Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red ...
Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red ...
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Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 813<br />
<strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>: <strong>updated</strong> <strong>checklist</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List<br />
<strong>and</strong> a brief analysis<br />
Bry<strong>of</strong>lóra České republiky: aktualizace seznamu a červeného seznamu a stručná analýza<br />
Dedicated to <strong>the</strong> centenary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> Botanical Society (1912–2012)<br />
Jan K u č e r a 1 , Jiří Vá ň a 2 & Zbyněk H r a d í l e k 3<br />
1 University <strong>of</strong> South Bohemia, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Branišovská 31, CZ–370 05 České<br />
Budějovice, <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, e-mail: kucera@prf.jcu.cz; 2 Charles University Prague,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Botany, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Benátská 2, CZ–128 01 Prague 2, <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong>, e-mail: vana@natur.cuni.cz; 3 Palacký University Olomouc, Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Botany, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Science, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc-Holice, <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>,<br />
e-mail: zbynek.hradilek@upol.cz.<br />
Kučera J., Váňa J. & Hradílek Z. (2012): <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>: <strong>updated</strong> <strong>checklist</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List <strong>and</strong> a brief analysis. – Preslia 84: 813–850.<br />
The bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> is analysed using an <strong>updated</strong> version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong> that<br />
includes recent taxonomic <strong>and</strong> nomenclatural changes. In addition, <strong>the</strong> baseline data was completely<br />
revised using <strong>the</strong> IUCN 3.1 criteria. The main list includes 863 species <strong>of</strong> bryophytes (4<br />
hornworts, 207 liverworts <strong>and</strong> 652 mosses) with 5 additional subspecies <strong>and</strong> 23 generally recognized<br />
varieties; 9 additional species are listed as <strong>of</strong> doubtful taxonomic status <strong>and</strong> 17 o<strong>the</strong>r species<br />
are evaluated as <strong>of</strong> uncertain occurrence. Of <strong>the</strong> 892 taxa evaluated, 46% qualified for inclusion in<br />
<strong>Red</strong> List categories (40 taxa in category RE, 70 in CR, 88 in EN, 93 in VU, 66 in LR-nt, 24 in DD-va<br />
<strong>and</strong> 30 in DD), while 54% are considered Least Concern (LC). We discuss <strong>the</strong> taxonomic problems<br />
that influenced our decisions when compiling both <strong>the</strong> check- <strong>and</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Lists, try to identify <strong>the</strong> alien,<br />
invasive <strong>and</strong> spreading species <strong>of</strong> bryophytes, <strong>and</strong> touch upon several phytogeographic aspects,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> questions <strong>of</strong> relictness <strong>and</strong> bryophyte endemics in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong>.<br />
K e y w o r d s: central Europe, <strong>checklist</strong>, <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, endemics, relic, hornworts, liverworts,<br />
mosses, phytogeography, <strong>Red</strong> List<br />
Introduction<br />
The intensity with which <strong>the</strong> bryophyte <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> has been studied since<br />
<strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> 18th century has varied. Fortunately, <strong>the</strong> last 20 years is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> periods <strong>of</strong><br />
greatest bryological activity in <strong>the</strong> whole history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> states that existed at <strong>the</strong> territory <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> current <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, which allows us to present a relatively complete <strong>checklist</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
species <strong>and</strong> assess <strong>the</strong>ir frequency <strong>of</strong> occurrence <strong>and</strong> list <strong>the</strong> threatened species categorized<br />
in terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> potential threat to <strong>the</strong>ir survival.<br />
Two major versions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bryophyte <strong>checklist</strong> for <strong>the</strong> territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong><br />
have been published over <strong>the</strong> last 15 years – <strong>the</strong> first by Váňa (1997, 1998) <strong>and</strong> a second by<br />
Kučera & Váňa (2003), which was followed by an <strong>updated</strong> version in <strong>Czech</strong> (Kučera &<br />
Váňa 2005). The last two <strong>checklist</strong>s include <strong>Red</strong> Lists <strong>of</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryophytes, evaluated<br />
using <strong>the</strong> IUCN criteria in <strong>the</strong> latest version 3.1 (IUCN 2001). We continue our practice <strong>of</strong><br />
simultaneously publishing check- <strong>and</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Lists, as this is <strong>the</strong> only way <strong>of</strong> evaluating all<br />
currently known taxa against <strong>the</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List criteria <strong>and</strong> statistically determining <strong>the</strong> current<br />
level <strong>of</strong> threat to this country’s bryo<strong>flora</strong>.
814 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Methods<br />
For this compilation <strong>of</strong> an <strong>updated</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>, previous versions (Kučera & Váňa 2003,<br />
2005), which were based on extensive revisions <strong>of</strong> herbarium material <strong>of</strong> critical taxa,<br />
were used as a basis. With respect to nomenclature <strong>and</strong> taxonomic considerations, such as<br />
generic <strong>and</strong> specific concepts, we attempted to update our previous concepts in accordance<br />
with recent published results except for those cases for which <strong>the</strong> last published<br />
treatments still await a broader consensus (notably <strong>the</strong> moss order Hypnales <strong>and</strong> moss<br />
genera Bryum, Pohlia, Grimmia <strong>and</strong> Racomitrium). In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> mosses, our treatment<br />
mostly follows <strong>the</strong> European <strong>checklist</strong> <strong>of</strong> Hill et al. (2006), with <strong>the</strong> eventual differences<br />
listed in <strong>the</strong> synonymy or to improve <strong>the</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing explicitly commented on. The differences<br />
from <strong>the</strong> last published complete European <strong>checklist</strong>s <strong>of</strong> liverworts <strong>and</strong> hornworts<br />
(Grolle & Long 2000, Söderström et al. 2002) were more numerous as a consequence<br />
<strong>of</strong> recent major systematic rearrangements based on <strong>the</strong> latest molecular studies.<br />
The name changes <strong>of</strong> hepatics particularly affected <strong>the</strong> earlier wide delimitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
genera Anastrophyllum, Jamesoniella, Jungermannia <strong>and</strong> Lophozia (Yatsentyuk et al.<br />
2004, de Roo et al. 2007, Konstantinova & Vilnet 2009, Feldberg et al. 2010a, 2010b,<br />
Vilnet et al. 2011, while <strong>the</strong> genus Apometzgeria is no longer recognized as different from<br />
Metzgeria (Fuselier et al. 2011), <strong>and</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earlier defined Marsupella<br />
were transferred to Gymnomitrion following <strong>the</strong> treatment by Váňa et al. (2010). In<br />
mosses, <strong>the</strong> changes in comparison with Hill et al. (2006) applied particularly to <strong>the</strong><br />
generic delimitations <strong>of</strong> Amblystegiaceae, Calliergonaceae (Hedenäs & Rosborg 2009,<br />
V<strong>and</strong>erpoorten & Hedenäs 2009, Hedenäs 2011) <strong>and</strong> Neckeraceae (Olsson et al. 2011)<br />
<strong>and</strong> in addition different generic concepts applied to Lescuraea, Hygrohypnum <strong>and</strong><br />
Campylophyllum, following Ignatov et al. (2007), Polytrichastrum <strong>and</strong> Polytrichum (Bell<br />
& Hyvönen 2010), Dicranoweisia (Ochyra et al. 2003), Barbula (Köckinger & Kučera<br />
2011) <strong>and</strong> Tortula, which we underst<strong>and</strong> to include Phascum <strong>and</strong> Protobryum. O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
minor changes are commented on under individual taxa. For <strong>the</strong> ease <strong>of</strong> orientation, we<br />
have included cross-references (following <strong>the</strong> ⇒ sign) to generic names that differ from<br />
those used in <strong>the</strong> previous version <strong>and</strong> to <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong> <strong>of</strong> European mosses.<br />
Author citations are mostly those used in previous versions <strong>of</strong> our <strong>checklist</strong>s, over<br />
which much effort was spent tracing <strong>the</strong> correct spelling in cases when <strong>the</strong> commonly used<br />
authoritative sources (Index Muscorum, Index Hepaticarum, Grolle & Long 2000, Ochyra<br />
et al. 2003) differed. We have newly adopted <strong>the</strong> convention <strong>of</strong> Hill et al. 2006 <strong>of</strong> not citing<br />
<strong>the</strong> pre-Hedwigian names validated by Hedwig (1801). One new combination is proposed<br />
below.<br />
The process by which we evaluated our taxa against <strong>the</strong> IUCN 3.1 criteria is described<br />
by Kučera & Váňa (2003). We continue to recognize <strong>the</strong> “Vanished” subcategory within<br />
Data Deficient taxa (DD-va), i.e. taxa not recorded for a long period <strong>of</strong> time (more than<br />
≈30 years) but with a realistic chance <strong>of</strong> being refound, ra<strong>the</strong>r than distributing <strong>the</strong>m into<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r categories, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘attention list’ as a subcategory <strong>of</strong> Least Concern taxa (LC-att),<br />
which we use for less well known taxa for which <strong>the</strong>re is limited information on <strong>the</strong>ir current<br />
distribution <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> potential threat to <strong>the</strong>m. Such taxa need to be closely monitored in<br />
<strong>the</strong> future as <strong>the</strong>y might ei<strong>the</strong>r qualify for inclusion in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List in future versions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>checklist</strong> or might prove not to be threatened.
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 815<br />
Results<br />
Composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> moss <strong>flora</strong><br />
The bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, based on present taxonomic concepts <strong>and</strong> current<br />
state <strong>of</strong> knowledge, contains 4 species <strong>of</strong> hornworts, 207 species <strong>of</strong> liverworts with two<br />
additional subspecific taxa <strong>and</strong> one additional variety, <strong>and</strong> 652 species <strong>of</strong> mosses with 3<br />
additional subspecific taxa <strong>and</strong> 23 additional varieties. The hornworts are attributed to 3<br />
genera, liverworts to 76 genera <strong>and</strong> mosses to 194 genera. Nine additional species are<br />
listed among <strong>the</strong> taxonomically problematic taxa, which occur or have been reported from<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>and</strong> 17 species <strong>and</strong> two additional infraspecific taxa that are reported<br />
but <strong>the</strong> records could not be verified based on <strong>the</strong> herbarium specimens. We were also able<br />
to exclude two additional historically reported species, in addition to 42 species excluded<br />
in previous versions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>.<br />
<strong>Red</strong> List<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> 892 evaluated taxa, 411 (46%) qualified for <strong>Red</strong> Listing <strong>and</strong> included regionally<br />
extinct (RE), data deficient (DD) <strong>and</strong> lower risk (LR) taxa, while 480 taxa (54%) were<br />
evaluated as Least Concern <strong>and</strong> 120 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are placed on <strong>the</strong> ‘attention list’. Forty taxa<br />
are now thought to be extinct <strong>and</strong> 24 o<strong>the</strong>rs are regarded Data Deficient-Vanished (DDva).<br />
Thirty taxa are categorized as Data-Deficient in <strong>the</strong> strict sense (DD), i.e. those with<br />
existing recent records <strong>and</strong> 66 taxa are listed as Lower Risk-Near Threatened (LR-nt). 251<br />
taxa (28%) are regarded as threatened, <strong>of</strong> which 70 are in <strong>the</strong> highest, Critically Endangered<br />
(CR) category, 88 in <strong>the</strong> Endangered (EN) category <strong>and</strong> 93 are regarded as Vulnerable<br />
(VU).<br />
List <strong>of</strong> bryophyte taxa <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> as <strong>of</strong> 2012 1<br />
(a) Accepted native <strong>and</strong> naturalized taxa<br />
Hornworts<br />
Anthoceros agrestis Paton LC<br />
Anthoceros neesii Prosk. EN [C1]<br />
Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) A. Gray CR [C2a(i)]<br />
Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk. LC<br />
Liverworts<br />
Anastrepta orcadensis (Hook.) Schiffn. LC-att<br />
⇒ Anastrophyllum p. pte. – see under Crossocalyx <strong>and</strong> Sphenolobus<br />
Anastrophyllum michauxii (F. Weber) H. Buch EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Aneura maxima (Schiffn.) Steph. LR-nt [D1] (annot. 1)<br />
Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
An<strong>the</strong>lia julacea (L.) Dumort. VU [D2]<br />
An<strong>the</strong>lia juratzkana (Limpr.) Trevis. CR [B1ab(iii, v)+2ab(iii, v), C2a(i, ii), D]<br />
⇒ Apometzgeria – see under Metzgeria<br />
⇒ Asterella p. pte. – see under Mannia<br />
Asterella saccata (Wahlenb.) A. Evans EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Barbilophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Loeske (Lophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Dumort.) LC<br />
Barbilophozia hatcheri (A. Evans) Loeske (Lophozia hatcheri (A. Evans) Steph.) LC
816 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Barbilophozia lycopodioides (Wallr.) Loeske (Lophozia lycopodioides (Wallr.) Cogn.) LC<br />
Bazzania flaccida (Dumort.) Grolle VU [C1; D1]<br />
Bazzania tricrenata (Wahlenb.) Lindb. LR-nt [C1]<br />
Bazzania trilobata (L.) Gray (incl. var. depauperata (Müll. Frib.) Grolle) LC<br />
Bian<strong>the</strong>ridion undulifolium (Nees) Konst. et Vilnet (Jamesoniella undulifolia (Nees) Müll. Frib.) RE<br />
Blasia pusilla L. LC<br />
Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. LC – only var. trichophyllum<br />
Calypogeia azurea Stotler et Crotz LC<br />
Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi LR-nt [D1]<br />
Calypogeia integristipula Steph. LC<br />
Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffn.) Müll. Frib. LC<br />
Calypogeia neesiana (C. Massal. et Carestia) Müll. Frib. LC<br />
Calypogeia sphagnicola (Arnell et J. Perss.) Warnst. et Loeske LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); D1] (annot. 2)<br />
Calypogeia suecica (Arnell et J. Perss.) Müll. Frib. LR-nt [C1]<br />
Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Cephalozia catenulata (Huebener) Lindb. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1]<br />
Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. LC<br />
Cephalozia lacinulata J. B. Jack ex Spruce RE<br />
Cephalozia leucantha Spruce LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1]<br />
Cephalozia loitlesbergeri Schiffn. VU [D1]<br />
Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dumort.) Dumort. LC<br />
Cephalozia macrostachya Kaal. VU [D1]<br />
Cephalozia pleniceps (Austin) Lindb. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); D1]<br />
Cephaloziella divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn. LC<br />
Cephaloziella elachista (J. B. Jack ex Gottsche et Rabenh.) Schiffn. EN [B1+2ab(iii, v); D1]<br />
Cephaloziella elegans (Heeg) Schiffn. CR [D1]<br />
Cephaloziella grimsulana (J. B. Jack ex Gottsche et Rabenh.) Lacout. EN [D1]<br />
Cephaloziella hampeana (Nees) Schiffn. LC-att<br />
Cephaloziella rubella (Nees) Warnst. LC<br />
Cephaloziella spinigera (Lindb.) Warnst. VU [D1]<br />
Cephaloziella stellulifera (Taylor ex Spruce) Schiffn. CR [D1]<br />
Chiloscyphus coadunatus (Sw.) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea coadunata (Sw.) Mont., Chiloscyphus<br />
latifolius (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust.) LC (annot. 3)<br />
1<br />
For <strong>the</strong> convenience <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> readers, we briefly explain <strong>the</strong> abbreviations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IUCN criteria used (IUCN 2001):<br />
Criterion A (only A2a used) – reduction in population size based on (subcriterion A2) an observed, estimated,<br />
inferred or suspected population size reduction <strong>of</strong> ≈30% (category VU) over <strong>the</strong> last 10 years or 3 generations,<br />
whichever is <strong>the</strong> longer, where <strong>the</strong> reduction or its causes may not have ceased or may not be understood or may<br />
not be reversible, based on (A2a) direct observation.<br />
Criterion B – geographic range in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r B1 (extent <strong>of</strong> occurrence) or B2 (area <strong>of</strong> occupancy) or<br />
both <strong>and</strong> estimates indicating at least two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following: (B1/B2a) Severely fragmented or known to exist at<br />
only 1 (CR),
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 817<br />
Chiloscyphus cuspidatus (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort., Lophocolea<br />
cuspidata (Nees) Limpr.) LC-att (annot. 3)<br />
Chiloscyphus minor (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea minor Nees) LC<br />
Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm.) Dumort. (Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. pallescens (Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm.)<br />
C. Hartm.) LC-att (annot. 3)<br />
Chiloscyphus polyanthos (L.) Corda LC<br />
Chiloscyphus pr<strong>of</strong>undus (Nees) J. J. Engel et R. M. Schust. (Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort.) LC<br />
Cladopodiella fluitans (Nees) H. Buch EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i); D1]<br />
Cladopodiella francisci (Hook.) H. Buch ex Jörg. CR [B2ab(v); C2a(i); D1]<br />
Cololejeunea calcarea (Lib.) Schiffn. VU [D1]<br />
Cololejeunea rossettiana (C. Massal.) Schiffn. VU [D1]<br />
Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Conocephalum salebrosum Szweyk., Buczkowska et Odrzykoski LC (annot. 4)<br />
Crossocalyx hellerianus (Nees ex Lindenb.) Meyl. (Anastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees ex Lindenb.) R. M.<br />
Schust.) EN [B2ab(iv); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Diplophyllum obtusifolium (Hook.) Dumort. LC<br />
Diplophyllum taxifolium (Wahlenb.) Dumort. LC<br />
Endogemma caespiticia (Lindenb.) Konstant., Vilnet et A.V. Troitsky (Jungermannia caespiticia Lindenb.) LC-att<br />
Fossombronia angulosa (Dicks.) Raddi RE<br />
Fossombronia foveolata Lindb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Fossombronia pusilla (L.) Nees DD-va<br />
Fossombronia wondraczekii (Corda) Lindb. LC<br />
Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Frullania fragilifolia (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. et Nees CR [C2a(i); D1]<br />
Frullania inflata Gottsche EN [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i); D]<br />
Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort. LR-nt [C1]<br />
Geocalyx graveolens (Schrad.) Nees VU [D1]<br />
Gymnocolea inflata (Huds.) Dumort. LC<br />
Gymnomitrion adustum Nees (Marsupella adusta (Nees) Spruce) RE<br />
Gymnomitrion alpinum (Gottsche ex Husn.) Schiffn. (Marsupella alpina (Gottsche ex Husn.) Bernet) EN [D1]<br />
Gymnomitrion brevissimum (Schleich. ex Dumort.) Warnst. (Marsupella brevissima (Dumort.) Grolle) RE<br />
Gymnomitrion concinnatum (Lightf.) Corda LC-att<br />
Gymnomitrion corallioides Nees CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i); D1]<br />
Gymnomitrion obtusum Lindb. RE<br />
Haplomitrium hookeri (Sm.) Nees CR [B1+2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Harpanthus flotovianus (Nees) Nees VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Harpanthus scutatus (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Spruce EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Heterogemma capitata (Hook.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia capitata (Hook.) Macoun) VU [D1+D2]<br />
Hygrobiella laxifolia (Hook.) Spruce VU [D2]<br />
Isopaches bicrenatus (Schmidel ex H<strong>of</strong>fm.) H. Buch (Lophozia bicrenata (Schmidel ex H<strong>of</strong>fm.) Dumort.) LR-nt [D1]<br />
⇒ Jamesoniella – see under Bian<strong>the</strong>ridion <strong>and</strong> Syzygiella<br />
⇒ Jungermannia p. pte. – see under Endogemma, Liochlaena <strong>and</strong> Solenostoma<br />
Jungermannia atrovirens Dumort. VU [D1+D2]<br />
Jungermannia pumila With. LR-nt [D1]<br />
Kurzia pauci<strong>flora</strong> (Dicks.) Grolle VU [D1]<br />
Kurzia sylvatica (A. Evans) Grolle LC-att<br />
Kurzia trichoclados (Müll. Frib.) Grolle EN [C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Leiocolea badensis (Gottsche) Jörg. (Lophozia badensis (Gottsche) Schiffn.) VU [D2]<br />
Leiocolea bantriensis (Hook.) Jörg. (Lophozia bantriensis (Hook.) Steph.) LC<br />
Leiocolea heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) H. Buch (Lophozia heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) M. Howe) CR<br />
[B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
⇒ Lejeunea p. pte. – see under Microlejeunea<br />
Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb. LC<br />
Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Liochlaena lanceolata Nees (Jungermannia leiantha Grolle) LR-nt [D1]<br />
Liochlaena subulata (A. Evans) Schljakov (Jungermannia subulata A. Evans) CR [B2ab(v); C2a(i); D1]
818 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
⇒ Lophozia p. pte. – see under Barbilophozia, Heterogemma, Isopaches, Leiocolea, Lophoziopsis, Obtusifolium,<br />
Orthocaulis, Pseudolophozia, Schistochilopsis, Schljakovia <strong>and</strong> Schljakovianthus<br />
⇒ Lophocolea – see under Chiloscyphus<br />
Lophozia ascendens (Warnst.) R. M. Schust. EN [C2a(i); D1]<br />
Lophozia guttulata (Lindb.) A. Evans (Lophozia longi<strong>flora</strong> auct.) LC (annot. 5)<br />
Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort.<br />
var. ventricosa LC<br />
var. silvicola (H. Buch) E. W. Jones LC-att<br />
Lophozia wenzelii (Nees) Steph. CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Lophoziopsis excisa (Dicks.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort.) LC-att<br />
Lophoziopsis longidens (Lindb.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia longidens (Lindb.) Macoun) LR-nt [D1]<br />
Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Mannia fragrans (Balbis) Frye et L. Clark LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1]<br />
Mannia gracilis (F. Weber) Schill et D. G. Long (Asterella gracilis (F. Weber) Underw.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Mannia tri<strong>and</strong>ra (Scop.) Grolle CR [B1ab(iii, v)+2ab(iii, v), C2a(i, ii), D]<br />
Marchantia polymorpha L.<br />
subsp. polymorpha LC<br />
subsp. montivagans Bischl. et Boisselier LC-att<br />
subsp. ruderalis Bischl. et Boisselier LC<br />
⇒ Marsupella p. pte. – see under Gymnomitrion<br />
Marsupella aquatica (Lindenb.) Schiffn. (Marsupella emarginata var. aquatica (Lindenb). Dumort.) LC<br />
Marsupella emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. LC<br />
Marsupella funckii (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Dumort. LR-nt [D1]<br />
Marsupella sparsifolia (Lindb.) Dumort. CR [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Marsupella sphacelata (Gieseke ex Lindenb.) Dumort. LC<br />
Marsupella sprucei (Limpr.) Bernet EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. LC<br />
Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Metzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Raddi (Apometzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Kuwah.) LC-att<br />
Metzgeria violacea (Ach.) Dumort. VU [D1]<br />
Microlejeunea ulicina (Taylor) A. Evans (Lejeunea ulicina (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. et Nees) CR [D1] (annot. 6)<br />
Moerckia blyttii (Moerch) Brockm. EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Moerckia flotoviana (Nees) Schiffn. CR [C2a(i); D1] (annot. 7)<br />
Mylia anomala (Hook.) Gray (Leiomylia anomala (Hook.) J. J. Engel et Braggins) LC<br />
Mylia taylorii (Hook.) Gray LC<br />
Nardia compressa (Hook.) Gray VU [D2]<br />
Nardia geoscyphus (De Not.) Lindb. LC<br />
Nardia insecta Lindb. DD-va<br />
Nardia scalaris Gray LC<br />
Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. LC-att<br />
Obtusifolium obtusum (Lindb.) S. W. Arnell (Lophozia obtusa (Lindb.) A. Evans) EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Odontoschisma denudatum (Mart.) Dumort. LC-att<br />
Odontoschisma sphagni (Dicks.) Dumort. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Orthocaulis atlanticus (Kaal.) H. Buch (Lophozia atlantica (Kaal.) Müll. Frib., Barbilophozia atlantica (Kaal.)<br />
Müll. Frib.) RE<br />
Orthocaulis attenuatus (Mart.) A. Evans (Lophozia attenuata (Mart.) Dumort., Neoorthocaulis attenuatus<br />
(Mart.) L. Söderstr., Roo et Hedd., Barbilophozia attenuata (Mart.) Loeske) LC<br />
Orthocaulis floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) H. Buch (Lophozia floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schiffn.,<br />
Neoorthocaulis floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) H. Buch, Barbilophozia floerkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr)<br />
Loeske) LC<br />
Oxymitra incrassata (Brot.) Sérgio et Sim-Sim EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. RE<br />
Pedinophyllum interruptum (Nees) Kaal. LC-att<br />
Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. LC<br />
Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda LC<br />
Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. LC<br />
Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Dumort. LC
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 819<br />
Plagiochila porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Lindenb. LC<br />
Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle LR-nt [A2(a); C1+C2a(i); D1]<br />
Porella cordaeana (Huebener) Moore LR-nt [C1+C2a(i); D1]<br />
Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. LC<br />
Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees LC<br />
Pseudolophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) Grolle,<br />
Barbilophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) L. Söderstr., Roo et Hedd.) LC<br />
Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe LC<br />
Ptilidium pulcherrimum (G. Weber) Vainio LC<br />
Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Radula lindenbergiana Gottsche ex C. Hartm. VU [D2]<br />
Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi LR-nt [C1; D1]<br />
Riccardia chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle VU [B2ab(iii, v); D1]<br />
Riccardia incurvata Lindb. VU [B2ab(iii, v); D1]<br />
Riccardia latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb. LC-att<br />
Riccardia multifida (L.) Gray LC-att<br />
Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth. LC-att<br />
Riccia bifurca H<strong>of</strong>fm. LC-att<br />
Riccia canaliculata H<strong>of</strong>fm. DD-va<br />
Riccia cavernosa H<strong>of</strong>fm. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2b]<br />
Riccia ciliata H<strong>of</strong>fm. (R. crinita Taylor, R. canescens Steph., R. trichocarpa M. Howe) LR-nt [C2a(i)] (annot. 8)<br />
Riccia ciliifera Link ex Lindenb. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Riccia fluitans L. LC<br />
Riccia glauca L. LC<br />
Riccia huebeneriana Lindenb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2a(i)]<br />
Riccia papillosa Moris CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Riccia rhenana Lorb. ex Müll. Frib. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Riccia sorocarpa Bisch. LC<br />
Riccia warnstorfii Limpr. ex Warnst. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2b]<br />
Scapania aequiloba (Schwägr.) Dumort. LR-nt [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Scapania apiculata Spruce CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)] (annot. 9)<br />
Scapania aspera Bernet et M. Bernet VU [B2ab(iv, v); D1]<br />
Scapania calcicola (Arnell et J. Perss.) Ingham EN [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Scapania carinthiaca J.B. Jack ex Lindb. (only in var. massalongoi Müll. Frib.) RE<br />
Scapania compacta (A. Roth) Dumort. DD-va<br />
Scapania curta (Mart.) Dumort. LC<br />
Scapania cuspiduligera (Nees) Müll. Frib. VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i); D1]<br />
Scapania gymnostomophila Kaal. EN [C2a(i); D1]<br />
Scapania helvetica Gottsche CR [C2a(i)]<br />
Scapania irrigua (Nees) Nees LC<br />
Scapania lingulata H. Buch EN [D1]<br />
Scapania mucronata H. Buch DD<br />
Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle LC<br />
Scapania paludicola Loeske et Müll. Frib. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); D1]<br />
Scapania paludosa (Müll. Frib.) Müll. Frib. VU [D1]<br />
Scapania parvifolia Warnst. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Scapania praetervisa Meyl. VU [B2ab(iii); D1]<br />
Scapania sc<strong>and</strong>ica (Arnell et H. Buch) Macvicar DD<br />
Scapania subalpina (Nees ex Lindenb.) Dumort. LR-nt [D1]<br />
Scapania uliginosa (Sw. ex Lindenb.) Dumort. LC<br />
Scapania umbrosa (Schrad.) Dumort. LC<br />
Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort. LC<br />
Schistochilopsis gr<strong>and</strong>iretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Konst. (Lophozia gr<strong>and</strong>iretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Schiffn.) VU<br />
[B2ab(v)]<br />
Schistochilopsis incisa (Schrad.) Konst. (Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort.) LC<br />
Schistochilopsis opacifolia (Culm. ex Meyl.) Konst. (Lophozia opacifolia Culm. ex Meyl.) DD-va
820 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Schljakovia kunzeana (Huebener) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia kunzeana (Huebener) A. Evans, Barbilophozia<br />
kunzeana (Huebener) Müll. Frib., Orthocaulis kunzeanus (Huebener) H. Buch) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, c; C2a(i); D1]<br />
Schljakovianthus quadrilobus (Lindb.) Konst. et Vilnet (Lophozia quadriloba (Lindb.) A. Evans, Barbilophozia<br />
quadriloba (Lindb.) Loeske) EN [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Solenostoma confertissimum (Nees) Schljakov (Jungermannia confertissima Nees) VU [D1+D2]<br />
Solenostoma gracillimum (Mitt.) R. M. Schust. (Jungermannia gracillima Sm.) LC<br />
Solenostoma hyalinum (Lyell) Mitt. (Jungermannia hyalina Lyell) LR-nt [D1]<br />
Solenostoma obovatum (Nees) C. Massal. (Jungermannia obovata Nees) LC<br />
Solenostoma sphaerocarpum (Hook.) Steph. (Jungermannia sphaerocarpa Hook.) LC<br />
Solenostoma subellipticum (Lindb. ex Kaal.) R. M. Schust. (Jungermannia subelliptica (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Levier)<br />
VU [D1]<br />
Sphenolobus minutus (Schreb.) Berggr. (Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb.) R. M. Schust.) LC – only in var.<br />
weberi (Mart.) Schiffn.<br />
Sphenolobus saxicola (Schrad.) Steph. (Anastrophyllum saxicola (Schrad.) R. M. Schust.) VU [D2]<br />
Syzygiella autumnalis (DC.) Feldberg, Váňa, Hentschel et Heinrichs (Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph.) VU<br />
[B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Targionia hypophylla L. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i); D1]<br />
Tetralophozia setiformis (Ehrh.) Schljakov VU [D2]<br />
Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort. LC-att<br />
Tritomaria exsecta (Schmidel) Schiffn. ex Loeske LC<br />
Tritomaria exsectiformis (Breidl.) Schiffn. ex Loeske LC-att<br />
Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) H. Buch LC<br />
Mosses<br />
Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) Schimp.)<br />
var. abietina LC<br />
var. hystricosa (Mitt.) Sakurai (Thuidium abietinum var. hystricosum (Mitt.) Loeske et L<strong>and</strong>e) DD<br />
Acaulon muticum (Hedw.) Müll. Hal. LC-att<br />
Acaulon triquetrum (Spruce) Müll. Hal. VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Alleniella besseri (Lobarzewski) S. Olsson, Enroth et D. Qu<strong>and</strong>t (Neckera besseri (Lobarzewski) Jur.) LC<br />
Alleniella complanata (Hedw.) S. Olsson, Enroth et D. Qu<strong>and</strong>t (Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener) LC<br />
Aloina aloides (Koch ex Schultz) Kindb.<br />
var. aloides DD-va<br />
var. ambigua (Bruch et Schimp.) E. J. Craig (Aloina ambigua (Bruch et Schimp.) Limpr.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Aloina brevirostris (Hook. et Grev.) Kindb. CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i, ii)+C2b]<br />
Aloina obliquifolia (Müll. Hal.) Broth. LC<br />
Aloina rigida (Hedw.) Limpr. LC<br />
Amblyodon dealbatus (Hedw.) P. Beauv. CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
⇒ Amblystegium p. pte. – see under Hygroamblystegium, Pseudoamblystegium, Pseudocampylium <strong>and</strong> Serpoleskea<br />
Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Amphidium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Amphidium mougeotii (Bruch et Schimp.) Schimp. LC<br />
Anacamptodon splachnoides (Froel. ex Brid.) Brid. EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Andreaea crassinervia Bruch CR [B1+2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Andreaea frigida Huebener CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Andreaea rothii F. Weber et D. Mohr<br />
subsp. rothii EN [B2ab(iv, v); C1+C2a(i)]<br />
subsp. falcata (Schimp.) Lindb. LC-att<br />
Andreaea rupestris Hedw. LC – only in var. rupestris.<br />
Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. EN [B1+2ab(v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Anomobryum concinnatum (Spruce) Lindb. (Anomobryum julaceum var. concinnatum (Spruce) J. E. Zetterst.)<br />
CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener LC<br />
Anomodon longifolius (Schleich. ex Brid.) Hartm. LC<br />
Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. DD-va<br />
Anomodon rugelii (Müll. Hal.) Keissl. VU [B1+2ab(iii)]
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 821<br />
Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. et Taylor LC<br />
Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. LC-att<br />
Archidium alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. CR [B2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Arctoa fulvella (Dicks.) Bruch et Schimp. RE<br />
Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iv); C2a(i)]<br />
Atrichum flavisetum Mitt. (Atrichum undulatum var. gracilisetum Besch.) DD<br />
Atrichum tenellum (Röhl.) Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC<br />
Aulacomnium <strong>and</strong>rogynum (Hedw.) Schwägr. LC<br />
Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. LC<br />
⇒ Barbula p. pte. – see under Streblotrichum<br />
Barbula crocea (Brid.) F. Weber et D. Mohr) CR [C2a(i)] (annot. 10)<br />
Barbula unguiculata Hedw. LC<br />
Bartramia halleriana Hedw. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. LC-att<br />
Bartramia pomiformis Hedw. LC<br />
Blindia acuta (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
Brachydontium trichodes (F. Weber) Milde LC-att<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>ciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium velutinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC<br />
⇒ Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium p. pte. – see under Brachy<strong>the</strong>ciastrum <strong>and</strong> Sciuro-hypnum<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium campestre (Müll. Hal.) Schimp. LC-att<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium capillaceum (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Giacom. DD-va<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium geheebii Milde EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. LC<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium laetum (Brid.) Schimp. EN [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. LC-att – only in var. mildeanum<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium rivulare Schimp. LC<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC – only in var. rutabulum<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium salebrosum (H<strong>of</strong>fm. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. LC<br />
Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Ignatov et Huttunen (Cirriphyllum tommasinii (Sendt. ex<br />
Boulay) Grout)<br />
var. tommasinii LC<br />
var. fagineum (H. Müll. ex Milde) Jan Kučera, comb. nova. Basionym: Eurhynchium vaucheri var. fagineum<br />
H. Müll. ex Milde, Bryologia Silesiaca 304. 1869. (Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis (Spruce) Kartt.,<br />
Eurhynchium germanicum Grebe) CR [B1+2ab(iii, v)] (annot. 11)<br />
Breidleria pratensis (W. D. J. Koch ex Spruce) Loeske (Hypnum pratense W. D. J. Koch ex Spruce) LC-att<br />
Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens (Stirt.) Giacom. LC-att<br />
Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P. C. Chen LC<br />
Bryum algovicum Sendtn. ex Müll. Hal. DD-va<br />
Bryum alpinum Huds. ex With. LR-nt [C1]<br />
Bryum archangelicum Bruch et Schimp. (Bryum imbricatum (Schwägr.) Bruch et Schimp.) EN [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Bryum argenteum Hedw. LC<br />
Bryum boreale (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Funck (Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwägr., Ptychostomum boreale<br />
(F. Weber et D. Mohr) Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra, Bryum lonchocaulon Müll. Hal., Bryum cirrhatum<br />
Hoppe et Hornsch., hom. illeg.) LC (annot. 12)<br />
Bryum caespiticium Hedw. LC<br />
Bryum capillare Hedw. LC<br />
Bryum creberrimum Taylor EN [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Bryum cyclophyllum (Schwägr.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, v)c(iii, iv); C2a(i)]<br />
Bryum dichotomum Hedw. (Bryum bicolor Dicks.) LC<br />
Bryum elegans Nees LR-nt [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Bryum funkii Schwägr. (‘funckii’ auct.) DD<br />
Bryum gemmiferum R. Wilczek et Demaret LC-att (annot. 13)<br />
Bryum intermedium (Brid.) Bl<strong>and</strong>ow CR [B2ab(v)]<br />
Bryum klinggraeffii Schimp. LC<br />
Bryum kunzei Hoppe et Hornsch. DD
822 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Bryum longisetum Bl<strong>and</strong>ow ex Schwägr. RE<br />
Bryum mildeanum Jur. VU [D1+D2]<br />
Bryum moravicum Podp. (Bryum laevifilum Syed) LC<br />
Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [D2]<br />
Bryum pallens Sw. ex Anon. LC<br />
Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb.<br />
var. pseudotriquetrum LC<br />
var. bimum (Schreb.) Lilj. (Bryum bimum (Schreb.) Turner) LC-att<br />
var. neodamense (Itzigs.) Buse (Bryum neodamense Itzigs.) RE (annot. 14)<br />
Bryum radiculosum Brid. LC-att<br />
Bryum rubens Mitt. LC<br />
Bryum ruderale Crundw. et Nyholm DD<br />
Bryum sauteri Bruch et Schimp. DD<br />
Bryum schleicheri Schwägr. CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Bryum subapiculatum Hampe LC<br />
Bryum tenuisetum Limpr. DD<br />
Bryum torquescens Bruch et Schimp. DD<br />
Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i); D1]<br />
Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Bryum violaceum Crundw. et Nyholm LC<br />
Bryum weigelii Spreng. LC-att<br />
Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. LR-nt [C1+C2a(i)]<br />
Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. et DC.) Brid. ex Moug. et Nestl. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) H. A. Crum VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. LC<br />
Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Calliergon megalophyllum Mikut. RE<br />
Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske LC<br />
Calliergonella lindbergii (Mitt.) Hedenäs LC<br />
Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus (Brid.) R. S. Chopra LC<br />
Campyliadelphus elodes (Lindb.) K<strong>and</strong>a DD-va<br />
Campylidium calcareum (Crundw. et Nyholm) Ochyra (Campylophyllum calcareum (Crundw. et Nyholm)<br />
Hedenäs) LC-att<br />
Campylidium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra (Campylophyllum sommerfeltii (Myrin) Hedenäs) LC-att (annot. 15)<br />
Campylium protensum (Brid.) Kindb. LC-att<br />
Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) Lange et C. E. O. Jensen LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
⇒ Campylophyllum p. pte. – see under Campylidium<br />
Campylophyllum halleri (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. EN [B2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Campylopus fragilis (Brid.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att<br />
Campylopus intr<strong>of</strong>lexus (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. LC-att<br />
Campylopus subulatus Schimp. ex Milde VU [D1+D2]<br />
Campylostelium saxicola (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. LC – only on subsp. purpureus<br />
Cinclidotus aquaticus (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. RE<br />
Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Cinclidotus riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn. VU [D2]<br />
⇒ Cirriphyllum p. pte. – see under Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium<br />
Cirriphyllum crassinervium (Taylor) Loeske et M. Fleisch. (Eurhynchium crassinervium (Taylor) Schimp.) LC<br />
Cirriphyllum piliferum (Hedw.) Grout LC<br />
Cleistocarpidium palustre (Bruch et Schimp.) Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra VU [B2ab(iii, iv); C2a(i)]<br />
Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F. Weber et D. Mohr LC<br />
Conardia compacta (Müll. Hal.) H. Rob. EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Coscinodon cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce LC<br />
Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce LC<br />
Crossidium squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. (incl. var. pottioideum (De Not.) Mönk.) CR [B2ab(iii, v)]
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 823<br />
Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. LC<br />
Cynodontium bruntonii (Sm.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att<br />
Cynodontium gracilescens (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. VU [D2]<br />
Cynodontium polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Cynodontium strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. LC<br />
Cynodontium tenellum (Schimp.) Limpr. VU [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Dichelyma falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin DD-va<br />
Dichodontium palustre (Dicks.) M. Stech LC-att<br />
Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Dicranella cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Dicranella crispa (Hedw.) Schimp. DD-va<br />
Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Dicranella humilis R. Ru<strong>the</strong> VU [D1+D2]<br />
Dicranella rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp. LC<br />
Dicranella schreberiana (Hedw.) Dixon LC<br />
Dicranella staphylina H. Whitehouse LC<br />
Dicranella subulata (Hedw.) Schimp. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Dicranodontium asperulum (Mitt.) Broth. LR-nt [B2ab(v); C1+C2a(i)]<br />
Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E. Britton LC<br />
Dicranodontium uncinatum (Harv.) A. Jaeger EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
⇒ Dicranoweisia p. pte. – see under Hymenoloma<br />
Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. LC<br />
Dicranum bonjeanii De Not. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1]<br />
Dicranum elongatum Schleich. ex Schwägr. EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Dicranum flagellare Hedw. LC-att<br />
Dicranum flexicaule Brid. LC<br />
Dicranum fulvum Hook. LC-att<br />
Dicranum fuscescens Sm. LC<br />
Dicranum majus Sm. VU [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+2a(i)]<br />
Dicranum montanum Hedw. LC<br />
Dicranum muehlenbeckii Bruch et Schimp. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Dicranum polysetum Sw. ex Anon. LC<br />
Dicranum scoparium Hedw. LC<br />
Dicranum spadiceum J. E. Zetterst. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i, ii)]<br />
Dicranum spurium Hedw. LC-att<br />
Dicranum tauricum Sapjegin LC<br />
Dicranum undulatum Schrad. ex Brid. LC-att<br />
Dicranum viride (Sull. et Lesq.) Lindb. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Didymodon acutus (Brid.) K. Saito LC-att<br />
Didymodon cordatus Jur. VU [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er LC<br />
Didymodon ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M. O. Hill LC<br />
Didymodon glaucus Ryan VU [C1+C2a(i)]<br />
Didymodon insulanus (De Not.) M. O. Hill LC<br />
Didymodon luridus Hornsch. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. LC<br />
Didymodon sinuosus (Mitt.) Delogne VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Didymodon spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. LR-nt [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1]<br />
Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa LC-att<br />
Didymodon umbrosus (Müll. Hal.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er (Didymodon australasiae var. umbrosus (Müll. Hal.) R. H.<br />
Z<strong>and</strong>er) NE (alien; annot. 16)<br />
Didymodon validus Limpr. (Didymodon rigidulus var. validus (Limpr.) Düll) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] (annot. 17)<br />
Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Diphyscium foliosum (Hedw.) D. Mohr LC-att<br />
Discelium nudum (Dicks.) Brid. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC
824 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Distichium inclinatum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Ditrichum flexicaule (Schwägr.) Hampe LC<br />
Ditrichum gracile (Mitt.) Kuntze LC-att<br />
Ditrichum heteromallum (Hedw.) E. Britton LC<br />
Ditrichum lineare (Sw.) Lindb. LC-att<br />
Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe LC-att<br />
Ditrichum zonatum (Brid.) Kindb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Drepanocladus polycarpos (Bl<strong>and</strong>ow ex Voit) Warnst.) LC<br />
Drepanocladus longifolius (Mitt.) Paris (Drepanocladus capillifolius (Warnst.) Warnst.) DD-va<br />
Drepanocladus lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst. (Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs) RE<br />
Drepanocladus polygamus (Schimp.) Hedenäs VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Drepanocladus sendtneri (Schimp. ex H. Müll.) Warnst. CR [B2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Drepanocladus sordidus (Müll. Hal.) Hedenäs RE<br />
Drepanocladus trifarius (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Broth. ex Paris (Pseudocalliergon trifarium (F. Weber et D.<br />
Mohr) Loeske) CR [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Encalypta affinis R. Hedw. RE<br />
Encalypta ciliata Hedw. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Encalypta rhaptocarpa Schwägr. (annot. 18)<br />
var. rhaptocarpa EN<br />
var. leptodon Lindb. (Encalypta trachymitria Ripart) DD<br />
var. spathulata (Müll. Hal.) Husn. (Encalypta spathulata Müll. Hal.) DD-va<br />
Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. LC<br />
Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. LC<br />
Entodon concinnus (De Not.) Paris LC-att<br />
Entodon schleicheri (Schimp.) Demet. DD<br />
Entosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll. Hal. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Entosthodon muhlenbergii (Turner) Fife (Funaria muhlenbergii Turner) CR [B1+2ab(iii)c(iv)]<br />
Entosthodon pulchellus (H. Philib.) Brugués (Funaria pulchella H. Philib.) EN [B1+2ab(iii)c(iii, iv); C2a(i)]<br />
(annot. 19)<br />
Ephemerum cohaerens (Hedw.) Hampe DD-va<br />
Ephemerum minutissimum Lindb. LC<br />
Ephemerum recurvifolium (Dicks.) Boulay VU [B2ab(iii)c(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Ephemerum serratum (Hedw.) Hampe DD<br />
Eucladium verticillatum (With.) Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn.) LC-att<br />
⇒ Eurhynchium p. pte. – see under Cirriphyllum, Eurhynchiastrum, Kindbergia, Microeurhynchium,<br />
Oxyrrhynchium, Plasteurhynchium, <strong>and</strong> Sciuro-hypnum<br />
Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T. J. Kop. LC<br />
Eurhynchium striatum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC-att<br />
Exserto<strong>the</strong>ca crispa (Hedw.) S. Olsson, Enroth et D. Qu<strong>and</strong>t (Neckera crispa Hedw.) LC<br />
Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. LC-att<br />
Fissidens arnoldii R. Ru<strong>the</strong> EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii, iv); C2a(i, ii)]<br />
Fissidens bambergeri Milde EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)] (annot. 20)<br />
Fissidens bryoides Hedw. LC – only in var. bryoides<br />
Fissidens crassipes Wilson ex Bruch et Schimp. DD-va – only in subsp. crassipes<br />
Fissidens dubius P. Beauv.<br />
var. dubius LC<br />
var. mucronatus (Breidl. ex Limpr.) Kartt., Hedenäs et L. Söderstr. LC<br />
Fissidens exilis Hedw. LC<br />
Fissidens fontanus (Bach. Pyl.) Steud. (Octodiceras fontanum (Bach. Pyl.) Lindb.) LR-nt [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. et Nyholm LC<br />
Fissidens gymn<strong>and</strong>rus Buse LC<br />
Fissidens limbatus Sull. DD (annot. 21)<br />
Fissidens osmundoides Hedw. LC-att<br />
Fissidens pusillus (Wilson) Milde LC-att<br />
Fissidens rufulus Bruch et Schimp. LR-nt [B2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)]
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 825<br />
Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. LC – only in subsp. taxifolius<br />
Fissidens viridulus (Sw. ex Anon.) Wahlenb.<br />
var. viridulus LC<br />
var. incurvus (Starke ex Röhl.) Waldh. (Fissidens incurvus Starke ex Röhl.) LC-att<br />
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. LC (annot. 22)<br />
Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm. EN [B2ab(iii)] – only in var. hypnoides<br />
Fontinalis squamosa Hedw. LC<br />
⇒ Funaria p. pte. – see under Entosthodon<br />
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. LC<br />
Grimmia alpestris (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schleich. VU<br />
Grimmia anodon Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Grimmia anomala Hampe ex Schimp. VU [D2]<br />
Grimmia atrata Miel. ex Hornsch. VU [D2]<br />
Grimmia caespiticia (Brid.) Jur. DD<br />
Grimmia crinita Brid. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Grimmia dissimulata E. Maier DD (annot. 23)<br />
Grimmia donniana Sm. LC<br />
Grimmia elatior Bruch ex Bals.-Criv. et De Not. CR [B2ab(iii, v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Grimmia elongata Kaulf. LR-nt [D2]<br />
Grimmia funalis (Schwägr.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att<br />
Grimmia hartmanii Schimp. LC<br />
Grimmia incurva Schwägr. LC<br />
Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. LC<br />
Grimmia longirostris Hook. LC<br />
Grimmia montana Bruch et Schimp. LC-att<br />
Grimmia muehlenbeckii Schimp. LC<br />
Grimmia orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson LC-att<br />
Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. LC<br />
Grimmia plagiopodia Hedw. RE<br />
Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. LC<br />
Grimmia ramondii (Lam. et DC.) Margad. LC-att<br />
Grimmia sessitana De Not. (Grimmia reflexidens Müll. Hal. fide Muñoz (1998)) VU [D2]<br />
Grimmia teretinervis Limpr. CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Grimmia tergestina Tomm. ex Bruch et Schimp. LC-att<br />
Grimmia torquata Hook. ex Drumm. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Grimmia trichophylla Grev. LC-att<br />
Grimmia unicolor Hook. RE<br />
Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm. LC – only in var. aeruginosum<br />
Gymnostomum calcareum Nees et Hornsch. DD<br />
Gymnostomum viridulum Brid. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs VU [A2(a); B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (incl. var. leucophaea Bruch et Schimp.) LC<br />
Hedwigia stellata Hedenäs DD<br />
Helodium bl<strong>and</strong>owii (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Warnst. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Hennediella heimii (Hedw.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er DD-va – only in var. heimii<br />
Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LC<br />
Herzogiella striatella (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LR-nt [D2]<br />
Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp. LR-nt [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Heterocladium heteropterum (Brid.) Schimp. LC<br />
Hilpertia velenovskyi (Schiffn.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er CR [B1+2ab(v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Homalo<strong>the</strong>cium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob. (incl. var. fallax H. Philib. ex Schimp.) LC<br />
Homalo<strong>the</strong>cium philippeanum (Spruce) Schimp. LC<br />
Homalo<strong>the</strong>cium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Homomallium incurvatum (Schrad. ex Brid.) Loeske LC<br />
Hookeria lucens (Hedw.) Sm. LR-nt [B2ab(iii)]
826 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Hygroamblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC (annot. 24)<br />
Hygroamblystegium humile (P. Beauv.) V<strong>and</strong>erp., G<strong>of</strong>finet et Hedenäs (Amblystegium humile (P. Beauv.)<br />
Crundw.) LC-att<br />
Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. (Amblystegium tenax (Hedw.) C. E. O. Jensen) LC-att<br />
Hygroamblystegium varium (Hedw.) Mönk. (Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb.) LC<br />
Hygrohypnella ochracea (Turner ex Wilson) Ignatov et Ignatova (Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Turner ex Wilson)<br />
Loeske) LC<br />
⇒ Hygrohypnum p. pte. – see under Hygrohypnella <strong>and</strong> Ochyraea<br />
Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. LC<br />
Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum (Spruce) M. Fleisch. (Hylocomium pyrenaicum (Spruce) Lindb.) VU [B1+2ab(iii)]<br />
Hylocomiastrum umbratum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (Hylocomium umbratum ([Ehrh. ex] Hedw.) Schimp.) LC-att<br />
⇒ Hylocomium p. pte. – see under Hylocomiastrum <strong>and</strong> Loeskeobryum<br />
Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Hymenoloma crispulum (Hedw.) Ochyra (Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Milde) LC<br />
Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon VU [C2a(i)] – only in var. recurvirostrum<br />
⇒ Hypnum p. pte. – see under Breidleria<br />
Hypnum <strong>and</strong>oi A. J. E. Sm. LC<br />
Hypnum callichroum Brid. EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. (annot. 25)<br />
var. cupressiforme LC<br />
var. filiforme Brid. LC<br />
var. heseleri (Ando et Higuchi) M. O. Hill (Hypnum heseleri Ando et Higuchi) DD (annot. 26)<br />
var. lacunosum Brid. LC<br />
var. subjulaceum Molendo LR-nt [D1]<br />
Hypnum fertile Sendtn. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Hypnum imponens Hedw. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Hypnum jutl<strong>and</strong>icum Holmen et E. Warncke LC<br />
Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC-att<br />
Hypnum recurvatum (Lindb. et Arnell) Kindb. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. RE – only in var. dolomiticum (Milde) Mönk.<br />
Hypnum sauteri Schimp. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Hypnum vaucheri Lesq. LC-att<br />
Isopterygiopsis muelleriana (Schimp.) Z. Iwats. CR<br />
Isopterygiopsis pulchella (Hedw.) Z. Iwats. CR<br />
Iso<strong>the</strong>cium alopecuroides (Lam. ex Dubois) Isov. LC<br />
Iso<strong>the</strong>cium myosuroides Brid. LC-att – only in var. myosuroides<br />
Kiaeria blyttii (Bruch et Schimp.) Broth. LC<br />
Kiaeria falcata (Hedw.) I. Hagen EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i)]<br />
Kiaeria glacialis (Berggr.) I. Hagen RE<br />
Kiaeria starkei (F. Weber et D. Mohr) I. Hagen LC<br />
Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra (Eurhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC<br />
Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson LC<br />
Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. LC<br />
Lescuraea incurvata (Hedw.) E. Lawton (Pseudoleskea incurvata (Hedw.) Loeske) LC<br />
Lescuraea mutabilis (Brid.) Lindb. ex I. Hagen EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Lescuraea patens Lindb. (Pseudoleskea patens (Lindb.) Kindb.) EN [C2a(i); D1]<br />
Lescuraea plicata (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Lindb. (Ptychodium plicatum (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D.<br />
Mohr) Schimp.) EN [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Lescuraea radicosa (Mitt.) Mönk. (Pseudoleskea radicosa (Mitt.) Macoun et Kindb.) EN [B1+2ab(iv, v); C2a(i); D1]<br />
Lescuraea saxicola (Schimp.) Molendo DD-va<br />
Leskea polycarpa Hedw. LC<br />
Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. LC<br />
Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. LC (annot. 27)<br />
Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. LC – only in var. sciuroides<br />
Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Brid.) M. Fleisch. (Hylocomium brevirostre (Brid.) Schimp.) LR-nt [D2]<br />
Meesia longiseta Hedw. RE<br />
Meesia triquetra (L. ex Jolycl.) Ångstr. CR [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C1+C2a(i)]
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 827<br />
Meesia uliginosa Hedw. CR [B1+2ab(v); C1+C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
⇒ Metaneckera – see under Neckera<br />
Microbryum curvicollum (Hedw.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er (‘curvicolle’ auct.) LC-att<br />
Microbryum davallianum (Sm.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er<br />
var. davallianum VU [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
var. conicum (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er CR [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Microbryum floerkeanum (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. VU [C1+C2a(i)]<br />
Microbryum starckeanum (Hedw.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er DD-va<br />
Microeurhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Ignatov et V<strong>and</strong>erp. (Oxyrrhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Loeske,<br />
Eurhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Schimp.) DD (annot. 28)<br />
Mielichh<strong>of</strong>eria mielichh<strong>of</strong>eriana (Funck) Loeske CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)]<br />
Mnium hornum Hedw. LC<br />
Mnium lycopodioides Schwägr. (Mnium ambiguum H. Müll.) LC-att<br />
Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) P. Beauv. LC – only in var. marginatum<br />
Mnium spinosum (Voit) Schwägr. LC<br />
Mnium spinulosum Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
Mnium stellare Hedw. LC<br />
Mnium thomsonii Schimp. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Myurella julacea (Schwägr.) Schimp. EN [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
⇒ Neckera p. pte. – see under Alleniella <strong>and</strong> Exserto<strong>the</strong>ca<br />
Neckera menziesii Drumm. (Metaneckera menziesii (Drumm.) Steere) CR [C2a(i)]<br />
Neckera pennata Hedw. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Neckera pumila Hedw. RE<br />
Nyholmiella gymnostoma (Bruch ex Brid.) Holmen et E. Warncke (Orthotrichum gymnostomum Bruch ex Brid.)<br />
RE (annot. 29)<br />
Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Brid.) Holmen et E. Warncke (Orthotrichum obtusifolium Brid.) LC<br />
Ochyraea duriuscula (De Not.) Ignatov et Ignatova (Hygrohypnum duriusculum (De Not.) D. W. Jamieson,<br />
Hygrohypnella duriuscula (De Not.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LR-nt [C2a(i)] (annot. 30)<br />
Ochyraea mollis (Hedw.) Ignatov (Hygrohypnum molle (Hedw.) Loeske) DD<br />
Ochyraea smithii (Sw.) Ignatov et Ignatova (Hygrohypnum smithii (Sw.) Broth.) RE<br />
⇒ Octodiceras – see under Fissidens<br />
Oligotrichum hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. et DC. LC<br />
Oncophorus wahlenbergii Brid. RE – only in var. wahlenbergii<br />
Orthodontium lineare Schwägr. LC<br />
Ortho<strong>the</strong>cium intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. LC<br />
Ortho<strong>the</strong>cium rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. RE<br />
⇒ Orthotrichum p. pte. – see under Nyholmiella<br />
Orthotrichum affine Schrad. ex Brid.<br />
var. affine LC<br />
var. bohemicum Plášek et Sawicki DD (annot. 31)<br />
Orthotrichum alpestre Hornsch. ex Bruch et Schimp. CR [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. LC<br />
Orthotrichum cupulatum H<strong>of</strong>fm. ex Brid.<br />
var. cupulatum LC<br />
var. riparium Huebener RE<br />
Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad. ex Brid. LC<br />
Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. et Taylor LC-att<br />
Orthotrichum moravicum Plášek et Sawicki DD (annot. 32)<br />
Orthotrichum pallens Bruch ex Brid. LC<br />
Orthotrichum patens Bruch ex Brid. LR-nt [D1]<br />
Orthotrichum pulchellum Brunt. ex Sm. LC-att (annot. 33)<br />
Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. ex Anon. LC<br />
Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. VU [D1]<br />
Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr. VU [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Orthotrichum scanicum Grönvall CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)]<br />
Orthotrichum speciosum Nees LC<br />
Orthotrichum stellatum Brid. CR [C2a(i)]
828 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. LC<br />
Orthotrichum striatum Hedw. LC-att<br />
Orthotrichum tenellum Bruch ex Brid. DD (annot. 34)<br />
Orthotrichum urnigerum Myrin VU [B2ab(iii); C1]<br />
Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Loeske (Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) S<strong>and</strong>e Lac.) LC<br />
Oxyrrhynchium schleicheri (R. Hedw.) Röll (Eurhynchium schleicheri (R. Hedw.) Milde) LC<br />
Oxyrrhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. (Eurhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Jur.) LC-att<br />
Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. et Taylor) A. J. E. Sm. (Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. et Taylor) Lindb.) LC-att<br />
Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra LC<br />
Palustriella decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra LC-att<br />
Palustriella falcata (Brid.) Hedenäs LC<br />
Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske LC<br />
Paraleucobryum sauteri (Bruch et Schimp.) Loeske RE (annot. 35)<br />
⇒ Phascum – see under Tortula<br />
Philonotis caespitosa Jur. LC-att<br />
Philonotis calcarea (Bruch et Schimp.) Schimp. LC-att<br />
Philonotis capillaris Lindb. (Philonotis arnellii Husn.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. CR [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v)c(iii)]<br />
Philonotis seriata Mitt. LC<br />
Philonotis tomentella Molendo VU [C2a(i); D2]<br />
Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC-att<br />
Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn. VU [B2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)]<br />
Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Physcomitrium sphaericum (C. F. Ludw. ex Schkuhr) Fürnr. VU [B2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)]<br />
Plagiobryum zieri (Hedw.) Lindb. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Plagiomnium affine (Bl<strong>and</strong>ow ex Funck) T. J. Kop. LC<br />
Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. LC<br />
Plagiomnium elatum (Bruch et Schimp.) T. J. Kop. LC-att<br />
Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T. J. Kop. LC-att<br />
Plagiomnium medium (Bruch et Schimp.) T. J. Kop. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T. J. Kop. LC<br />
Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. LC – only in var. undulatum<br />
Plagiopus oederianus (Sw.) H. A. Crum et L. E. Anderson VU [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium cavifolium (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LC<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium curvifolium Schlieph. ex Limpr. LC<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp.<br />
var. denticulatum LC<br />
var. obtusifolium (Turner) Moore (Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium donnianum (Sm.) Mitt.) VU [B2ab(iii); C1; D]<br />
var. undulatum R. Ru<strong>the</strong> ex Geh. (Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium ru<strong>the</strong>i Limpr.) LC-att<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium laetum Schimp. LC<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium latebricola Schimp. VU [B2ab(iv, v); D1]<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium neckeroideum Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium nemorale (Mitt.) A. Jaeger LC<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium platyphyllum Mönk. LC-att<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium succulentum (Wilson) Lindb. LC<br />
Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Plasteurhynchium striatulum (Spruce) M. Fleisch. (Eurhynchium striatulum (Spruce) Schimp.) LC-att<br />
Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) H. A. Crum CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)]<br />
Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Schimp. LC<br />
⇒ Platyhypnidium – see under Rhynchostegium<br />
Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb. LC-att<br />
Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh. LC<br />
⇒ Pleurochaete – see under Tortella<br />
Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. LC<br />
Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 829<br />
Pogonatum nanum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. LC<br />
Pohlia <strong>and</strong>alusica (Höhn.) Broth. LC-att<br />
Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. LC<br />
Pohlia bulbifera (Warnst.) Warnst. LC<br />
Pohlia camptotrachela (Renauld et Card.) Broth. LC-att<br />
Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. LC<br />
Pohlia drummondii (Müll. Hal.) A. L. Andrews LC<br />
Pohlia elongata Hedw. LC-att – only in var. elongata<br />
Pohlia filum (Schimp.) Mårtensson VU [D2]<br />
Pohlia lescuriana (Sull.) Ochi LC-att<br />
Pohlia longicolla (Hedw.) Lindb. (‘longicollis’ auct.) EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i); D1]<br />
Pohlia ludwigii (Spreng. ex Schwägr.) Broth. VU [B1+2ab(iii, iv, v); D2]<br />
Pohlia lutescens (Limpr.) H. Lindb. DD<br />
Pohlia melanodon (Brid.) A. J. Shaw VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.<br />
subsp. nutans LC<br />
subsp. schimperi (Müll. Hal.) Nyholm LR-nt [D2]<br />
Pohlia obtusifolia (Vill. ex Brid.) L. F. Koch RE<br />
Pohlia proligera (Kindb.) Lindb. ex Broth. LC<br />
Pohlia tundrae A. J. Shaw CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] (annot. 36)<br />
Pohlia wahlenbergii (F. Weber et D. Mohr) A. L. Andrews LC (annot. 37)<br />
⇒ Polytrichastrum p. pte. – see under Polytrichum (annot. 38)<br />
Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm. LC<br />
Polytrichastrum sexangulare (Flörke ex Brid.) G. L. Sm. RE<br />
Polytrichum commune Hedw. LC<br />
Polytrichum formosum Hedw. (Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm.) LC<br />
Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. LC<br />
Polytrichum longisetum Sw. ex Brid. (Polytrichastrum longisetum (Sw. ex Brid.) G. L. Sm.) LC<br />
Polytrichum pallidisetum Funck (Polytrichastrum pallidisetum (Funck) G. L. Sm.) LC-att<br />
Polytrichum perigoniale Michx. LC<br />
Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. LC<br />
Polytrichum strictum Menzies ex Brid. LC<br />
Polytrichum uliginosum (Wallr.) Schriebl LC-att (annot. 39)<br />
Pottiopsis caespitosa (Bruch ex Brid.) Blockeel et A. J. E. Sm. (Trichostomum caespitosum (Bruch ex Brid.) Jur.,<br />
Trichostomum pallidisetum H. Müll., Trichostomum triumphans De Not.) CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(ii)]<br />
(annot. 40)<br />
⇒ Protobryum – see under Tortula<br />
Pseudephemerum nitidum (Hedw.) Loeske LC<br />
Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) V<strong>and</strong>erp. et Hedenäs (Serpoleskea subtilis (Hedw.) Loeske, Amblystegium<br />
subtile (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC-att (annot. 41)<br />
Pseudobryum cinclidioides (Huebener) T. J. Kop. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
⇒ Pseudocalliergon – see under Drepanocladus<br />
Pseudocampylium radicale (P. Beauv.) V<strong>and</strong>erp. et Hedenäs (Amblystegium radicale (P. Beauv.) Schimp.) LCatt<br />
(annot. 42)<br />
Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er LC<br />
Pseudocrossidium revolutum (Brid.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
⇒ Pseudoleskea – see under Lescuraea<br />
Pseudoleskeella catenulata (Brid. ex Schrad.) Kindb. LC<br />
Pseudoleskeella nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm LC<br />
Pseudoleskeella rupestris (Berggr.) Hedenäs et L. Söderström VU [D2]<br />
Pseudoleskeella tectorum (Funck ex Brid.) Kindb. ex Broth. CR [C2a(i)]<br />
Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. (Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.) LC<br />
Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Brid.) Z. Iwats. LC<br />
Pterigyn<strong>and</strong>rum filiforme Hedw. LC<br />
Pterygoneurum lamellatum (Lindb.) Jur. EN [B1+2ab(iii)]<br />
Pterygoneurum ovatum (Hedw.) Dixon LC
830 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Pterygoneurum subsessile (Brid.) Jur. VU [B1+2ab(iii)]<br />
Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. LC-att<br />
⇒ Ptychodium – see under Lescuraea<br />
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum (Sw.) Bruch et Schimp. RE<br />
Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Pyramidula tetragona (Brid.) Brid. CR [B1+2ab(iii)c(iii, iv)]<br />
Racomitrium aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Racomitrium affine (Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Lindb. LC-att<br />
Racomitrium aquaticum (Brid. ex Schrad.) Brid. LC<br />
Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. LC – only in subsp. canescens<br />
Racomitrium elongatum Ehrh. ex Frisvoll LC<br />
Racomitrium fasciculare (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Racomitrium macounii Kindb.<br />
subsp. macounii EN [B1+2ab(iii), C2a(i)]<br />
subsp. alpinum (E. Lawton) Frisvoll LC<br />
Racomitrium microcarpon (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Racomitrium sudeticum (Funck) Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
Rhabdoweisia crenulata (Mitt.) H. Jameson EN [B1+2ab(v)]<br />
Rhabdoweisia crispata (Dicks.) Lindb. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
Rhizomnium magnifolium (Horik.) T. J. Kop. LC-att<br />
Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum (Bruch et Schimp.) T. J. Kop. EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i)]<br />
Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. LC<br />
Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. LC-att<br />
Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. LC<br />
⇒ Rhynchostegiella p. pte. – see under Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium (annot. 11)<br />
Rhynchostegiella tenella (Dicks.) Limpr. LR-nt [C2a(i)] – only in var. tenella<br />
Rhynchostegiella teneriffae (Mont.) Dirkse et Bouman EN [B2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp. LC-att<br />
Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (Bl<strong>and</strong>ow ex F. Weber et D. Mohr) Schimp. VU [C2a(i)] (annot. 42)<br />
Rhynchostegium murale (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Cardot (Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon) LC<br />
Rhynchostegium rotundifolium (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Rhytidiastrum loreum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LC (annot. 43)<br />
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Rhytidiastrum squarrosum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LC<br />
Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus (Lindb.) T. J. Kop. (Rhytidiastrum subpinnatum (Lindb.) Ignatov et Ignatova) LC-att<br />
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. LC<br />
Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. LC<br />
Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. EN [B2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske LC<br />
Sarmentypnum exannulatum (Schimp.) Hedenäs (Warnstorfia exannulata (Schimp.) Loeske) LC<br />
Sarmentypnum sarmentosum (Wahlenb.)Tuom.etT.J.Kop.(Warnstorfia sarmentosa (Wahlenb.) Hedenäs) LR-nt<br />
[D2]<br />
Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
Schistidium brunnescens Limpr. LC – only in subsp. brunnescens<br />
Schistidium confertum (Funck) Bruch et Schimp. VU [D2]<br />
Schistidium confusum H. H. Blom LC-att<br />
Schistidium crassipilum H. H. Blom LC<br />
Schistidium dupretii (Thér.) W. A. Weber LC<br />
Schistidium elegantulum H. H. Blom LC-att – only in subsp. elegantulum<br />
Schistidium flaccidum (De Not.) Ochyra EN [B2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Schistidium helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi (Schistidium singarense (Schiffn.) Laz.) LC-att<br />
Schistidium lancifolium (Kindb.) H. H. Blom LC-att<br />
Schistidium papillosum Culm. LC<br />
Schistidium pruinosum (Wilson ex Schimp.) G. Roth LC-att
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 831<br />
Schistidium rivulare (Brid.) Podp. LC-att<br />
Schistidium robustum (Nees et Hornsch.) H. H. Blom LC<br />
Schistidium trichodon (Brid.) Poelt<br />
var. trichodon LC-att<br />
var. nutans H. H. Blom LC-att<br />
Schistostega pennata (Hedw.) F. Weber et D. Mohr LC<br />
Sciuro-hypnum curtum (Lindb.) Ignatov (Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium curtum (Lindb.) Limpr.) LC (annot. 44)<br />
Sciuro-hypnum flotowianum (Sendtn.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Eurhynchium flotowianum (Sendtn.) Kartt.) DD<br />
Sciuro-hypnum plumosum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium plumosum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC<br />
Sciuro-hypnum populeum (Hedw.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium populeum (Hedw.) Schimp.) LC<br />
Sciuro-hypnum reflexum (Starke) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium reflexum (Starke) Schimp.) LC<br />
Sciuro-hypnum starkii (Brid.) Ignatov et Huttunen (Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium starkii (Brid.) Schimp.) (‘starkei’ auct.) LC<br />
⇒ Scleropodium p. pte. – see under Pseudoscleropodium<br />
Scorpidium cossonii (Schimp.) Hedenäs LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Scorpidium revolvens (Sw. ex Anon.) Hedenäs EN [B2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Scorpidium scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr. EN [B2ab(iii, iv); C2a(i)]<br />
Seligeria acutifolia Lindb. VU [C2a(i); D2]<br />
Seligeria calcarea (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv)]<br />
Seligeria campylopoda Kindb. VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Seligeria donniana (Sm.) Müll. Hal. LC<br />
Seligeria patula (Lindb.) I. Hagen DD-va<br />
Seligeria pusilla (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. VU [C2a(i)]<br />
Seligeria recurvata (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. LC<br />
⇒ Serpoleskea p. pte. – see under Pseudoamblystegium<br />
Serpoleskea confervoides (Brid.) Loeske (Amblystegium confervoides (Brid.) Schimp.) LC-att<br />
Sphagnum affine Renauld et Cardot VU [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Sphagnum angustifolium (C. E. O. Jensen ex Russow) C. E. O. Jensen LC-att<br />
Sphagnum auriculatum Schimp. (Sphagnum denticulatum Brid.) LC<br />
Sphagnum austinii Sull. ex Austin RE<br />
Sphagnum balticum (Russow) Russow ex C. E. O. Jensen LC-att<br />
Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. LC<br />
Sphagnum centrale C. E. O. Jensen LC-att<br />
Sphagnum compactum Lam. et DC. LC<br />
Sphagnum contortum Schultz LR-nt [B2ab(iii); C1]<br />
Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex H<strong>of</strong>fm. LC<br />
Sphagnum fallax (H. Klinggr.) H. Klinggr. (incl. Sphagnum brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Röll) LC<br />
Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson LC – only in subsp. fimbriatum<br />
Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy et Molk. LC<br />
Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) H. Klinggr. LR-nt [A2(a); B2ab(iv)]<br />
Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow LC<br />
Sphagnum inundatum Russow DD (annot. 45)<br />
Sphagnum lindbergii Schimp. LC<br />
Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. LC<br />
Sphagnum majus (Russow) C. E. O. Jensen LC – only in subsp. majus<br />
Sphagnum molle Sull. RE<br />
Sphagnum obtusum Warnst. LR-nt [B2ab(iii); C1]<br />
Sphagnum palustre L. LC<br />
Sphagnum papillosum Lindb. LC<br />
Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Sull. ex Warnst. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii); D1]<br />
Sphagnum quinquefarium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. LC<br />
Sphagnum riparium Ångstr. LC<br />
Sphagnum rubellum Wilson LC<br />
Sphagnum russowii Warnst. LC<br />
Sphagnum squarrosum Crome LC<br />
Sphagnum subnitens Russow et Warnst. LC-att – only in subsp. subnitens<br />
Sphagnum subsecundum Nees LC<br />
Sphagnum tenellum (Brid.) Pers. ex Brid. LC
832 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. LC<br />
Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow LC-att<br />
Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Splachnum sphaericum Hedw. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Stegonia latifolia (Schwägr.) Venturi ex Broth. RE<br />
Straminergon stramineum (Dicks. ex Brid.) Hedenäs LC<br />
Streblotrichum commutatum (Jur.) Hilp. (Barbula commutata Jur., Barbula convoluta var. sardoa Schimp.) DD<br />
(annot. 9, 46)<br />
Streblotrichum convolutum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Barbula convoluta Hedw.) LC<br />
Streblotrichum enderesii (Garov.) Loeske (Barbula enderesii Garov.) RE<br />
Syntrichia calcicola J. J. Amann LC<br />
Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. DD-va – only in var. gypsophila (J. J. Amann ex G. Roth) Ochyra (Syntrichia<br />
caninervis var. spuria (J. J. Amann) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er)<br />
Syntrichia fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra CR [B1+2ab(iii)] (annot. 47)<br />
Syntrichia laevipila Brid. DD-va<br />
Syntrichia latifolia (Bruch ex Hartm.) Huebener LR-nt [B2ab(iii)]<br />
Syntrichia montana Nees (Syntrichia intermedia Brid.) LC<br />
Syntrichia norvegica F. Weber CR [C2a(i)]<br />
Syntrichia papillosa (Wilson) Jur. LC<br />
Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F. Weber et D. Mohr (Syntrichia densa (Velen.) J.-P. Frahm)<br />
var. ruralis LC<br />
var. ruraliformis (Besch.) Delogne (Syntrichia ruraliformis (Besch.) Cardot) LC-att<br />
Syntrichia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra LC<br />
Taxiphyllum wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk et Margad. LC<br />
Tayloria serrata (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Tayloria splachnoides (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Hook. RE<br />
Tayloria tenuis (Dicks.) Schimp. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v)]<br />
Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. LC<br />
Tetraplodon angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. VU [C2a(i); D2]<br />
Tetraplodon mnioides (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp. VU [C2a(i); D2]<br />
Tetrodontium brownianum (Dicks.) Schwägr. LR-nt [C2a(i); D2]<br />
Tetrodontium ovatum (Funck) Schwägr. DD<br />
Tetrodontium rep<strong>and</strong>um (Funck) Schwägr. LR-nt [C2a(i)]<br />
Thamnobryum alopecurum (Hedw.) Gangulee LC<br />
Thamnobryum neckeroides (Hook.) E. Lawton EN [B1+2ab(iii, v)]<br />
⇒ Thuidium p. pte. – see under Abietinella<br />
Thuidium assimile (Mitt.) A. Jaeger (Thuidium philibertii Limpr.) LC<br />
Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC-att<br />
Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. LC<br />
Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
Timmia austriaca Hedw. RE<br />
Timmia bavarica Hessl. EN [B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Tomentypnum nitens (Hedw.) Loeske LR-nt [C1+C2a(i)]<br />
Tortella bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth. LC<br />
Tortella inclinata (R. Hedw.) Limpr. LC (annot. 48)<br />
Tortella squarrosa (Brid.) Limpr. (Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb.) LR-nt [C1] (annot. 49)<br />
Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (incl. var. fragilifolia (Jur.) Limpr.) LC<br />
Tortula acaulon (With.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er (Phascum cuspidatum Hedw.)<br />
var. acaulon LC<br />
var. pilifera (Hedw.) R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er (Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum (Hedw.) Hook. et Taylor) LC<br />
Tortula atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb. CR [B1+2ab(v)]<br />
Tortula caucasica Lindb. ex Broth. (Tortula modica R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er, Pottia intermedia (Turner) Fürnr.) LC<br />
Tortula cernua (Huebener) Lindb. (Desmatodon cernuus (Huebener) Bruch et Schimp.) RE<br />
Tortula hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra (Tortula euryphylla R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er, Desmatodon latifolius (Hedw.) Brid.) EN<br />
[B2ab(iii, iv, v); C2a(i)] (annot. 50)<br />
Tortula inermis (Brid.) Mont. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Tortula lindbergii Kindb. ex Broth. (Tortula lanceola R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er, Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) Müll. Hal.) LC
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 833<br />
Tortula lingulata Lindb. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)] (annot. 51)<br />
Tortula mucronifolia Schwägr. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v); C2a(i, ii)]<br />
Tortula muralis Hedw.<br />
subsp. muralis var. muralis LC<br />
subsp. muralis var. aestiva Hedw. LC<br />
Tortula protobryoides R. H. Z<strong>and</strong>er (Protobryum bryoides (Dicks.) J. Guerra et M. J. Cano, Pottia bryoides<br />
(Dicks.) Mitt.) LC-att<br />
Tortula schimperi M. J. Cano, O. Werner et J. Guerra (Tortula subulata var. angustata (Schimp.) Limpr.) DD<br />
(annot. 52)<br />
Tortula subulata Hedw. LC<br />
Tortula truncata (Hedw.) Mitt. (Pottia truncata (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp.) LC<br />
Trematodon ambiguus (Hedw.) Hornsch. CR [B1+2ab(iii, v)]<br />
Trichodon cylindricus (Hedw.) Schimp. LC<br />
⇒ Trichostomum p. pte. – see under Oxystegus <strong>and</strong> Pottiopsis<br />
Trichostomum brachydontium Bruch DD-va<br />
Trichostomum crispulum Bruch<br />
var. crispulum LC-att<br />
var. angustifolium Bruch et Schimp. (Trichostomum viridulum Bruch) LC-att (annot. 53)<br />
Ulota bruchii Hornsch. ex Brid. LC<br />
Ulota coarctata (P. Beauv.) Hammar CR [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid. LC<br />
Ulota drummondii (Hook. et Grev.) Brid. RE<br />
Ulota hutchinsiae (Sm.) Hammar EN [B2ab(iii); C2a(i); D1]<br />
⇒ Warnstorfia p. pte. – see under Sarmentypnum<br />
Warnstorfia fluitans (Hedw.) Loeske LC<br />
Warnstorfia pseudostraminea (Müll. Hal.) Tuom. et T. J. Kop. EN [C2a(i)]<br />
Weissia brachycarpa (Nees et Hornsch.) Jur. LC<br />
Weissia condensa (Voit) Lindb. LC – only in var. condensa<br />
Weissia controversa Hedw. (incl. var. densifolia (Bruch et Schimp.) Wilson) LC<br />
Weissia fallax Sehlm. (Weissia controversa var. crispata (Nees et Hornsch.) Nyholm) LC-att<br />
Weissia longifolia Mitt. LC<br />
Weissia rostellata (Brid.) Lindb. DD-va<br />
Weissia rutilans (Hedw.) Lindb. EN [B2ab(iv, v); C2a(i)]<br />
Weissia squarrosa (Nees et Hornsch.) Müll. Hal. VU [B2ab(iv, v)]<br />
Weissia wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Bruch et Schimp. (Weissia controversa var. wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Blockeel et<br />
A. J. E. Sm.) VU [D2]<br />
Zygodon dentatus (Limpr.) Kartt. LR-nt [D2]<br />
Zygodon rupestris Schimp. ex Lorentz LR-nt [D2]<br />
Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. EN [B2ab(v); C2a(i)]<br />
(b) Doubtful, uncertain <strong>and</strong> excluded taxa (not evaluated for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List)<br />
(i) Doubtful taxonomic status<br />
In addition to Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp., Bryum dunense A. J. E. Sm. et H. Whitehouse, Bryum stirtonii<br />
Schimp., listed, commented on <strong>and</strong> placed in this category by Kučera & Váňa (2003) <strong>and</strong> Bryum badium (Bruch<br />
ex Brid.) Schimp., which was appended in <strong>the</strong> Erratum part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> list (Preslia 75: 384), following additional taxa<br />
need to be taxonomically studied before <strong>the</strong>y can be accepted for inclusion in <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>:<br />
Metzgeria simplex Lorb. ex Müll. Frib. – this taxon was defined based on <strong>the</strong> haploid chromosome number<br />
(n = 9) <strong>and</strong> its slightly smaller thallus cells, as opposed to its diploid counterpart (n = 18) M. conjugata. Schumacker<br />
& Váňa (2005) regard M. simplex as conspecific with <strong>the</strong> Asian-American M. lindbergii Schiffn., which<br />
needs to be confirmed, <strong>and</strong> hesitate to distinguish this taxon from M. conjugata. Cytometric screening combined<br />
with a morphometric evaluation is necessary to ascertain <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> this taxon.<br />
Porella ×baueri (Schiffn.) C. E. O. Jensen – this taxon is now thought to be an allopolyploid hybrid <strong>of</strong><br />
P. platyphylla <strong>and</strong> P. cordaeana (Boisselier-Dubayle et al. 1998, Heinrichs et al. 2011). As <strong>the</strong> reported morphological<br />
differences between P. platyphylla <strong>and</strong> P. ×baueri do not hold for a considerable proportion <strong>of</strong> our material,<br />
<strong>the</strong> nothotaxon cannot be safely recognized at present <strong>and</strong> virtually nothing is known about <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong><br />
hybridization between <strong>the</strong> parental taxa <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>and</strong> morphology <strong>of</strong> hybridogeneous populations.
834 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Riccia gougetiana Durieu et Mont. – this taxon should differ from R. ciliifera in its larger dimensions <strong>and</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r essentially quantitative characteristics (with some overlap) despite <strong>the</strong> same reported chromosome number<br />
(n = 8, rarely n = 16). Never<strong>the</strong>less, we discovered only diploid plants (n ≈ 16) during a limited cytometric screening<br />
<strong>of</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn-Moravian populations <strong>of</strong> R. ciliifera s.l. with an intermediate morphology between R. ciliifera<br />
<strong>and</strong> R. gougetiana. The extent <strong>of</strong> polyploidization <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> morphometric differences between populations need to<br />
be evaluated before applying <strong>the</strong>se names to <strong>the</strong>se populations.<br />
Bryum barnesii J. B. Wood ex Schimp. – recent authors differ in <strong>the</strong>ir opinion on <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> this taxonomically<br />
doubtful species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> B. dichotomum complex; while V<strong>and</strong>erpoorten & Zartman (2002) <strong>and</strong> Müller (2004)<br />
accept it, <strong>the</strong> monographer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus (Holyoak 2003) is sceptical about its value. Plants corresponding to <strong>the</strong><br />
description were twice recently reported from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> (Kučera et al. 2005, Kučera 2009a).<br />
Platyhypnidium grolleanum Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra – a doubtful aquatic taxon described from one historical<br />
specimen, based on its multistratose leaves. As recent searches for this plant at <strong>the</strong> type locality all proved<br />
futile, <strong>the</strong> taxon can probably best be interpreted as a rare mutation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> common Rhynchostegium riparioides,<br />
as is <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> Platyhypnidium mutatum Ochyra et V<strong>and</strong>erp. <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r pleurocarpous mosses, which develop<br />
pluristratose laminae in rheophytic habitats.<br />
(ii) Doubtful or uncertain occurrence<br />
Fossombronia caespitiformis De Not. ex Rabenh., Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm., Bryum arcticum (R. Br.)<br />
Bruch et Schimp., Bryum knowltonii Barnes, Bryum warneum (Röhl.) Bl<strong>and</strong>ow ex Brid., Ceratodon conicus<br />
(Hampe) Lindb., Cinclidium stygium Sw., Cnestrum schisti (F. Weber et D. Mohr) I. Hagen, Cynodontium fallax<br />
Limpr., Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides (Huebener) T. J. Kop., Dichodontium flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb.,<br />
Grimmia decipiens (Schultz) Lindb., Hypnum cupressiforme var. resupinatum (Taylor) Schimp., Mnium blyttii<br />
Bruch et Schimp., Pelekium minutulum (Hedw.) Touw (Cyrto-hypnum minutulum (Hedw.) W. R. Buck et H. A.<br />
Crum), Pohlia sphagnicola (Bruch et Schimp.) Broth., Racomitrium ericoides (Brid.) Brid. <strong>and</strong> Syntrichia<br />
sinensis (Müll. Hal.) Ochyra. were included in previous <strong>checklist</strong>s (Kučera & Váňa 2003, 2005) among <strong>the</strong> taxa<br />
for which <strong>the</strong> historically reported occurrence is regarded as possible but not supported by a correctly identified<br />
herbarium specimen. Microlejeunea ulicina, Scapania apiculata, Entosthodon pulchellus, Orthotrichum<br />
tenellum, Paraleucobryum sauteri <strong>and</strong> Rhynchostegium megapolitanum have since been recorded in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong> (see above). In addition to <strong>the</strong> preceding species <strong>the</strong> following taxa are now regarded to be <strong>of</strong> uncertain<br />
occurrence:<br />
Moerckia hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche – as discussed in annotation, we did not find this species among <strong>the</strong><br />
specimens labelled with this name, after <strong>the</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> this taxon changed following <strong>the</strong> study by Cr<strong>and</strong>all-<br />
Stotler & Stotler (2007). An historical or even recent occurrence <strong>of</strong> M. hibernica is never<strong>the</strong>less possible.<br />
Tortula muralis subsp. obtusifolia (Schwägr.) Culm. – its taxonomic status was clarified by Košnar & Kolář<br />
(2009) <strong>and</strong> Košnar et al. (2012). Although <strong>the</strong> historical occurrence on base-rich s<strong>and</strong>stones near Kralupy nad<br />
Vltavou, reported by Velenovský (1897), is probable, <strong>the</strong>re are no specimens <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>Czech</strong> herbaria.<br />
The specimens from <strong>the</strong> Český kras karst region belong to T. muralis var. aestiva.<br />
(iii) Newly excluded taxa<br />
Aschisma carniolicum (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Lindb. – reported from nearby Prague by Opiz (1852). Matouschek<br />
(1908) published <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> a revision <strong>of</strong> Opiz’s specimens in PR, however <strong>the</strong> specimen <strong>of</strong> A. carniolicum was<br />
not found. We agree with Matouschek’s judgment on <strong>the</strong> probable misidentification <strong>of</strong> this species based on <strong>the</strong><br />
distribution pattern <strong>of</strong> this Mediterranean species.<br />
Tayloria froelichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. – this species was also reported by Opiz (1852) without a particular<br />
locality. Matouschek (1906) did not find <strong>the</strong> original specimen <strong>and</strong> probably <strong>the</strong>refore excluded it as subsequently<br />
he did not mention this species again. Based on <strong>the</strong> distribution pattern <strong>of</strong> this species its occurrence in <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> is indeed highly improbable.<br />
For information on 42 earlier excluded taxa see Kučera & Váňa (2003).<br />
Annotations:<br />
1 Aneura maxima was recently discovered in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Bohemia by Kučera (2004) <strong>and</strong> reported at o<strong>the</strong>r localities<br />
since.<br />
2 Buczkowska et al. (2012) recently published a paper, in which two genetically distinct taxa are recognized<br />
within C. sphagnicola. While <strong>the</strong> type corresponds to <strong>the</strong> haploid taxon <strong>and</strong> has a markedly nor<strong>the</strong>rn distribution<br />
pattern in Pol<strong>and</strong> (<strong>the</strong> specimens from outside Pol<strong>and</strong> have not been studied), <strong>the</strong> diploid (allopolyploid)
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 835<br />
taxon, which is called C. sphagnicola f. paludosa (Warnst.) R. M. Schust. by <strong>the</strong>se authors, which very probably<br />
occurs in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, only doubtfully corresponds to Warnstorf’s type, <strong>and</strong> hence its name is<br />
uncertain. There is a similar situation with morphologically cryptic or nearly cryptic taxa Calypogeia<br />
muelleriana (Buczkowska & Bączkiewicz 2011) <strong>and</strong> C. fissa (Buczkowska 2004).<br />
3 The broad concept <strong>of</strong> Chiloscyphus has been advocated in recent molecular studies (He-Nygrén & Piippo<br />
2003, Hentschel et al. 2006a, b), although <strong>the</strong> subgenus Lophocolea is still one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> resonably supported<br />
clades, closely related to subg. Chiloscyphus. Molecular data also seem to support <strong>the</strong> specific status <strong>of</strong><br />
C. pallescens (cf. Hentschel et al. 2006b) <strong>and</strong> C. cuspidatus (cf. Hentschel et al. 2007), although <strong>the</strong> difference<br />
in <strong>the</strong>ir sexuality probably cannot serve as <strong>the</strong> sole differentiating character; this was noted by Damsholt<br />
(2010), who reported annual variation in sex expression with an<strong>the</strong>ridia <strong>and</strong> perianths present at different<br />
times <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year, <strong>and</strong> Vogelpoel (1982), who manipulated <strong>the</strong> sex expression frequency, abundance <strong>and</strong> vitality<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gametangia by varying day length <strong>and</strong> light intensity). The application <strong>of</strong> names within<br />
C. coadunatus s.l. follows Váňa & Engel (2012), who found <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> C. coadunatus to be probably dioicous<br />
(containing only female plants), while <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> Jungermannia bidentata L. was found to be monoicous<br />
(Vogelpoel 1977), contrary to <strong>the</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong> Damsholt (2002).<br />
4 Conocephalum salebrosum is a newly distinguished taxon (Szweykowski et al. 2005) that occurs widely in<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>.<br />
5 The identity <strong>of</strong> L. guttulata <strong>and</strong> L. longi<strong>flora</strong> was recently doubted or rejected by several authors, including<br />
<strong>the</strong> monographer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus, V. Bakalin (Bakalin 2001, 2011), hence our acceptance <strong>of</strong> L. guttulata in place<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant we earlier named L. longi<strong>flora</strong>. Hygric forms <strong>of</strong> L. ventricosa (<strong>and</strong> possibly also <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r closely<br />
related taxa including L. ventricosa var. silvicola <strong>and</strong> L. guttulata) were identified with <strong>the</strong> types <strong>of</strong><br />
L. ventricosa var. uliginosa Breidl. ex Schiffn. (Damsholt 2002) or <strong>of</strong> Jungermannia longi<strong>flora</strong> Nees. Bakalin<br />
(2011), who lists L. ventricosa var. longi<strong>flora</strong> (Nees) Macoun does not mention var. uliginosa at all). A wide<br />
ranging study using molecular markers is needed to resolve this problem.<br />
6 First proven occurrence <strong>of</strong> Microlejeunea ulicina in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> was only recently reported (Kučera<br />
& Váňa 2011).<br />
7 The distinctness <strong>of</strong> Moerckia flotoviana from M. hibernica is discussed <strong>and</strong> advocated by Cr<strong>and</strong>all-Stotler &<br />
Stotler (2007). The two names were commonly misapplied, which was also <strong>the</strong> case in <strong>the</strong> earlier identifications<br />
in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>. The recent <strong>and</strong> historical collections <strong>of</strong> material that have been revised belong to<br />
M. flotoviana, which seems to be generally much commoner than M. hibernica, but not all historical collections<br />
have been revised.<br />
8 Hugonnot (2010) recently argued for <strong>the</strong> synonymy <strong>of</strong> R. ciliata, R. trichocarpa M. Howe <strong>and</strong> R. canescens<br />
Steph., whereas Jovet-Ast (1986) <strong>and</strong> Schumacker & Váňa (2005) advocate <strong>the</strong> distinctness <strong>of</strong> R. trichocarpa<br />
(syn. R. canescens), <strong>the</strong> latter treatment even synonymized <strong>the</strong> latter with an older name R. crinita Taylor,<br />
based on an Australian type.<br />
9 Scapania apiculata was listed as <strong>of</strong> uncertain occurrence in <strong>the</strong> previous version. Since <strong>the</strong>n it has been twice<br />
recorded in <strong>the</strong> Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.<br />
10 Köckinger & Kučera (2011) showed that two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Barbula sect. Convolutae Bruch & Schimp. species<br />
(B. convoluta <strong>and</strong> B. commutata) are phylogenetically very distant from <strong>the</strong> generitype <strong>of</strong> Barbula,<br />
B. unguiculata. Hence, <strong>the</strong>ir recognition within an earlier recognized genus, Streblotrichum P. Beauv.<br />
(generitype S. convolutum) is appropriate. Barbula crocea was also assigned to Streblotrichum by older<br />
authors including Pilous & Duda (1960) but it has closer genetic affinities with Hydrogonium (Müll. Hal.)<br />
A. Jaeger (Kučera et al. in prep.).<br />
11 Phylogenetic affinities <strong>of</strong> this taxon, which is included in <strong>the</strong> European <strong>checklist</strong> (Hill et al. 2006) <strong>and</strong> our previous<br />
<strong>checklist</strong>s as Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis, is controversial. While Ignatov & Huttunen (2002) doubt its<br />
inclusion in Brachy<strong>the</strong>ciaceae, Nebel & Philippi (2001) provide strong arguments that it is only a habitat form<br />
<strong>of</strong> Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium tommasinii. Unfortunately, <strong>the</strong> recent molecular-phylogenetic studies <strong>of</strong> Brachy<strong>the</strong>ciaceae<br />
(Huttunen & Ignatov 2004) <strong>and</strong> Rhynchostegiella (Aigoin et al. 2009) do not include this puzzling taxon. We<br />
obtained ITS sequences for one specimen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> typical Brachy<strong>the</strong>cium tommasinii (JQ814782) that was<br />
growing on shaded limestone rocks in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>and</strong> for one Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis<br />
(JQ814783) growing on <strong>the</strong> bark <strong>of</strong> Fagus at <strong>the</strong> only <strong>Czech</strong> locality for this species. These sequences indeed<br />
are nearly identical <strong>and</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> evaluation as closely related taxa within one genus. For future reference, we<br />
prefer to retain <strong>the</strong> varietal status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disputed taxon within B. tommasinii. The type <strong>of</strong> Eurhynchium<br />
vaucheri var. fagineum was studied by Nebel et al. (l.c.) <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>se authors confirm Limpricht’s earlier opinion<br />
that it is identical to <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> Eurhynchium germanicum Grebe. With respect to <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> types <strong>of</strong><br />
Eurhynchium germanicum <strong>and</strong> Hypnum tenuicaule Spruce from <strong>the</strong> French Pyrenees we refer to <strong>the</strong> treatment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Karttunen (1990).
836 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
12 Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (2011) recently provided arguments for replacing <strong>the</strong> name Bryum pallescens<br />
Schleich. ex Schwägr. with <strong>the</strong> older name B. boreale (F. Weber et D. Mohr) Funck.<br />
13 Bryum gemmiferum was first reported from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> by Soldán & Kučera (2004) but fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
records continue to be added.<br />
14 Holyoak & Hedenäs (2006) demonstrate <strong>the</strong> morphological intergradation between Bryum pseudotriquetrum<br />
var. pseudotriquetrum <strong>and</strong> var. neodamense <strong>and</strong> non-monophyly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter taxon.<br />
15 Based on an unpublished revision <strong>of</strong> JK’s collections by O. M. Afonina, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> collections <strong>of</strong><br />
‘Campylidium sommerfeltii’ probably represent a different taxon, closely related to Hypnum pallescens.<br />
‘C. sommerfeltii’ has been distinguished in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> only in recent decades, previous authors confused<br />
or merged this taxon with C. calcareum <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> North American C. hispidulum. A revision <strong>of</strong> this complex<br />
is badly needed.<br />
16 Didymodon umbrosus was shown to deserve specific status by Jiménez et al. (2005).<br />
17 Didymodon validus was recognized as a variety <strong>of</strong> D. rigidulus in our previous <strong>checklist</strong> <strong>and</strong> not at all listed by Hill<br />
et al. (2006). Later though, Jiménez (2006) <strong>and</strong> Ochyra et al. (2011) recognized <strong>the</strong> taxon at <strong>the</strong> specific level.<br />
18 The taxonomy <strong>of</strong> Encalypta rhaptocarpa agg. is very unsatisfactory. There is not a good match between <strong>the</strong><br />
development <strong>of</strong> peristome <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r characters <strong>of</strong> this species mentioned by Horton (1983), Nyholm (1998)<br />
<strong>and</strong> Mogensen (2001), <strong>and</strong> our application <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> name is thus very tentative.<br />
19 Hradílek (2008) clarified <strong>the</strong> situation with Entosthodon pulchellus that was confused with E. muhlenbergii in<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>. Both historical herbarium records <strong>and</strong> recent collections were cited.<br />
20 We consider that Fissidens bambergeri is a good, although only rarely accepted species that cannot be lumped<br />
with F. viridulus. The distinctness <strong>of</strong> two <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>and</strong> several o<strong>the</strong>r central-European populations has been<br />
observed for years, although no molecular methods have yet been applied to resolve <strong>the</strong> genetic background<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> course <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pattern to existing types may prove problematic.<br />
21 We have applied <strong>the</strong> name Fissidens limbatus only to plants that narrowly correspond to <strong>the</strong> original description<br />
by Sullivant. In this concept, F. limbatus is an extremely rare <strong>and</strong> endangered species in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> should be evaluated similarly to F. bambergeri. An eventual broadening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> concept to include<br />
F. crispus Mont., as understood by Hill et al. (2006), would create problems in delimiting F. pusillus,however<br />
without an underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> underlying genetic pattern <strong>the</strong> problem cannot be resolved.<br />
22 We are not convinced <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> infraspecific taxa within Fontinalis antipyretica, distinguished pragmatically<br />
by Hill et al. (2006). Shaw & Allen (2000) show that <strong>the</strong> subsp. gracilis (Lindb.) Kindb. is paraphyletic<br />
<strong>and</strong> a similar pattern can be expected for o<strong>the</strong>r infraspecific taxa. Never<strong>the</strong>less, both <strong>the</strong> subsp. gracilis <strong>and</strong><br />
subsp. kindbergii (Renauld et Cardot) Cardot are reported in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> but <strong>the</strong> underlying genetic<br />
differences have never been studied.<br />
23 Grimmia dissimulata was newly reported for this country by Kučera (in Ellis et al. 2010).<br />
24 We agree with <strong>the</strong> authors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European <strong>checklist</strong> that <strong>the</strong> radical treatment <strong>of</strong> V<strong>and</strong>erpoorten (2004), which<br />
merged all European species <strong>of</strong> Hygroamblystegium with H. varium, needs to be supported by a more extensive<br />
study. In a later study V<strong>and</strong>erpoorten & Hedenäs (2009) admit H. humile is a variety <strong>of</strong> H. varium but<br />
maintain <strong>the</strong> full synonymy <strong>of</strong> H. fluviatile <strong>and</strong> H. tenax with H. varium, particularly with respect to <strong>the</strong> situation<br />
in North America.<br />
25 Hypnum cupressiforme var. julaceum Brid., listed in our previous <strong>checklist</strong>s, is not recognized by Hill et al.<br />
(2006). As we could only doubtfully identify some <strong>of</strong> our plants as <strong>of</strong> this variety, we have not included it in<br />
this list.<br />
26 Hypnum cupressiforme var. heseleri was recently detected at one locality in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Moravia (Košnar &<br />
Kučera in prep.).<br />
27 Conflicting evidence was presented by V<strong>and</strong>erpoorten et al. (2003) <strong>and</strong> Frahm (2005) about distiguishing<br />
Leucobryum albidum (Brid. ex P. Beauv.) Lindb. (which is an older name) from L. juniperoideum. Therefore, we<br />
pragmatically retain <strong>the</strong> more narrowly defined concept <strong>of</strong> both taxa until a more convincing conclusion is reached.<br />
28 Eurhynchium pumilum was transferred to a newly established monotypic genus Microeurhynchium by<br />
Aigoin et al. (2009).<br />
29 G<strong>of</strong>finet et al. (2004) <strong>and</strong> Sawicki et al. (2010) argue for accepting <strong>the</strong> genus Nyholmiella as distinct from<br />
Orthotrichum. Accepting this probably well-defined lineage however renders <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> Orthotrichum<br />
paraphyletic, which will necessitate <strong>the</strong> recognition <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r genera within Orthotrichum s.l. in <strong>the</strong> future.<br />
30 Taxonomy <strong>of</strong> Hygrohypnum s.l. partially settled after Oliván et al. (2007) <strong>and</strong> Ignatov et al. (2007) reached<br />
similar conclusions based on different datasets. The only serious conflict is over Hygrohypnum duriusculum,<br />
which was resolved within Hygrohypnella (sequenced specimen from Caucasus) by Ignatov et al., but within<br />
Ochyraea (sequenced specimen from Norway) by Oliván et al. Our plants seem to match <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong><br />
Oliván et al., which is supported by <strong>the</strong> nrITS sequence <strong>of</strong> one <strong>Czech</strong> specimen (JQ814784). Never<strong>the</strong>less, we
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 837<br />
still have problems differentiating O. mollis from <strong>the</strong> closely related O. duriuscula, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore cannot at<br />
present decide on <strong>the</strong> possible level <strong>of</strong> threat to O. mollis, although it is probable that <strong>the</strong> latter is very rare, if it<br />
occurs at all, in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>.<br />
31 Orthotrichum affine var. bohemicum was recently described (Plášek et al. 2011) based on material from 3<br />
localities in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>.<br />
32 Orthotrichum moravicum was described from a single locality in Moravia (Plášek et al. 2009) <strong>and</strong> no o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
occurrence has been reported.<br />
33 Orthotrichum pulchellum was first reported in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> in NW Bohemia by Plášek & Marková<br />
(2007) <strong>and</strong> Plášek & Marková in Blockeel et al. (2008) <strong>and</strong> seems to be spreading.<br />
34 Orthotrichum tenellum was listed among <strong>the</strong> taxa with unproven occurrence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> in previous<br />
versions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>. Recently, this species was found in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Bohemia (Plášek & Marková 2011,<br />
Plášek & Marková in Ellis et al. 2012).<br />
35 Paraleucobryum sauteri was listed previously as ano<strong>the</strong>r taxon <strong>of</strong> uncertain occurrence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>.<br />
During a revision <strong>of</strong> selected species from <strong>the</strong> herbarium <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Upper Austria (LI), JK found<br />
one correctly identified specimen <strong>of</strong> P. sauteri, collected by Cypers in 1877 in <strong>the</strong> valley <strong>of</strong> Bílé Labe in<br />
Krkonoše Mts.<br />
36 Pohlia tundrae was first reported from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> by Müller (2004) <strong>and</strong> is still known only from<br />
a single locality.<br />
37 We do not recognize <strong>the</strong> varieties <strong>of</strong> Pohlia wahlenbergii but should <strong>the</strong>y be distinguished <strong>the</strong>y all occur in <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>and</strong> only var. glacialis (Brid.) E. F. Warb. has a limited distribution <strong>and</strong> could qualify for<br />
inclusion on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List, probably in category LR-nt (D).<br />
38 Bell & Hyvönen (2010) show that species <strong>of</strong> Polytrichastrum sect. Aporo<strong>the</strong>ca (P. formosum, P. longisetum<br />
<strong>and</strong> P. pallidisetum) form with Polytrichum s.str a well-supported clade.<br />
39 Polytrichum uliginosum, re-established by Schriebl (1991), has only recently been shown to be reproductively<br />
isolated from P. commune (van der Velde & Bijlsma 2004). Never<strong>the</strong>less, <strong>the</strong>re is little information on<br />
its distribution in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>and</strong> elsewhere.<br />
40 Ros & Werner (2007) re-define <strong>the</strong> genus Pottiopsis based on molecular <strong>and</strong> morphological data <strong>and</strong> confirm<br />
our earlier suspicion (Kučera & Váňa 2003) that Trichostomum caespitosum <strong>and</strong> T. pallidisetum are very<br />
closely related, as <strong>the</strong>y regard <strong>the</strong>m as synonymous.<br />
41 V<strong>and</strong>erpoorten & Hedenäs (2009) describe new genera, Pseudoamblystegium <strong>and</strong> Pseudocampylium, to<br />
accommodate <strong>the</strong> phylogenetically isolated species earlier recognized by us as Serpoleskea subtilis <strong>and</strong><br />
Amblysteium radicale, respectively.<br />
42 Rhynchostegium megapolitanum was listed among uncertain occurrences in <strong>the</strong> previous version, but has<br />
since been recorded several times (see e.g. Kučera et al. 2006).<br />
43 Rhytidiadelphus loreus, R. squarrosus <strong>and</strong> R. subpinnatus are tranferred to a newly established genus<br />
Rhytidiastrum Ignatov et Ignatova in <strong>the</strong>ir treatment <strong>of</strong> pleurocarpous mosses for <strong>the</strong> Moss <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central<br />
part <strong>of</strong> European Russia (Ignatov & Ignatova 2004). This concept needs to be tested using molecular methods.<br />
44 Ignatov & Milyutina (2007) argued for separating Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium from S. curtum. European records<br />
<strong>of</strong> S. oedipodium refer generally to S. curtum. S. oedipodium s.str. is primarily a western North American taxon<br />
with one known disjuct occurrence in <strong>the</strong> Caucasus, however our material needs to be completely revised.<br />
45 Sphagnum inundatum is a problematical taxon both with respect to its morphological definition <strong>and</strong> genetic<br />
background, which is connected with a complicated polyploid <strong>and</strong> hybridogenous microspeciation pattern<br />
(for a summary, see Shaw et al. 2012). While <strong>the</strong> North American plants that have ‘S. inundatum-morphology‘are<br />
considered synonymous with ei<strong>the</strong>r S. lescurii Sull., when haploid or with S. missouricum Warnst. &<br />
Card., when diploid, this pattern cannot be transferred to <strong>the</strong> situation in Europe, which has not yet been adequately<br />
studied, although <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> S. inundatum originates from Europe. The European plants <strong>of</strong>‚<br />
S. inundatum-morphology‘studied are allopolyploids derived from S. subsecundum (female parent) <strong>and</strong> haploid<br />
S. auriculatum (male parent) (Shaw et al. 2008).<br />
46 Streblotrichum commutatum was earlier not distinguished in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> but both historical <strong>and</strong><br />
recent collections were found during a partial revision <strong>of</strong> our herbaria <strong>and</strong> a focused field survey (Kučera<br />
unpubl.). Never<strong>the</strong>less, this species seems to be relatively rare <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> morphological delimitation from<br />
S. convolutum is not always straightforward, although <strong>the</strong> molecular differentiation is considerable (Köckinger<br />
& Kučera 2011, Kučera et al. in prep.).<br />
47 Syntrichia fragilis was recently first discovered at a single locality in central Bohemia (Müller & Kučera in<br />
Blockeel et al. 2006).<br />
48 Tortella densa (Lorentz et Molendo) Crundw. & Nyholm, which we accept at <strong>the</strong> specific level, was listed<br />
among <strong>the</strong> excluded species in <strong>the</strong> last version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>.
838 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
49 The genus Pleurochaete Lindb. is nested within Tortella (Grundmann et al. 2006).<br />
50 Among <strong>the</strong> varieties that are traditionaly recognized within Desmatodon latifolius, var. muticus (Brid.) Brid.)<br />
seems to represent a distinct taxon, as mixed st<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> clearly separable plants matching both varieties were<br />
observed in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> (Mt Kotel) <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Alps. However, we refrain at <strong>the</strong> moment from combining<br />
it within Tortula hoppeana, before <strong>the</strong> problem is addressed using molecular methods.<br />
51 Košnar & Kolář (2009) <strong>and</strong> Košnar et al. (2012) present arguments for accepting Tortula lingulata at <strong>the</strong> specific<br />
level, although this taxon is phylogenetically nested within T. muralis s.l. <strong>and</strong> its acceptance renders<br />
T. muralis paraphyletic in <strong>the</strong> strictly cladistic view.<br />
52 Tortula schimperi represents a taxon that earlier was mostly recognized as a variety <strong>of</strong> T. subulata. According<br />
to Cano et al. (2005), it deserves specific status. There is very little known about its distribution in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong>, but recently two very small populations were recorded at two localities.<br />
53 While Hill et al. (2006) do not recognize var. angustifolium as distinct from Trichostomum crispulum, central-<br />
European authors (Grims 1999, Müller 2004) usually prefer to distinguish it as a distinct variety or even species.<br />
The revision <strong>of</strong> material in <strong>Czech</strong> herbaria (Kučera unpublished) at first did not reveal a taxon clearly<br />
separable from T. crispulum but recently JK realized that <strong>the</strong>re might be a distinguishable taxon matching this<br />
variety present in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>flora</strong>. This problem needs to be addressed in a taxonomic study.<br />
Discussion<br />
Changes in <strong>the</strong> <strong>checklist</strong>, <strong>and</strong> comparison with neighbouring countries <strong>and</strong> Europe<br />
The total number <strong>of</strong> accepted <strong>and</strong> evaluated taxa is 15 more than in <strong>the</strong> 2003 version. However,<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong>re are only 12 newly reported taxa for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, while 5 species<br />
appeared in <strong>the</strong> list in <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> a taxonomic reconsideration, <strong>and</strong> 8 previously listed<br />
under uncertain or taxonomically doubtful taxa have since been confirmed as occurring in<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong>, 6 earlier recognized taxa are no longer included, 4<br />
have been moved to <strong>the</strong> ‘taxonomically doubtful’ <strong>and</strong> one to <strong>the</strong> ‘uncertain occurrence’<br />
category. From <strong>the</strong> user’s perspective, <strong>the</strong>re has unfortunately been a considerable number<br />
<strong>of</strong> name changes (136 taxa affected, i.e. 15.1%), caused by shifts into different genera (97<br />
taxa), taxonomic rank changes (16 taxa), or changes in (infra)specific epi<strong>the</strong>ts for mostly<br />
nomenclatural reasons (15 taxa). We corrected <strong>the</strong> author citation in 31 cases, although<br />
mostly only to conform to our ‘strategy’ <strong>of</strong> citing pre-Hedwigian moss names to that <strong>of</strong><br />
Hill et al. (2006). The number <strong>of</strong> genera increased from <strong>the</strong> 59 for liverworts <strong>and</strong> 175 for<br />
mosses, recognized in <strong>the</strong> 2003 version, to 76 <strong>and</strong> 194, respectively, as a consequence <strong>of</strong><br />
different generic concepts, mostly based on recent molecular phylogenetic treatments.<br />
The bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> (78, 867 km2 ) comprises roughly half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European<br />
liverworts (423 species listed by Grolle & Long 2000) <strong>and</strong> mosses (1239 species<br />
accepted by Hill et al. 2006). The comparison <strong>of</strong> numbers with those in neighbouring<br />
countries is hampered by <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>y are ei<strong>the</strong>r significantly different in area, mostly<br />
larger (Germany, Pol<strong>and</strong>), or contain a significantly larger or smaller diversity <strong>of</strong> ecosystems.<br />
For example, <strong>the</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> Carinthia in Austria (9536 km2 ) exceeds<br />
that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> by some 30 species, having 893 species <strong>and</strong> 48 additional<br />
infraspecific taxa (Köckinger et al. 2008), while only 651 species <strong>of</strong> mosses are listed for<br />
<strong>the</strong> much larger (312,685 km2 ) but generally much less diverse Pol<strong>and</strong> (Ochyra et al.<br />
2003). Similarly, <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> Hungary (93,030 km 2 ) is similar to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong><br />
but <strong>the</strong> bryophyte <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> Hungary is only three quarters (659 bryophyte species plus 3<br />
subspecies – 2 hornwort, 146 liverwort <strong>and</strong> 511 moss species according to Papp et al.<br />
2010) <strong>of</strong> that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, possibly because <strong>the</strong> smaller diversity <strong>of</strong> ecosystems<br />
<strong>and</strong> historically lower intensity <strong>of</strong> research on bryophytes in <strong>the</strong> former.
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 839<br />
<strong>Red</strong> List<br />
The relatively great increase in studies on <strong>the</strong> bryophyte <strong>flora</strong> over <strong>the</strong> last ca 20–30 years,<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r with active monitoring <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bryophytes listed in Annex II <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> EC Directive<br />
92/43 <strong>and</strong> some additional smaller-scale national monitoring projects supported particularly<br />
by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> Agency for Nature <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Protection (AOPK ČR) enabled us to<br />
reconsider <strong>the</strong> threat status for most <strong>of</strong> our taxa. This led to changes in <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> 308<br />
bryophyte taxa, i.e. 34.5% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong> in <strong>the</strong> 2003 version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> list. As <strong>the</strong> shifts in<br />
<strong>the</strong> evaluation commonly included both upward <strong>and</strong> downward reconsiderations <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
taxa, <strong>the</strong> changes in percentages for individual categories are perhaps less apparent<br />
than expected based on <strong>the</strong> above mentioned rate <strong>of</strong> change. We particularly addressed <strong>the</strong><br />
Data Deficient taxa, which resulted in <strong>the</strong> shift <strong>of</strong> 102 taxa in total (11.4%) to o<strong>the</strong>r categories<br />
(including 6 excluded or not evaluated taxa). Of <strong>the</strong>m, 14 were moved from <strong>the</strong> Vanished<br />
to <strong>the</strong> Regionally Extinct Category but <strong>the</strong> rest are now ei<strong>the</strong>r listed among threatened<br />
taxa (57) or Lower Risk <strong>and</strong> Least Concern taxa (25). The high number <strong>of</strong> recent<br />
floristic surveys is best illustrated by <strong>the</strong> rediscovery <strong>of</strong> 28 Vanished <strong>and</strong> even one ‘Regionally<br />
Extinct’ species. New data on earlier non-Data Deficient taxa accounted mostly<br />
for a decrease in <strong>the</strong> threat evaluation, which is <strong>the</strong> case for 79 taxa (8.8%) in total, but on<br />
<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong>, for 41 taxa (4.6%) <strong>the</strong> threat evaluation was increased.<br />
It is more difficult to compare <strong>the</strong> percentages in <strong>the</strong> various threat categories in different<br />
countries than to compare <strong>checklist</strong>s. Although <strong>the</strong> criteria used in different countries<br />
to evaluate species for inclusion on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Red</strong> List are largely identical (IUCN criteria used<br />
in most European countries for which <strong>the</strong>re are <strong>Red</strong> Lists, although neighbouring Austria<br />
<strong>and</strong> Germany use <strong>the</strong>ir own criteria), <strong>the</strong> baseline data for <strong>the</strong> different regions vary greatly<br />
in both quantity <strong>and</strong> quality, <strong>and</strong> even <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> criteria is very far from being<br />
comparable. For example, <strong>the</strong> authors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hungarian <strong>Red</strong> List (Papp et al. 2010), who<br />
use <strong>the</strong> same criteria as used in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, including <strong>the</strong> LC-att <strong>and</strong> DD-va subcategories,<br />
use <strong>the</strong> Data Deficient (21.1%) <strong>and</strong> Lower Risk (17.3%) categories more frequently,<br />
while <strong>the</strong> authors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Swiss <strong>Red</strong> List (Schnyder et al. 2004) treat 259 species<br />
(24.4.% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>and</strong> 62% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>Red</strong>-Listed species) as Vulnerable based on<br />
criterion D2, i.e. <strong>the</strong>ir rarity in terms <strong>of</strong> very few locations or area <strong>of</strong> occupancy. Despite<br />
<strong>the</strong> various approaches, <strong>the</strong> numbers <strong>of</strong> threatened versus non-threatened species in central-European<br />
countries are very similar <strong>and</strong> substantially higher than in, e.g., <strong>the</strong> United<br />
Kingdom or Sweden (see Table 1).<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong><br />
As reported above, <strong>the</strong>re are 863 accepted species with 5 additional subspecies <strong>and</strong> 23<br />
varieties, in <strong>the</strong> modern taxonomic sense, in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong>, i.e. taxa for which <strong>the</strong>re<br />
is some genetic background <strong>and</strong> evolutionary history <strong>and</strong> which are not just based on<br />
phenotypic plasticity. Nine additional species, currently regarded as taxonomically doubtful,<br />
might in <strong>the</strong> future be added to <strong>the</strong> list if taxonomic studies provide <strong>the</strong> justification for<br />
this <strong>and</strong>/or <strong>the</strong> morphological characters that can be used for <strong>the</strong>ir identification, <strong>and</strong> 17<br />
additional taxa if <strong>the</strong>ir historical (or eventually recent) occurrence is verified. The composition<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>flora</strong> can be analysed in several ways as outlined below.
840 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Table 1. – Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Lists <strong>of</strong> selected countries. Percentages <strong>of</strong> taxa in particular categories are shown.<br />
Categories <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong><br />
(this study)<br />
Slovakia<br />
(Kubinská et<br />
al. 2001)<br />
Hungary<br />
(Papp et al.<br />
2010)<br />
Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
(Schnyder et<br />
al. 2004<br />
UK<br />
(Hodgetts<br />
2011)<br />
Sweden<br />
(www 1 )<br />
RE 4.5% 2.9% 0.5% 1.4% 2.4% 1.6%<br />
CR 7.8% 10.5% 3.0% 5.6% 1.5% 0.7%<br />
EN 9.9% 11.4% 13.7% 5.4% 3.8% 3.7%<br />
VU 10.4% 12.3% 9.6% 26.0% 8.2% 5.6%<br />
Sum <strong>of</strong> <strong>Red</strong>-Listed 32.6% 37.1% 26.7% 38.4% 15.9% 11.6%<br />
extinct <strong>and</strong> threatened taxa<br />
LR 7.4% 9.4% 17.3% 6.2% 7.4% 6.1%<br />
DD 6.1% 8.1% 21.1% 9.0% 1.8% 4.1%<br />
LC 53.8% 45.4% 34.9% 46.4% 74.9% 78.3%<br />
Sum <strong>of</strong> evaluated taxa 892 909 659 1083 1056 2<br />
1072 3<br />
1 http://www.artfakta.se/GetSpecies.aspx, accessed on March 20, 2012.<br />
2 Sum <strong>of</strong> evaluated taxa inferred from Hill et al. (2008)<br />
3 Sum <strong>of</strong> evaluated taxa inferred from Hallingbäck et al. (2006).<br />
Speciation-related problems<br />
Because <strong>the</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> bryophytes is simple <strong>and</strong> some morphological <strong>and</strong> anatomical<br />
characters that can be used to identify <strong>the</strong>m are confined to <strong>the</strong> ephemeral sporophytic<br />
stage, bryologists have always found it difficult to identify species. Only recently, with <strong>the</strong><br />
advent <strong>of</strong> molecular techniques, have bryophyte taxonomists realized <strong>the</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> two<br />
important phenomena, which make it difficult to delimit species. The first is cryptic<br />
speciation, which is <strong>the</strong> molecular divergence <strong>and</strong> evolution <strong>of</strong> separate lineages, sometimes<br />
showing <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> good biological species, but differing little if at all<br />
morphologically. The second is <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> hybridization in <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> taxa, which is<br />
mostly accompanied by polyploidization.<br />
Cryptic speciation is documented, e.g. in <strong>the</strong> liverwort genera Pellia, Aneura <strong>and</strong><br />
Calypogeia (Buczkowska 2004, Buczkowska & Bączkiewicz 2011, Wachowiak et al.<br />
2007) <strong>and</strong> moss genera Hamatocaulis <strong>and</strong> Rhynchostegium (Hedenäs & Eldenäs 2007,<br />
Hutsemékers et al. 2012), <strong>and</strong> it is assumed or has been already documented that <strong>the</strong> formally<br />
undescribed sibling species reported in <strong>the</strong>se papers do occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>,<br />
representing moreover probably only <strong>the</strong> “tip <strong>of</strong> an iceberg”. Morphological characters<br />
that can be used for naming <strong>the</strong> earlier not recognized cryptic lineages have in some cases<br />
been successfully identified (e.g., Conocephalum salebrosum, see annot. 4 above) <strong>and</strong> this<br />
process is likely to continue in <strong>the</strong> future.<br />
Moss hybrids have rarely been identified <strong>and</strong> formally described in <strong>the</strong> past <strong>and</strong> have<br />
generally been omitted from <strong>checklist</strong>s, including <strong>the</strong> European list <strong>of</strong> Hill et al. (2006).<br />
The Polish catalogue (Ochyra et al. 2003) represents a rare exception, listing <strong>the</strong> putatively<br />
hybridogeneous taxa Funaria ×hybrida R. Ru<strong>the</strong> ex Limpr. <strong>and</strong> Physcomitrella ×hampei<br />
Limpr., which are also likely to occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>. Recent studies have shown<br />
that <strong>the</strong>re are allopolyploid hybrids, commonly <strong>of</strong> polytopic origin, not only in taxa that<br />
have traditionally been regarded as difficult (Porella ×baueri, removed from <strong>the</strong> main list,<br />
see under Not Evaluated – taxonomically doubtful taxa) but also in taxa that have <strong>the</strong> characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> typical species, with clear morphological characters, ecology <strong>and</strong> pattern <strong>of</strong>
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 841<br />
distribution (Plagiomnium medium, Polytrichum longisetum, Sphagnum auriculatum,<br />
S. majus, S. papillosum <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs). The situation needs to be clarified e.g. in <strong>the</strong> Metzgeria<br />
conjugata/simplex <strong>and</strong> Riccia ciliifera/gougetiana complexes, which are no longer<br />
included in <strong>the</strong> main list, <strong>and</strong> also in Sphagnum inundatum, in which <strong>the</strong> equivocal morphological<br />
delimitation is obviously related to its complex speciation pattern (Shaw et al.<br />
2008, 2012).<br />
Native status, invasive <strong>and</strong> spreading species<br />
Of <strong>the</strong> taxa that are known to occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>the</strong> majority are native, with new<br />
records <strong>of</strong> bryophytes being published nearly every year, depending on <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong><br />
bry<strong>of</strong>loristic activity <strong>and</strong> application <strong>of</strong> latest taxonomic treatments, which recognize new<br />
taxa. With respect to non-native (exotic) taxa, bryophytes differ from vascular plants mainly<br />
in <strong>the</strong> fact that such species are hardly ever deliberately introduced <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> recording <strong>of</strong> such<br />
accidental introductions is poor (Essl & Lambdon 2009). Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> unintentional introductions<br />
are ephemeral escapes <strong>of</strong> tropical <strong>and</strong> subtropical species from greenhouses that<br />
are usually not included on lists <strong>of</strong> non-native plants <strong>of</strong> individual regions <strong>and</strong> are also not<br />
included in this list, which is in accordance with <strong>the</strong> practice adopted by Pyšek et al. (2002).<br />
<strong>Bryophyte</strong>s may not only commonly be cryptogenic in <strong>the</strong> sense <strong>of</strong> Carlton (1996), i.e. not<br />
clearly native or exotic (alien), because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> way species that enter <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong><br />
from a neighbouring region <strong>and</strong> spread are evaluated. They are categorized as non-native if<br />
<strong>the</strong>y arrived from an area in which <strong>the</strong>y are also non-native but native if <strong>the</strong>y are native in <strong>the</strong><br />
area from which <strong>the</strong>y spread (Pyšek et al. 2004). However, in bryophytes this differentiation<br />
may be less straightforward or even arbitrary, because native status in <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> origin may<br />
be disputed (cf. <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> Didymodon umbrosus in <strong>the</strong> British Isles, Smith 2006) <strong>and</strong><br />
moreover <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spontaneous spreading/invasion <strong>of</strong> individual bryophyte species<br />
hardly differs between putatively ‘native in <strong>the</strong> neighbouring/next-to-neighbouring<br />
area’ <strong>and</strong> non-native taxa. Hence we have summarized <strong>the</strong> available information for known<br />
cases <strong>of</strong> non-native <strong>and</strong> recently spreading species <strong>and</strong> explain <strong>the</strong> particular circumstances<br />
in each case. For <strong>the</strong> definition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> terms see Pyšek et al. (2004).<br />
Non-native species<br />
Lunularia cruciata – probably a casual alien, widespread in <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean area <strong>and</strong> western Europe,<br />
which regularly occurs in botanical gardens <strong>and</strong> parks <strong>and</strong> sometimes it is reported for extended periods <strong>of</strong> time in<br />
natural biotopes in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> (Prokopské údolí valley in Prague), probably dependent on <strong>the</strong> repeated<br />
adventive supply <strong>of</strong> diaspores.<br />
Campylopus intr<strong>of</strong>lexus – invasive, introduced to <strong>the</strong> British Isles from Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Hemisphere, first recorded<br />
in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> in 1988 (Novotný 1990) <strong>and</strong> currently spreading rapidly (Mikulášková 2006). Campylopus<br />
intr<strong>of</strong>lexus is probably <strong>the</strong> only <strong>Czech</strong> non-native species that depends on human activity for its spread (exploited<br />
peatl<strong>and</strong>s or o<strong>the</strong>r easily colonizable substrates).<br />
Orthodontium lineare – invasive non-native species, first recorded in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> in 1964 (Futschig &<br />
Kurková 1977), rapidly spreading throughout <strong>the</strong> country (Soldán 1996) in natural habitats.<br />
Didymodon umbrosus – probably a naturalized non-invasive species, first recorded in 1997 (Kučera 1999). Not<br />
yet reported from any o<strong>the</strong>r than its initial locality near Prague, revisited by JK in 1998 <strong>and</strong> 2000.<br />
Native species that are extending <strong>the</strong>ir ranges <strong>and</strong> cryptogenic species<br />
Campylopus flexuosus – probably a native species, which was regarded as very rare by older authors (e.g.<br />
Velenovský 1897), is nowadays widely distributed in s<strong>and</strong>stone regions <strong>and</strong> dry pine woods throughout <strong>the</strong> country<br />
<strong>and</strong> seems to be spreading.
842 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
Campylopus pyriformis – was first reported from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> in <strong>the</strong> 2003 <strong>checklist</strong>, although <strong>the</strong> revision<br />
<strong>of</strong> herbarium material showed that it was collected earlier (one from 1899 <strong>and</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r from 1968). It is currently<br />
widely scattered in south-western <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country <strong>and</strong> is perhaps still spreading.<br />
Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens – first reported from this country by Pilous (1993), based on <strong>the</strong><br />
adventive occurrence in an ab<strong>and</strong>oned limestone pit. Since <strong>the</strong>n, <strong>the</strong> species seems to be spreading in similar habitats<br />
<strong>and</strong> along <strong>the</strong> roads <strong>and</strong> interestingly, <strong>the</strong> revision <strong>of</strong> unidentified herbarium material <strong>of</strong> Pottiaceae, revealed<br />
earlier collections, among o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>the</strong> probably native occurrence on rocks in <strong>the</strong> Hrubý Jeseník Mts.<br />
Dicranum tauricum – according to <strong>the</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Czech</strong>oslovakia (Pilous & Duda 1960), this species was<br />
reported to occur only ‘rarely in eastern Slovakia’. First <strong>Czech</strong> reports started to appear in early 1990s (Anonymous<br />
1993). Franklová (1997) summarized <strong>the</strong> known distribution, based on an old herbarium record from 1927,<br />
two records from 1977–1978 <strong>and</strong> an increasing number <strong>of</strong> records since 1989.<br />
Dicranoweisia cirrata – known from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> since <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> early bryological studies but<br />
recorded only extremely sporadically between <strong>the</strong> first record in 1884 <strong>and</strong> early 1980s (Plášek 2001). Since <strong>the</strong>n,<br />
<strong>the</strong> species has spread widely, particularly as an epiphyte.<br />
Orthotrichum pulchellum – apparently native in western Europe <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rwise occurring only in western<br />
North America but now a cryptogenic species spreading in many countries <strong>of</strong> western to central Europe. Its rapid<br />
expansion after apparently completely vanishing in Germany started in early 1990s (Frahm 2002), toge<strong>the</strong>r with<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r (sub)oceanic taxa (Ulota phyllantha, Zygodon conoideus, Dendrocryphaea lamyana, Orthotrichum consimile,<br />
Metzgeria temperata), <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> latter three have already been recorded in neighbouring Saxony <strong>and</strong> Bavaria<br />
(Müller 2004, Meinunger & Schröder 2007). The rate <strong>of</strong> spread <strong>of</strong> O. pulchellum is moderate <strong>and</strong> no adverse<br />
effect on native epiphytes has been observed.<br />
Orthotrichum rogeri – regarded as native, historically known from a single locality in nor<strong>the</strong>rn Moravia near<br />
Šumperk. Spreading at a moderate rate from Saxony since 2008 (Kučera 2009b) in a way comparable to that <strong>of</strong><br />
Orthotrichum pulchellum. The source <strong>of</strong> recolonization lies obviously outside <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>.<br />
Uncertain cases<br />
Zygodon dentatus, Orthotrichum patens, Metzgeria violacea, Orthotrichum tenellum <strong>and</strong> Microlejeunea ulicina<br />
<strong>and</strong> many o<strong>the</strong>r epiphytes might belong among taxa that have started to spread in this country, although in <strong>the</strong> case<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter two species <strong>the</strong>re is only a single recent record, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir eventual spread is only inferred from <strong>the</strong> situation<br />
in neighbouring regions <strong>of</strong> Germany (Seifert 2009). The spread <strong>of</strong> epiphytes following <strong>the</strong> improvement in<br />
air quality in recent decades occurred in all central-European countries. It is interesting that <strong>the</strong> restored habitat is<br />
not simply being reclaimed by earlier occurring epiphytes but ra<strong>the</strong>r earlier unknown or extremely rarely occurring<br />
species emerge, <strong>of</strong>ten using migratory routes different from <strong>the</strong> historical ones (<strong>the</strong> above mentioned<br />
Orthotrichum rogeri, Zygodon viridissimus). The cases <strong>of</strong> recently spreading terrestrial bryophytes are less<br />
clearly documented but Endogemma caespiticia is an example; whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> terrestrial species <strong>of</strong> Bryum <strong>and</strong><br />
Pohlia with rhizoidal <strong>and</strong> axillary gemmae are spreading, is not known, as <strong>the</strong>y were recognized only in <strong>the</strong> last<br />
three decades.<br />
Phytogeographic considerations<br />
Phytogeographic aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bryophytes occurring in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> have never<br />
been studied in a comprehensive way <strong>and</strong> this task goes far beyond <strong>the</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> this article.<br />
The main problem is <strong>the</strong> incomplete knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world-wide distribution <strong>of</strong> those<br />
bryophytes occurring in Europe, <strong>and</strong> also <strong>the</strong> generally broad distribution pattern <strong>of</strong> most<br />
European bryophytes, which is very difficult to simplify <strong>and</strong> abstract in a way that could<br />
be easily used in regional bryophytogeographic analyses. Dierßen (2001) tried to summarize<br />
<strong>the</strong> available phytogeographic information on European bryophytes, based largely on<br />
earlier works by Düll, but his evaluation is difficult to apply for <strong>the</strong> above mentioned reasons<br />
<strong>and</strong> in many cases his evaluation is very different from our experience, hence we have<br />
refrained from presenting a general phytogeographic analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
a comparison with that <strong>of</strong> neighbouring countries.<br />
The geographic position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> in central Europe, which is influenced<br />
both by oceanic <strong>and</strong> continental climatic conditions but at <strong>the</strong> same time is protected from
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 843<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir more extreme effects, latitudinally belongs to <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> temperate zone <strong>and</strong><br />
altitudinally mostly occupies <strong>the</strong> lower <strong>and</strong> middle altitudes, barely touching <strong>the</strong> lower<br />
alpine zone in <strong>the</strong> highest mountain ranges. The presence <strong>of</strong> individual species <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
distribution has historically been determined by climate changes, particularly numerous<br />
<strong>and</strong> severe during <strong>the</strong> Pleistocene, although significant climate changes have occurred<br />
throughout <strong>the</strong> Holocene, local geology <strong>and</strong> geomorphology (influencing <strong>the</strong><br />
microclimatic condition), human activity <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> dispersal <strong>and</strong> establishment abilities.<br />
Logically, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong> contains <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> broadly distributed, temperate,<br />
or boreo-montane elements.<br />
With respect to <strong>the</strong> gradients <strong>of</strong> oceanity <strong>and</strong> continentality, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> bryo<strong>flora</strong> has several<br />
dozens <strong>of</strong> suboceanic elements, which more or less reach <strong>the</strong>ir eastern-European limit<br />
<strong>of</strong> distribution in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> or at last markedly decrease in abundance fur<strong>the</strong>r east –<br />
Anastrepta orcadensis, Cephalozia macrostachya, Kurzia spp., Microlejeunea ulicina,<br />
Nardia compressa, Odontoschisma sphagni <strong>and</strong> Scapania compacta may be named among<br />
<strong>the</strong> liverworts <strong>and</strong> Campylopus <strong>and</strong> Dicranodontium species, Kindbergia praelonga,<br />
Fissidens rufulus, Hookeria lucens, Hypnum imponens, Iso<strong>the</strong>cium myosuroides, Mnium<br />
hornum, Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium undulatum, Rhabdoweisia crenulata, Thamnobryum alopecurum<br />
<strong>and</strong> Zygodon dentatus among <strong>the</strong> mosses, to name just a few examples. The more pronouncedly<br />
oceanic species commonly do not occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, although<br />
recorded in Germany or Austria, sometimes even close to <strong>the</strong>ir border with <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong> (e.g. Metzgeria temperata, Solenostoma paroicum, Frullania microphylla,<br />
Leptodontium flexifolium, Syntrichia pagorum, Racomitrium obtusum, Zygodon conoideus,<br />
Pterogonium gracile, Iso<strong>the</strong>cium holtii <strong>and</strong> Hygrohypnum eugyrium). Interestingly,<br />
while <strong>the</strong>re are several suboceanic bryophytes among <strong>the</strong>m, which are now regarded<br />
extinct or vanished from <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> (Gymnomitrion obtusum, Pallavicinia lyellii,<br />
Neckera pumila, Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, Sphagnum austinii, Ulota drummondii),<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r group <strong>of</strong> suboceanic taxa is now spreading eastwards, particularly but not solely,<br />
<strong>the</strong> epiphytes (Orthotrichum pulchellum, Microlejeunea ulicina, Campylopus intr<strong>of</strong>lexus,<br />
C. pyriformis). Subcontinental elements in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>flora</strong> are much rarer <strong>and</strong> mostly can<br />
be attributed to <strong>the</strong> Pannonian migration route (Hilpertia velenovskyi, Syntrichia<br />
caninervis) but <strong>the</strong>re are also rare examples <strong>of</strong> eastern boreal elements (Callicladium<br />
haldanianum <strong>and</strong> also <strong>the</strong> common Eurhynchium angustirete, which is increasingly rare<br />
west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> border). Tortula lingulata is ano<strong>the</strong>r example <strong>of</strong> a taxon with a very limited<br />
(subendemic) distribution centred in <strong>the</strong> eastern Baltic region.<br />
The <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> is also <strong>the</strong> region, where several circumboreal species reach <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn limit <strong>of</strong> distribution <strong>and</strong> a few sou<strong>the</strong>rn taxa are at <strong>the</strong>ir nor<strong>the</strong>rn limit. Wellknown<br />
examples <strong>of</strong> circumarctic or circumboreal taxa at <strong>the</strong>ir sou<strong>the</strong>rn limit in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong> are Sphagnum lindbergii, Discelium nudum <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> vanished Dichelyma<br />
falcatum <strong>and</strong> Sphagnum jensenii (known from Pol<strong>and</strong> just a few dozen metres from our<br />
boundary) can be added to <strong>the</strong>se examples if we do not limit our considerations to political<br />
boundaries. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn species generally do not reach <strong>the</strong>ir nor<strong>the</strong>rn limit in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong><br />
<strong>Republic</strong> but mostly extend to <strong>the</strong> warm, subcontinental regions <strong>of</strong> Germany via <strong>the</strong><br />
Pannonian route (Didymodon acutus, D. cordatus, Hilpertia velenovskyi) or have reached<br />
<strong>the</strong> oceanically influenced regions in north-western Europe in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species<br />
spreading from <strong>the</strong> southwest. A rare <strong>and</strong> remarkable example <strong>of</strong> a subcontinental sou<strong>the</strong>astern<br />
element is <strong>the</strong> probably extinct Syntrichia caninervis, with one historical locality
844 Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012<br />
in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Moravia, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> only known example <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extant Illyric-Insubric element is<br />
Frullania inflata, known from several close by locations in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Moravia. Two primarily<br />
Alpine species that occur in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> are Plagio<strong>the</strong>cium neckeroideum,<br />
occurring only in <strong>the</strong> Šumava Mts (Bohemian Forest) <strong>and</strong> Streblotrichum enderesii,<br />
known from one historical locality in <strong>the</strong> Krkonoše (Giant) Mts.<br />
There are very few examples <strong>of</strong> convincingly stenoendemic bryophyte species in<br />
Europe, because <strong>the</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> bryophytes to disperse is considerable <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong><br />
speciation accompanied by observable morphological changes is relatively low. Therefore,<br />
despite <strong>the</strong> fact that many originally believed endemic species are described for<br />
Europe, <strong>the</strong>y have later ei<strong>the</strong>r been synonymized with earlier described, broadly distributed<br />
taxa, or have been recorded from o<strong>the</strong>r localities in Europe or beyond. Several dozens<br />
<strong>of</strong> broadly distributed species were originally described from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>, including<br />
e.g. Racomitrium sudeticum described from Krkonoše Mts <strong>and</strong> Fossombronia<br />
wondraczekii <strong>and</strong> Hilpertia velenovskyi, from localities in what is now Prague. Bryum<br />
moravicum, described by Podpěra as a sou<strong>the</strong>rn-Moravian endemic from one locality near<br />
Řeznovice, was recently shown to be <strong>the</strong> oldest name for a widely distributed species,<br />
which has been known under several different names (Kučera & Holyoak 2005). Three<br />
taxa were described recently from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>: Platyhypnidium grolleanum<br />
Ochyra, which probably represents only a rheophytic modification <strong>of</strong> Rhynchostegium<br />
riparioides, <strong>and</strong> two Orthotrichum taxa – O. moravicum <strong>and</strong> O. affine var. bohemicum.It<br />
is likely that fur<strong>the</strong>r localities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter two taxa will be reported from adjacent countries<br />
in <strong>the</strong> near future, as <strong>the</strong> latter taxon has been recorded in <strong>the</strong> USA (Plášek in Ellis et<br />
al. 2012). An interesting example <strong>of</strong> a relatively stenoendemic species that was described<br />
from <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>and</strong> not so far recorded elsewhere than in central Europe, is<br />
Anthoceros neesii. Although it occurs in <strong>the</strong> common, broadly distributed biotope <strong>of</strong> stubble<br />
fields in submontane regions on non-calcareous substrates, it seems to be surprisingly<br />
rare <strong>and</strong> was long regarded as having vanished from our bryo<strong>flora</strong>, until its rediscovery in<br />
2010 (Koval & Zmrhalová 2010).<br />
With respect to relic taxa, <strong>the</strong> reasons for <strong>the</strong>ir scarcity <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> problems with <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
identification are <strong>the</strong> same as for <strong>the</strong> regional endemics. It can be assumed that species <strong>of</strong><br />
severely fragmented fen biotopes, which are entirely dependent on non-specific vegetative<br />
propagation, can be considered to be relics from <strong>the</strong> Ice Age. These species are generally<br />
under strong threat (Drepanocladus sendtneri, D. trifarius, Helodium bl<strong>and</strong>owii, Meesia<br />
triquetra, Paludella squarrosa, Scorpidium scorpioides) or have already become extinct<br />
(Bryum longisetum, Drepanocladus lycopodioides, Meesia longiseta). Glacial relics can<br />
also be identified among <strong>the</strong> arctic-alpine elements, although <strong>the</strong>se are more <strong>of</strong>ten species<br />
that sporulate <strong>and</strong> hence it cannot be excluded that <strong>the</strong>ir populations were sometimes<br />
boosted by propagules from <strong>the</strong> Alps or o<strong>the</strong>r mountain ranges during <strong>the</strong> Holocene. Never<strong>the</strong>less,<br />
this group <strong>of</strong> species seems to be currently declining in abundance (An<strong>the</strong>lia<br />
juratzkana, Gymnomitrion corallioides, Lophozia wenzelii, Dicranum elongatum,<br />
Grimmia elatior, Kiaeria falcata) or such species have apparently become extinct in <strong>the</strong><br />
past few decades (Gymnomitrion adustum, G. brevissimum, Arctoa fulvella, Grimmia<br />
unicolor, Ochyraea smithii, Pohlia obtusifolia, Polytrichastrum sexangulare), as a consequence<br />
<strong>of</strong> successional changes connected with <strong>the</strong> warming <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> climate in <strong>the</strong> recent<br />
century.
Kučera et al.: <strong>Bryophyte</strong> <strong>flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Czech</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> 845<br />
Earlier authors speculated about <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> pre-glacial relics. This seems to be<br />
particularly tempting in cases <strong>of</strong> bryophytes occurring in biotopes where <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> competition<br />
from vascular plants is very low <strong>and</strong> which are believed not to have grown by<br />
woods during <strong>the</strong> last climatic optima or were climatically stable with respect to specific<br />
geomorphological <strong>and</strong> geological conditions. Suza (1938) believed that Oxymitra<br />
incrassata, Riccia ciliifera <strong>and</strong> R. ciliata, which occur in <strong>the</strong> valleys <strong>of</strong> larger rivers in<br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rn Moravia, might be Tertiary relics, Pospíšil (1962) suggests a similar scenario for<br />
<strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Frullania inflata near Znojmo <strong>and</strong> later (Pospíšil 1968) for Pleistocene<br />
refugia for Homalo<strong>the</strong>cium lutescens, Entodon concinnus, Rhytidium rugosum <strong>and</strong><br />
Abietinella abietina. Similarly <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> Targionia hypophylla at <strong>the</strong> ventaroles<br />
on Boreč hill was regarded as a relict population that goes back to <strong>the</strong> Tertiary (Pilous<br />
1959). Never<strong>the</strong>less, sound evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong>se bryophytes have been<br />
present at <strong>the</strong>se localities is missing.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We would like to acknowledge <strong>the</strong> provision <strong>of</strong> baseline data <strong>and</strong> valuable discussions on <strong>the</strong> evaluation <strong>of</strong> individual<br />
taxa with Vítězslav Plášek (Silesian University, Ostrava), Táňa Štechová, Jiří Košnar <strong>and</strong> Eva Holá (University<br />
<strong>of</strong> South Bohemia, České Budějovice), Magda Zmrhalová (Museum Šumperk), Štěpán Koval (Sobotín),<br />
Ivana Marková (NP České Švýcarsko) <strong>and</strong> many o<strong>the</strong>rs. Petr Pyšek (Institute <strong>of</strong> Botany, Průhonice) is acknowledged<br />
for stimulating discussions <strong>and</strong> pointing out references on alien species <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> reviewers who helped us<br />
improve <strong>the</strong> text. Agency for <strong>the</strong> Nature <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Protection (AOPK ČR) is greatly acknowledged for funding<br />
<strong>the</strong> surveillance <strong>of</strong> endangered <strong>and</strong> data-deficient taxa in preceding years. Jan Kučera acknowledges funding<br />
from grant MSMT no. 6007665801.<br />
Souhrn<br />
Předkládáme stručnou analýzu bry<strong>of</strong>lóry České republiky založenou na aktualizované verzi seznamu a červeného<br />
seznamu mechorostů České republiky. Do soupisu druhů byly zahrnuty veškeré nové nálezy a revize vztahující se<br />
k našemu území a taxonomická pojetí rodů, druhů i poddruhových taxonů byla přizpůsobena nejnovějším taxonomickým<br />
a fylogenetickým studiím. Hlavní seznam nyní obsahuje 863 druhy mechorostů (4 hlevíky, 207 játrovek<br />
a 652 mechů) s 5 dalšími poddruhy a 23 všeobecně uznávanými varietami; 9 dalších druhů je uvedeno jako taxonomicky<br />
problematických a nejistý či neprokázaný výskyt je dokumentován pro 17 dalších druhů. Zároveň jsme<br />
znovu kompletně přehodnotili podkladová data pro aplikaci IUCN 3.1 kritérií pro vytvoření revidovaného červeného<br />
seznamu mechorostů, který předkládáme zároveň se seznamem. Z 892 hodnocených taxonů bylo 46 % vyhodnoceno<br />
jako splňující některé z kritérií pro zařazení do červeného seznamu (40 taxonů v kategorii RE, 70<br />
v CR, 88 v EN, 93 ve VU, 66 v LR-nt, 24 v DD-va a 30 v DD), 54 % bylo hodnocených jako neohrožených, z nich<br />
ovšem 120 zůstává v seznamu druhů vyžadujících pozornost (podkategorie LC-att). V analýze bry<strong>of</strong>lóry diskutujeme<br />
taxonomické problémy, které ovlivnily naše rozhodování v hodnocení oprávněnosti rozeznávání druhů<br />
i hodnocení kritérií potenciální ohroženosti, pokusili jsme se sestavit seznam nepůvodních, invazních<br />
a expanzních mechorostů ČR a rozebíráme specifické problémy mechorostů z hlediska původu a invazivnosti.<br />
Dotýkáme se také fytogeografických aspektů reliktnosti, okrajů areálu, endemismu a uvádíme významné elementy<br />
z hlediska kontinua kontinentality a oceanity.<br />
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Received 24 March 2012<br />
Revision received 27 June 2012<br />
Accepted 29 June 2012