Prague), probably dependent on the repeated 

adventive supply of diaspores. 

Campylopus introflexus – invasive, introduced to the British Isles from Southern Hemisphere, first recorded 

in the Czech Republic in 1988 (Novotný 1990) and currently spreading rapidly (Mikulášková 2006). Campylopus 

introflexus is probably the only Czech non-native species that depends on human activity for its spread (exploited 

peatlands or other easily colonizable substrates). 

Orthodontium lineare – invasive non-native species, first recorded in the Czech Republic in 1964 (Futschig & 

Kurková 1977), rapidly spreading throughout the country (Soldán 1996) in natural habitats. 

Didymodon umbrosus – probably a naturalized non-invasive species, first recorded in 1997 (Kučera 1999). Not 

yet reported from any other than its initial locality near Prague, revisited by JK in 1998 and 2000. 

Native species that are extending their ranges and cryptogenic species 

Campylopus flexuosus – probably a native species, which was regarded as very rare by older authors (e.g. 

Velenovský 1897), is nowadays widely distributed in sandstone regions and dry pine woods throughout the country 

and seems to be spreading.

842 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

Campylopus pyriformis – was first reported from the Czech Republic in the 2003 checklist, although the revision 

of herbarium material showed that it was collected earlier (one from 1899 and another from 1968). It is currently 

widely scattered in south-western and the southern part of the country and is perhaps still spreading. 

Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens – first reported from this country by Pilous (1993), based on the 

adventive occurrence in an abandoned limestone pit. Since then, the species seems to be spreading in similar habitats 

and along the roads and interestingly, the revision of unidentified herbarium material of Pottiaceae, revealed 

earlier collections, among others the probably native occurrence on rocks in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. 

Dicranum tauricum – according to the bryoflora of Czechoslovakia (Pilous & Duda 1960), this species was 

reported to occur only ‘rarely in eastern Slovakia’. First Czech reports started to appear in early 1990s (Anonymous 

1993). Franklová (1997) summarized the known distribution, based on an old herbarium record from 1927, 

two records from 1977–1978 and an increasing number of records since 1989. 

Dicranoweisia cirrata – known from the Czech Republic since the time of the early bryological studies but 

recorded only extremely sporadically between the first record in 1884 and early 1980s (Plášek 2001). Since then, 

the species has spread widely, particularly as an epiphyte. 

Orthotrichum pulchellum – apparently native in western Europe and otherwise occurring only in western 

North America but now a cryptogenic species spreading in many countries of western to central Europe. Its rapid 

expansion after apparently completely vanishing in Germany started in early 1990s (Frahm 2002), together with 

other (sub)oceanic taxa (Ulota phyllantha, Zygodon conoideus, Dendrocryphaea lamyana, Orthotrichum consimile, 

Metzgeria temperata), of which the latter three have already been recorded in neighbouring Saxony and Bavaria 

(Müller 2004, Meinunger & Schröder 2007). The rate of spread of O. pulchellum is moderate and no adverse 

effect on native epiphytes has been observed. 

Orthotrichum rogeri – regarded as native, historically known from a single locality in northern Moravia near 

Šumperk. Spreading at a moderate rate from Saxony since 2008 (Kučera 2009b) in a way comparable to that of 

Orthotrichum pulchellum. The source of recolonization lies obviously outside the Czech Republic. 

Uncertain cases 

Zygodon dentatus, Orthotrichum patens, Metzgeria violacea, Orthotrichum tenellum and Microlejeunea ulicina 

and many other epiphytes might belong among taxa that have started to spread in this country, although in the case 

of the latter two species there is only a single recent record, and their eventual spread is only inferred from the situation 

in neighbouring regions of Germany (Seifert 2009). The spread of epiphytes following the improvement in 

air quality in recent decades occurred in all central-European countries. It is interesting that the restored habitat is 

not simply being reclaimed by earlier occurring epiphytes but rather earlier unknown or extremely rarely occurring 

species emerge, often using migratory routes different from the historical ones (the above mentioned 

Orthotrichum rogeri, Zygodon viridissimus). The cases of recently spreading terrestrial bryophytes are less 

clearly documented but Endogemma caespiticia is an example; whether the terrestrial species of Bryum and 

Pohlia with rhizoidal and axillary gemmae are spreading, is not known, as they were recognized only in the last 

three decades. 

Phytogeographic considerations 

Phytogeographic aspects of the bryophytes occurring in the Czech Republic have never 

been studied in a comprehensive way and this task goes far beyond the scope of this article. 

The main problem is the incomplete knowledge of the world-wide distribution of those 

bryophytes occurring in Europe, and also the generally broad distribution pattern of most 

European bryophytes, which is very difficult to simplify and abstract in a way that could 

be easily used in regional bryophytogeographic analyses. Dierßen (2001) tried to summarize 

the available phytogeographic information on European bryophytes, based largely on 

earlier works by Düll, but his evaluation is difficult to apply for the above mentioned reasons 

and in many cases his evaluation is very different from our experience, hence we have 

refrained from presenting a general phytogeographic analysis of the Czech bryoflora and 

a comparison with that of neighbouring countries. 

The geographic position of the Czech Republic in central Europe, which is influenced 

both by oceanic and continental climatic conditions but at the same time is protected from


their more extreme effects, latitudinally belongs to the middle of the temperate zone and 

altitudinally mostly occupies the lower and middle altitudes, barely touching the lower 

alpine zone in the highest mountain ranges. The presence of individual species and their 

distribution has historically been determined by climate changes, particularly numerous 

and severe during the Pleistocene, although significant climate changes have occurred 

throughout the Holocene, local geology and geomorphology (influencing the 

microclimatic condition), human activity and the dispersal and establishment abilities. 

Logically, the Czech bryoflora contains the majority of the broadly distributed, temperate, 

or boreo-montane elements. 

With respect to the gradients of oceanity and continentality, the Czech bryoflora has several 

dozens of suboceanic elements, which more or less reach their eastern-European limit 

of distribution in the Czech Republic or at last markedly decrease in abundance further east – 

Anastrepta orcadensis, Cephalozia macrostachya, Kurzia spp., Microlejeunea ulicina, 

Nardia compressa, Odontoschisma sphagni and Scapania compacta may be named among 

the liverworts and Campylopus and Dicranodontium species, Kindbergia praelonga, 

Fissidens rufulus, Hookeria lucens, Hypnum imponens, Isothecium myosuroides, Mnium 

hornum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Rhabdoweisia crenulata, Thamnobryum alopecurum 

and Zygodon dentatus among the mosses, to name just a few examples. The more pronouncedly 

oceanic species commonly do not occur in the Czech Republic, although 

recorded in Germany or Austria, sometimes even close to their border with the Czech 

Republic (e.g. Metzgeria temperata, Solenostoma paroicum, Frullania microphylla, 

Leptodontium flexifolium, Syntrichia pagorum, Racomitrium obtusum, Zygodon conoideus, 

Pterogonium gracile, Isothecium holtii and Hygrohypnum eugyrium). Interestingly, 

while there are several suboceanic bryophytes among them, which are now regarded 

extinct or vanished from Czech Republic (Gymnomitrion obtusum, Pallavicinia lyellii, 

Neckera pumila, Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, Sphagnum austinii, Ulota drummondii), 

another group of suboceanic taxa is now spreading eastwards, particularly but not solely, 

the epiphytes (Orthotrichum pulchellum, Microlejeunea ulicina, Campylopus introflexus, 

C. pyriformis). Subcontinental elements in the Czech flora are much rarer and mostly can 

be attributed to the Pannonian migration route (Hilpertia velenovskyi, Syntrichia 

caninervis) but there are also rare examples of eastern boreal elements (Callicladium 

haldanianum and also the common Eurhynchium angustirete, which is increasingly rare 

west of the Czech border). Tortula lingulata is another example of a taxon with a very limited 

(subendemic) distribution centred in the eastern Baltic region. 

The Czech Republic is also the region, where several circumboreal species reach their 

southern limit of distribution and a few southern taxa are at their northern limit. Wellknown 

examples of circumarctic or circumboreal taxa at their southern limit in the Czech 

Republic are Sphagnum lindbergii, Discelium nudum and the vanished Dichelyma 

falcatum and Sphagnum jensenii (known from Poland just a few dozen metres from our 

boundary) can be added to these examples if we do not limit our considerations to political 

boundaries. Southern species generally do not reach their northern limit in the Czech 

Republic but mostly extend to the warm, subcontinental regions of Germany via the 

Pannonian route (Didymodon acutus, D. cordatus, Hilpertia velenovskyi) or have reached 

the oceanically influenced regions in north-western Europe in the case of the species 

spreading from the southwest. A rare and remarkable example of a subcontinental southeastern 

element is the probably extinct Syntrichia caninervis, with one historical locality

844 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 

in southern Moravia, and the only known example of the extant Illyric-Insubric element is 

Frullania inflata, known from several close by locations in southern Moravia. Two primarily 

Alpine species that occur in the Czech Republic are Plagiothecium neckeroideum, 

occurring only in the Šumava Mts (Bohemian Forest) and Streblotrichum enderesii, 

known from one historical locality in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. 

There are very few examples of convincingly stenoendemic bryophyte species in 

Europe, because the ability of bryophytes to disperse is considerable and the rate of 

speciation accompanied by observable morphological changes is relatively low. Therefore, 

despite the fact that many originally believed endemic species are described for 

Europe, they have later either been synonymized with earlier described, broadly distributed 

taxa, or have been recorded from other localities in Europe or beyond. Several dozens 

of broadly distributed species were originally described from the Czech Republic, including 

e.g. Racomitrium sudeticum described from Krkonoše Mts and Fossombronia 

wondraczekii and Hilpertia velenovskyi, from localities in what is now Prague. Bryum 

moravicum, described by Podpěra as a southern-Moravian endemic from one locality near 

Řeznovice, was recently shown to be the oldest name for a widely distributed species, 

which has been known under several different names (Kučera & Holyoak 2005). Three 

taxa were described recently from the Czech Republic: Platyhypnidium grolleanum 

Ochyra, which probably represents only a rheophytic modification of Rhynchostegium 

riparioides, and two Orthotrichum taxa – O. moravicum and O. affine var. bohemicum.It 

is likely that further localities of the latter two taxa will be reported from adjacent countries 

in the near future, as the latter taxon has been recorded in the USA (Plášek in Ellis et 

al. 2012). An interesting example of a relatively stenoendemic species that was described 

from the Czech Republic and not so far recorded elsewhere than in central Europe, is 

Anthoceros neesii. Although it occurs in the common, broadly distributed biotope of stubble 

fields in submontane regions on non-calcareous substrates, it seems to be surprisingly 

rare and was long regarded as having vanished from our bryoflora, until its rediscovery in 

2010 (Koval & Zmrhalová 2010). 

With respect to relic taxa, the reasons for their scarcity and the problems with their 

identification are the same as for the regional endemics. It can be assumed that species of 

severely fragmented fen biotopes, which are entirely dependent on non-specific vegetative 

propagation, can be considered to be relics from the Ice Age. These species are generally 

under strong threat (Drepanocladus sendtneri, D. trifarius, Helodium blandowii, Meesia 

triquetra, Paludella squarrosa, Scorpidium scorpioides) or have already become extinct 

(Bryum longisetum, Drepanocladus lycopodioides, Meesia longiseta). Glacial relics can 

also be identified among the arctic-alpine elements, although these are more often species 

that sporulate and hence it cannot be excluded that their populations were sometimes 

boosted by propagules from the Alps or other mountain ranges during the Holocene. Nevertheless, 

this group of species seems to be currently declining in abundance (Anthelia 

juratzkana, Gymnomitrion corallioides, Lophozia wenzelii, Dicranum elongatum, 

Grimmia elatior, Kiaeria falcata) or such species have apparently become extinct in the 

past few decades (Gymnomitrion adustum, G. brevissimum, Arctoa fulvella, Grimmia 

unicolor, Ochyraea smithii, Pohlia obtusifolia, Polytrichastrum sexangulare), as a consequence 

of successional changes connected with the warming of the climate in the recent 

century.


Earlier authors speculated about the possibility of pre-glacial relics. This seems to be 

particularly tempting in cases of bryophytes occurring in biotopes where the level of competition 

from vascular plants is very low and which are believed not to have grown by 

woods during the last climatic optima or were climatically stable with respect to specific 

geomorphological and geological conditions. Suza (1938) believed that Oxymitra 

incrassata, Riccia ciliifera and R. ciliata, which occur in the valleys of larger rivers in 

southern Moravia, might be Tertiary relics, Pospíšil (1962) suggests a similar scenario for 

the occurrence of Frullania inflata near Znojmo and later (Pospíšil 1968) for Pleistocene 

refugia for Homalothecium lutescens, Entodon concinnus, Rhytidium rugosum and 

Abietinella abietina. Similarly the occurrence of Targionia hypophylla at the ventaroles 

on Boreč hill was regarded as a relict population that goes back to the Tertiary (Pilous 

1959). Nevertheless, sound evidence of the length of time these bryophytes have been 

present at these localities is missing. 

Acknowledgements 

We would like to acknowledge the provision of baseline data and valuable discussions on the evaluation of individual 

taxa with Vítězslav Plášek (Silesian University, Ostrava), Táňa Štechová, Jiří Košnar and Eva Holá (University 

of South Bohemia, České Budějovice), Magda Zmrhalová (Museum Šumperk), Štěpán Koval (Sobotín), 

Ivana Marková (NP České Švýcarsko) and many others. Petr Pyšek (Institute of Botany, Průhonice) is acknowledged 

for stimulating discussions and pointing out references on alien species and the reviewers who helped us 

improve the text. Agency for the Nature and Landscape Protection (AOPK ČR) is greatly acknowledged for funding 

the surveillance of endangered and data-deficient taxa in preceding years. Jan Kučera acknowledges funding 

from grant MSMT no. 6007665801. 

Souhrn 

Předkládáme stručnou analýzu bryoflóry České republiky založenou na aktualizované verzi seznamu a červeného 

seznamu mechorostů České republiky. Do soupisu druhů byly zahrnuty veškeré nové nálezy a revize vztahující se 

k našemu území a taxonomická pojetí rodů, druhů i poddruhových taxonů byla přizpůsobena nejnovějším taxonomickým 

a fylogenetickým studiím. Hlavní seznam nyní obsahuje 863 druhy mechorostů (4 hlevíky, 207 játrovek 

a 652 mechů) s 5 dalšími poddruhy a 23 všeobecně uznávanými varietami; 9 dalších druhů je uvedeno jako taxonomicky 

problematických a nejistý či neprokázaný výskyt je dokumentován pro 17 dalších druhů. Zároveň jsme 

znovu kompletně přehodnotili podkladová data pro aplikaci IUCN 3.1 kritérií pro vytvoření revidovaného červeného 

seznamu mechorostů, který předkládáme zároveň se seznamem. Z 892 hodnocených taxonů bylo 46 % vyhodnoceno 

jako splňující některé z kritérií pro zařazení do červeného seznamu (40 taxonů v kategorii RE, 70 

v CR, 88 v EN, 93 ve VU, 66 v LR-nt, 24 v DD-va a 30 v DD), 54 % bylo hodnocených jako neohrožených, z nich 

ovšem 120 zůstává v seznamu druhů vyžadujících pozornost (podkategorie LC-att). V analýze bryoflóry diskutujeme 

taxonomické problémy, které ovlivnily naše rozhodování v hodnocení oprávněnosti rozeznávání druhů 

i hodnocení kritérií potenciální ohroženosti, pokusili jsme se sestavit seznam nepůvodních, invazních 

a expanzních mechorostů ČR a rozebíráme specifické problémy mechorostů z hlediska původu a invazivnosti. 

Dotýkáme se také fytogeografických aspektů reliktnosti, okrajů areálu, endemismu a uvádíme významné elementy 

z hlediska kontinua kontinentality a oceanity. 

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Received 24 March 2012 

Revision received 27 June 2012 

Accepted 29 June 2012

Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red ...

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