2. • The original family name is Labiatae, so
given because the flowers typically have
petals fused into an upper lip and a lower
lip. Although this is still considered an
acceptable alternative name, most
botanists now use the name "Lamiaceae"
in referring to this family.
3. • It is the large including about 236 genera
and 7173 species, almost cosmopolitan,
but absent from the coldest regions of
high altitude or latitude
• characteristically bearing essential oils
• HABIT:
Plants are annual, biennial and
perennials herbs, sub shrubs, shrubs and
trees.
• HABITAT:
It is widely distributed in Mediterranean
region to central Asia.
4. • STEM:
Quadrangular, erect to prostate
sometimes forming stolons or large or
slender rhizomes.
• LEAVES:
opposite, often decussate some times
whorled, rarely alternate, simple , entire
sometimes compound,
estipulate.petiolated
5. • INFLORESCENCE:
raceme or spike of verticillasters or reduced
verticillaster
• FLOWER:
Pentamerous rarely tetramerous,
Hypogynous, Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic.
• COROLLA:
4-5 petals, gamopetalous distinctly two-
lipped or rarely entire, almost regular.
6. • CALYX:
4-5 sepals, gamosepalous, funnel
shaped, sometime two lipped
• ANDROCEIUM:
4 stamens, didynamous rarely equal,
sometimes only 2, epipetalous.
• GYNAECIUM:
Bicarpillary, syncarpous, ovary
superior, tetra locular due to the formation
or a false septum in each carpel.
11. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Mentha piperita
• Common Name: Brandy mint.
• Part used: Dried leaves and flowering
tops
• Habit: A perennial herb
• Habitat: Indigenous to Europe
Cultivated in USA, Canada
• Constituents:
Mainly contain volatile oil (1%)
The major volatile oil is
menthol (30–55%)
menthone (14–32%).
12. Menthol occurs mostly in the free alcohol
form, with small quantities as the acetate
(3–5%) and valerate esters.
Other monoterpenes present include
isomenthone (2–10%),
1,8-cineole (6–14%),
α-pinene (1.0–1.5%),
β-pinene (1–2%),
limonene (1–5%),
neomenthol (2.5–3.5%) and
menthofuran (1–9%)
14. Medicinal uses
• Mint oil
• Oil is used as
carminative
analgesic
anti-inflammatory
antiseptic
as flavoring agent in
pharmaceuticals, food,
alcoholic soft drinks.
sinusitis.
15. • Menthol is value able anti
neuralgic helpful in relieving
symptoms of bronchitis and
sinusitis.
• For this purpose it is mixed with
camphor and eucalyptus oil and
given in the form of inhalations
and ointments.
17. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Thymus vulgaris
• Common Name: thyme, Garden thyme
• Part used: Dried leaves and flowering
tops
• Habit: A perennial sub shrub
• Habitat: Indigenous to Spain
Cultivated in USA, Germany and
Australia
• Constituents:
Mainly contain phenolic volatile oil
The major volatile oil is
Thymol (60%)
19. • Thyme oil(B.P): obtained by steam
distillation from fresh aerial parts and
contain thymol 36-55%, carvacrol and γ-
terpinene together with linalool.
MEDICINAL USES
Antiseptic,
antispasmodic,
Antioxidant
carminative
Anti tussive
lozenges
20. • Commercially the oil is used in mouth
washes, gargles, toothpaste and
cough
22. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Ocimum
basilicum
• Common Name: Sweet basil, Common
basil, Niazboo
• Part used: Dried leaves and flowering
tops
• Habit: Annual herb
• Habitat: Native to tropical Asia and Africa
Cultivated in throughout Europe,
Mediterranean region and Pacific islands.
• Constituents:
Mainly contain volatile oil
23. The major volatile oil is
Linalool (60%)
Methyl chavicol
Eugenol
Limonene
Citronellal
Cineol
Camphor
26. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Mentha spicata
• Common Name: Pudeena, Green Mint
• Part used: Dried leaves and flowering
tops`
• Habit: Perennial herb
• Habitat: Native to Mediterranean region
common throughout Europe, Western
Asia and the Middle East.
• Constituents:
Mainly contain volatile oil
27. The major volatile oil is
Carvone (60%)
DihydroCarvone
Phellandrene
Limonene
Menthone
Cineol
α-pinene
30. • BOTANICAL ORIGION: Salvia officinalis
• Common Name: garden sage, common
sage
• Part used: Dried leaves and flowering
tops.
• Habit: Perennial subshrub
• Habitat: Europe, Indo- Pak
• Constituents:
31. • Yellow or greenish yellow volatile oil .
• Tannins
• Resin
• A hydrocarbon, Salvene
• Pinene and Cineol in small quantities.
• Borneol and some esters.
• Thujone (alpha & beta Thujone) Dextro-
Camphor in trace.
• Vitamin A & C is present.
• Rosmarinic acid
• Flavonoids
• bitter compounds (salvin and picrosalvin)
