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Apocynaceae
- 1. Dr. B. KARUNAI SELVI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF BOTANY V.V.VANNIAPERUMAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN VIRUDHUNAGAR- 626 001 TAMIL NADU, INDIA karunaiselvi@vvvcollege.org APOCYNACEAE
- 2. Division - Phanerogams Subdivision - Angiosperms Class - Dicotyledones Subclass – Gamopetalae Series - Bicarpellatae Cohort - Gentianales Family - Apocynaceae TAXONOMIC POSITION
- 3. Oleander family 180 genera and 1500 species 84 species or 30 genera are present in India. Distriubution Abundant in tropics and sub-tropics Few are temperate DISTRIBUTION OF APOCYNACEAE
- 4. Habit: Herbs (Catharanthus) Shrubs (Carissa, Nerium) Twinners (Vallaris) Tree (Alstonia) with latex Root: Branched tap root system VEGETATIVE CHARACTERS Carissa
- 5. Stem: Herbaceous (Catharanthus) Green Erect Woody Solid Branched Succulent with latex. Plumaria alba VEGETATIVE CHARACTERS
- 6. Leaves Simple Opposite (Catharanthus) Whorled (Nerium) Petiolate or sub-sessile Exstipulate Margin entire Unicostate reticulate venation Neirum VEGETATIVE CHARACTERS
- 7. Inflorescence Cymose either terminal / axillary Terminal cyme (Plumeria) Cyme (Carissa) Umbellate cyme (Rauwolfia) Solitary (Catharanthus) Umbellate branched (Alstonia) Rauwolfia FLORAL CHARACTERS
- 8. Flower Bracteate or ebracteate Bracteolate Pedicellate Regular Bisexual Complete Hermaphrodite Actinomorphic Tetra or pentamerous often with corona Hypogynous Allamanda FLORAL CHARACTERS
- 9. Calyx: Sepals 5/4 Gamo/polysepalous Deeply lobed Imbricate / valvate aestivation Small often glandular at the base Ervatamia FLORAL CHARACTERS
- 10. Corolla: Petals 5 Gamopetalous forming a corolla tube which may be long or short Corona present (hairy scales or outgrowth) twisted/ imbricate/ valvate Catharanthus FLORAL CHARACTERS
- 11. Corolla: Petals 5 Gamopetalous forming a corolla tube which may be long or short Corona present (hairy scales or outgrowth) twisted/ imbricate/ valvate FLORAL CHARACTERS Tecoma stans
- 12. Androecium: Stamens 4 to 5 Epipetalous Alternating with petals Filament - short, free Anthers - dithecous, connate to stigma Dehiscing longitudinally Introrse Polyandrous FLORAL CHARACTERS Thevetia nerifolia
- 13. Gynoecium Bicarpellary Syncarpous ovaries are free below but united by style only, superior style short, enclosed in a tube formed by the corolla; stigma thickened distally ovaries are free each ovary is unilocular with marginal placentation but when ovaries are fused then axile placentation. FLORAL CHARACTERS Wrightia
- 14. Fruit A drupe (Thevetia) Berry (Carissa) Follicle (Nerium and Amsonia) Seed Embryo straight Endospermic Hairy / winged Pollination Entomophilies Apocynum FLORAL CHARACTERS
- 15. Vegetables The pulpy fruits of Carissa carandus are edible and also pickled. Medicinal The root of Rauwolfia serpentina are used in lowering blood pressure, sedative, stimulator for uterine contraction and in mental diseases. The juice of leaves is used for removal of opacities of the cornea of the eyes. Anti-cancerous drugs are extracted from Catharanthus roseus. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
- 16. Rubber Many species of Hancora, Dyera, Urceola are the sources of rubber. Poisonous The seeds of Thevetia contain Thevetine a poisonous glycoside. The latex of Acokanthera is used for poisoning arrows. The bark and wood of Nerium indicum provide rat-poison. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
- 17. www.biologydiscussion.com › angiosperm › dicotyledons › apocynaceae-.. https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/vinca-rosea- 8073079688.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascabela_thevetia https://www.dapplelandscapedesign.com.au/Trees/small- trees/plumeria-alba.htm https://www.homedepot.com/p/Allamanda-Shrub- 1/202903398 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apocynum_cannabi num_Toulouse_fruits.jpg https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Wrightia- tinctoria_50036487701.html REFERENCES