Order: Insecta Classification

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There are about 15,00,000 insects recorded by Metcalf till
1940. These differs from each other in structure and habit.
The foundations of modern system of classification were
laid by Brauer in 1885.
Imms (1961) reported 29 orders of insects which are
generally more accepted.
The Class Insecta may be divided into sub-classes:-
1. Apterygota (Wingless)
2. Pterygota (Winged)

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1. Apterygota:-
They are minute, primitive insects.
Wings are totally absent.
Metamorphosis is absent.
Direct development.
This sub class includes following orders:-
a. Thysanura - Silverfish
b. Diplura - Japygids
c. Protura - Proturans
d. Collembola - Spring tails
Silverfish

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2. Pterygota:- They are generally winged or secondarily wingless
insects. Metmorphosis is different types.
This sub-class is divided into two divisions:-
(A). Exopterygota:-
 Metmorphosis simple, pupal instar rarely present.
 Wings develop externally.
 Immature stages are nymphs which resemble with adults in
structure and habits.
 It includes following orders of agril. importance:-
Odonata, Orthroptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera and
Thysanoptera.

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(a) Order: Orthoptera (greek Orthos =
straight, pteron = wings)
Mouthparts – Biting and chewing type,
Antennae – Filliform or setaceous,
Wings- Tegmina
Family:- Acrididae
Ex. Rice grass hopper (Hieroglyphus banian)
Kharif grass hopper (Hieroglyphus
nigropletus)
Surface grass hopper (Chrotogonus spp.)
Locust (Schitocerca gregaria)
Grass Hopper

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(greek isos =
equal, pteron = wings)
Social insects, biting and chewing
type mouthparts, Moniliform type
antennae, Long narrow wings in
winged members.
 Family: Mastotermitidae
Example: Mastotermes
darwiniensis
 Family: Kalotermitidae
Example: Kalotermes incicus.
Mastotermes

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 Family: Termitidae
Example: Odontotermes
obesus.
 Family: Hodotermitidae
Example: Hodotermes
macrocephalus
 Family: Rhinotermitidae
Example: Rhinotermes spp.
Termite

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(c) Order: Hemiptera
(greek Hemi = half, pteron =
wings; partly thickened and
membranous wings)
Mouthparts – Peircing and
sucking type
Hemiptera is divided into two
sub-orders:-
i. Homoptera: Aphids, Scale
insects and leaf hoppers.
ii. Heteroptera: Bugs
Aphids

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Sub-order: Homoptera (Homo =
equal, pteron = wings)
Generally two pair of wings.
Metamorphosis is incomplete.
Family: Jassidae or Cicadellidae
Example: Mango Leaf Hopper
(Amritodus atkinsoni)
Paddy leaf hopper
(Nephotettix virescence
Cotton jassid
(Amrasca bigutella)
Family: Fulgoridae
Example: Sugarcane leaf hopper
(Pyrilla perpusilla)
Mango Leaf Hopper

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Family: Aphididae
Example: Mustard Aphid
(Liphapis erysimi)
Family: Aleurodidae
Example: Sugarcane white fly
(Aleurolobus barodensis)
Cotton white fly
(Bamesia tabaci)
Family: Coccidae
Example: Mango mealy bug
(Drosicha mangiferae)
Family: Laceiferidae
Example: Lac insect (Laceifer lacca) Mustard Aphid

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Sub-order: Heteroptera
(Hetero = different, pteron = wings)
Wings: Hemelytera
Mouthparts: Piercing and sucking type
Family: Pentatomidae
Example: Painted Bug
(Bagrada cruciferarum)
Family: Coreidae
Example: Gundhi Bug
(Leptocorisa varicornis)
Family: Pyrrhocoridae
Example: Red Cotton Bug
(Dysdercus cingulatus)
Gundhi Bug

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(d). Order: Coleoptera
(Coles = sheath, pteron = wings)
Wings: Elytra
Mouthparts: Chewing and biting type
Metamorphosis: Complete
Larva is known as Grub.
Family: Dermestidae
Examples: Khapra Beetle
(Trogoderma granarium)
Family: Bruchidae or Lariidae
Example: Pulse Beetle
(Callosobruchus chinensis)
Khapra Beetle
Pulse Beetle

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Family: Chrysomelidae
Example: Red Pumpkin Beetle
(Raphidopalpa foveicollis)
Family: Curculionidae
Example: Rice Weevil
(Sitophilus oryzae)
Family: Coccinellidae
Example: Spotted Beetle
(Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)
Coccinellid Beetle
(Coccinella septempuctata)
Red Pumpkin Beetle
Rice weevil

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(e). Order: Lepidoptera
(Lepidos = scales, pteron = wings)
Beautiful insects (Butterfly)
Mouthparts: Represent as a
suctorial proboscis (Adult), Biting
and Chewing type (Caterpillars)
Metamorphosis: Complete
According to Imms (1961)
Lepidoptera is divided into three
sub-orders:-
Zeugloptera
Monotyrsia
Ditrysia

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Family: Galechiidae
Example: Pink boll worm (Pectinophora gossypiella)
Potato Tuber Moth (Gnorimoschema opercullela)
Angoumois Grain Moth (Sitotroga cerealella)
Family: Pyralididae
Example: Cotton Leaf Roller (Sylepta derogata)
Jowar Stem Borer (Chilo partellus)
Sugarcane Top Borer (Tryporyza nivella)
Sugarcane Root Borer (Emmalocera depresella)
Sugarcane Stem Borer (Chilotrea infucatellus)

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Family: Noctuidae
Example: Gram Cut Worm (Agrotis ypsilon)
Gram Caterpillar (Helicoverpa armigera)
Fruit sucking Moth (Ophideres conjuncta)
Family: Cymbidae
Example: Spotted Boll Worm (Earias vitella, E. insulana)
Family: Aretiidae
Example: Red Hairy Caterpillar (Amsacta moorei)
Family: Bombycidae
Example: Silk Worm (Bombyx mori)

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Sugarcane Top Borer
Red Hairy Caterpiller
Gram Cutworm
Sugarcane Root Borer
Silk Worm
Pink Boll Worm

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Family: Saturnidae
Example:Eri Silk Worm (Attacus ricini)
Tasar Silk Worm (Anthereca paphia)
Munga Silk Worm(A. assuma)
Wild Silk Worm (Attacus atlus)
Family: Pieridae
Example: White Butterfly
(Pieris brassicae)
Family: Papillionidae
Example: Lemon Butterfly
(Papillio demolus)
White Butterfly
Lemon Butterfly

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(e). Order: Hymenoptera
(Hymen = membrane, pteron = wings)
Membranous Wings, Biting and chewing type mouthparts (larvae)
and female having piercing type sting in abdomen, Complete
metamorphosis
Family: Apidae
Example: Apis indica
Apis dorsata
Apis florea
Family: Tenthredinidae
Example: Mustard Saw Fly (Athalia proxima)

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Family: Braconidae
Example: Bracon spp.,
Chelonus spp., Apanteles spp.
Family: Chalcidiae
Example: Trichogramma
minutum, Chalcis spp. ,
Brachymeria spp.
Family: Formicidae
Example: Ants
Trichogramma minutum

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(e). Order: Diptera
(Di = twice, pteron = wings)
Commonly known as Flies,
Hindwings modified into
Halters, Mouthparts are
Piercing and sucking or
Lapping and sponging type,
Larvae called as Maggots.
Family: Trypetidae or
Tephritidae
Example: Fruit Fly (Dacus
cucurbitae)
Fruit Fly

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Family: Tachinidae
Example: Strumia cericariae
(Parasite of the larvae of
Silkworm)
Family: Syrphidae
Example: Syrphus spp.
Syrphus

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Order: Insecta Classification

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