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Insect Order odonata
- 1. Order: Odonata Prepared by Dr. S. Sumaiya
- 2. Order: Odonata Greek "odonto-", meaning tooth Characters Medium to large sized insects They are attractively coloured Head is globular and constricted behind into a petiolate neck. Compound eyes are large. Three ocelli are present Mouthparts are adapted for biting. Mandibles are strongly toothed Lacinia and galea are fused to form mala which is also toothed. Wings are either equal or sub equal, membraneous; venation is net work like with many cross veins. Wings have a dark pterostigma towards the costal apex. Sub costa ends in nodus. Wing flexing mechanism is absent.
- 3. Characters Legs are anteroventrally placed. They are suited for grasping, holding and conveying the prey to the mouth. Legs are held in such a way that a basket is formed into which the food is scooped. Abdomen is long and slender. In male gonopore is present on ninth abdominal segment. But the functional copulatory organ is present on the second abdominal sternite. Before mating sperms are transferred to the functional penis. Cercus is one segmented. Metamorphosis is incomplete with three life stages. The naiad is aquatic. Labium is greatly elongated, jointed and bears two hooks at apex. It is called mask. It is useful to capture the prey.
- 4. Classification There are two sub-orders. Dragonflies are classified under Anisoptera and damselflies are grouped under Zygoptera.
- 6. Abdominal appendages Anisoptera : Dragonfly Male has three abdominal appendages. Two superior and appendages (cerci) and one inferior anal appendage (epi- proct) are present. Zygoptera : Damselfly Four terminal abdominal appendages are present. A pair of superior anal appendages (cerci) and a pair of inferior anal appendages (paraprocts) are present.
- 7. Oviposition Endophytic or Exophytic Exophytic – in anisoptera, drop the eggs freely into water or attach superficially to aquatic plants Endophytic – in zygoptera & two families in anisoptera, make slits in stems & leaves and insert the eggs