Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp.

23(2) 2023
https://doi.org/10.59893/abud.23(2).002 ISSN 1407 – 8953

COMPLETE CHECKLIST OF MYXOMYCETES

IN LATVIA
Julita Kluša*

Kluša J. 2023. Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia. Acta Biol. Univ.

Daugavp., 23(2):127-151.

Abstract
This paper presents a list of myxomycete taxa recorded in Latvia up to November 20,
2023. It consists of 251 taxa (230 species, 20 varieties and one subspecies), including
141 taxa new for the country, identified after 2006 and not recorded in the latest check-
list, published by Adamonytė in 2020. Fourty-seven of these, according to published da-
ta, are also new species to the Baltic states. Nivicolous species, as well as the frequency
of occurrence and common Latvian names for all the taxa are published for the first
time.

Keywords: Baltics, checklist, common names, Latvia, myxomycetes, occurrence, slime

molds

*Corresponding author: Julita Kluša. Spilves 35-30, LV-1055, Riga, Latvia, E-mail:
julita@dziedava.lv

INTRODUCTION Vimba & Adamonytė 2003, Adamonytė &

Vimba 2005, Adamonytė 2006).
The first checklist of myxomycetes
(=Myxogastrea, plasmodial slime molds) in In 2020, Adamonytė published a list of Lat-
Latvia was published in 1890 and consisted vian myxomycetes species based on literature
of 40 species collected near Riga (Rotert records, which included 108 species (Ada-
1890). In the 20th century, only a few publi- monytė 2020).
cations have followed in which myxomycete
finds in Latvia were mentioned, three in the In December 2008, the nature data reporting
first half of the century (Jaczewsky 1907, portal dabasdati.lv was established in Latvia,
Bucholtz 1908, Kupffer 1931) and one in the open for anyone who wants to report observa-
second half of the century (Ruskule & Vimba tions of any group of organisms. The first
1987). reports of myxomycetes were published on
this portal in the autumn of 2009. From 2016
At the beginning of the 21st century, until onwards the number of myxomycete reports
2006, the only studies of myxomycetes in in dabasdati.lv has increased from several
Latvia were carried out by the Lithuanian hundred to a few thousand observations per
mycologist Gražina Adamonytė, who, in co- year. Up to November 20, 2023, more than
operation with the Latvian mycologist Edgars 18 thousand observations of myxomycetes
Vimba, revised herbarium funds and made have been registered by more than 200 repor-
new collections (Adamonytė & Vimba 2003, ters. These reports represent 231 taxa inclu-
ding 141 taxa new for Latvia (Dabasdati.lv

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 Julita Kluša

2023) compared to the list published by Regarding the species discovered by Wladi-
Adamonytė (2020). Data of one of the new slaw Adolfovich Rotert (Rotert 1890), Arthur
species was used in the study of distribution Louis Arthurovič Jaczewsky (Jaczewsky
of the rare myxomycete species Tubifera 1907) and Karl Reinhold Kupffer (Kupffer
dudkae (Leontyev 2022). 1931), only the year of publication is known.
For the specimens identified by Skaidrīte
In 2023, the Latvian common names of Ruskule (Ruskule & Vimba 1987), the last of
all taxa of myxomycetes were introduced by the time interval 1984 to 1986 mentioned in
a working group of four people, namely, the this work was used as the year of identifica-
author of this article, as well as Sandis tion. For the specimens described from more
Laime, Inguna Riževa and Vija Sīmansone. recent literature (Adamonytė & Vimba 2003,
In this paper they are published for the first Vimba & Adamonytė 2003, Adamonytė &
time. Vimba 2005, Adamonytė 2006) publication
year was used as the year of identification. If
During 2020-2024, within the framework of the identification of the species was not done
the “LIFE project "Threatened species in by the author of the article and the exact year
Latvia: improved knowledge, capacity, data is unknown, then the mentioned [publication]
and awareness"” (project acronym: LIFE year is marked with asterisk (*).
FOR SPECIES, project No.: LIFE19GIE/LV/
000857), evaluation of species according to To determine whether the species is new in
IUCN criteria has been taking place in Lat- Latvia, it was compared with the list publis-
via. This activity includes creating a list of hed by Adamonytė (2020). To determine
specially protected species. In its framework, whether the species is new for the Baltic Sta-
five species of myxomycetes in Latvia were tes (i.e. Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) ac-
evaluated and recommended to be included in cording to published data, first World Reports
the list. of Myxomycetes (Gøtzsche 2016-2023) have
been used. In addition, information from a
MATERIALS AND METHODS 1995 publication on Lithuanian myxomycetes
(Mazelaitis & Stanevičienė 1995) is used,
In order to determine which taxa of myxomy- which is not included in the mentioned com-
cetes are found in Latvia, the data of availa- pilation. After that, it was checked that these
ble literature (Rotert 1890, Jaczewsky 1907, species do not have any reliable report on
Bucholtz 1908, Kupffer 1931, Ruskule & gbif.org website (GBIF 2023) on the territory
Vimba 1987, Adamonytė & Vimba 2003, of the Baltic States.
Vimba & Adamonytė 2003, Adamonytė &
Vimba 2005, Adamonytė 2006), the For each taxa new to Latvia at least one spec-
Dabasdati.lv portal (Dabasdati.lv 2023) and imen was examined with a microscope (most-
one personal communication (Ansis Op- ly in 2020-2023). Most of the specimens we-
manis) were used. re examined with a microscope and have
been identified or verified by the author of
For all taxa the scientific name of a taxon, the this article. Sandis Laime performed micros-
common name in Latvian, the name of the copy himself for all his records. Inguna
collector, whose observation is the first iden- Riževa, Vija Sīmansone, Laima Birziņa and
tified record, the identifier and the year of Marita Krūze examined with a microscope
collection and identification are provided. If some of their records. Some specimens were
several first observations of the same taxon examined with a microscope by Edvin Jo-
are determined around the same time or if hannesen. Author of this article studied all
any earlier record was determined later then specimens under a Levenhuk 870T Biological
they are all described. Trinocular Microscope, using KOH 3% as a

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 Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia

slide mounting medium. Methylene blue was with small and inconspicuous fruiting bodies,
used to colorate hyaline structures in Arcyria because these could be more common than
spp., Dianema spp. and Lycogala spp. If found and reported.
microscopy was performed by another per-
son, similar equipment and methodology was The very small fruiting bodies of some myx-
used. omycetes allows to detect them only by using
a microscope in samples collected for larger
Identification of taxa was primarily done us- myxomycetes. Also, the lack of experience to
ing identification keys (Poulain et al. 2011, deliberately look for and find such species, as
Neubert et al. 1993, Neubert et al.1995, Neu- well as the lack of experience in growing
bert et al. 2000, Nannenga-Bremekamp 2022) them in moist chambers, is presumably the
and original descriptions, available in the reason why, after 2006, several species which
online database of Lado (2005-2023). The were found and identified by Adamonytė
latest taxonomic changes are also taken into have not been found by us. Species mentio-
account (Leontyev et al. 2015, 2019b, 2023, ned in previous publications, but not found
García-Cunchillos et al. 2022, García-Martín after 2006, are also marked in species list in
et al. 2023). this article.

A large part of the identifications of the new Frequency of the occurrence are given for
taxa was discussed with Edvin Johannesen taxa found after 2006. The gradation is
(Norway, personal communication). There shown in the checklist as follows (observa-
have been discussions about the identification tions until November 20, 2023, are taken into
of species both in the Facebook group "Slime account):
Mold Identification & Appreciation" (com- "One locality" - all reports in all years (2006-
municating with foreign experts) and on the 2023) within 1 km2 are considered as one
portal Dabasdati.lv (discussing with other locality (54 taxa);
interested people in Latvia). If a taxon was "Very rare" - 2-10 localities (99 taxa);
identified in a joint discussion of two people, "Quite rare" - more than 10 localities, less
both are mentioned as the identifiers. than 50 observations (29 taxa);
"Moderately common" 50-189 observations
The nomenclature was applied following an (30 taxa);
online nomenclatural information system of "Common" - 190-799 observations (16 taxa);
Eumycetozoa (Lado 2005-2023). Where in "Very common" - at least 800 observations
doubt, the names of taxa used in the list of (3 taxa).
myxomycetes of Norway (Johannesen & Vet-
lesen 2020) were consulted and used. Data deficiency (DD) is mentioned if a taxon
Synonyms are provided for species whose has been described only recently and thus we
scientific name has changed in recent years cannot draw conclusions about its abundance.
and is more widely known by this synonym. The IUCN category is indicated only for the
five species of myxomycetes evaluated.
Since all taxa of myxomycetes recorded in
Latvia after 2006 are deliberately registered The checklist includes myxomycete species
in Dabasdati.lv, and since the number of re- shown in alphabetical order. The first collec-
ports is large enough and the accuracy of the tors and identifiers for previously discovered,
reports has been checked as far as possible, but rare in Latvia species are also mentioned
we could draw some conclusions about the for the reviewed period after 2006. Other
frequency of occurrence of them. Frequency additional data (exact date of observation,
of occurrence is understood here as the fre- parish or city, substrate, habitat) are present-
quency of observations, especially for species ed for all mentioned collections after 2006 in

129
 Julita Kluša

accordance with the reports on the portal Härk.), kūlīšu plaispika - leg. J.Kluša, 10 Jul
Dabasdati.lv (Dabasdati.lv 2023) or personal 2023, Pope p., 1.5-2.5 m high in a hollow and
messages. Parishes and cities are listed on bark of living Tilia cordata in a park-like
according to the current (2023) administrati- graveyard, det. E.Johannesen, 2023; (JK),
ve-territorial division in Latvia (Valsts zemes one locality.
dienests 2023). If the species is registered in
less than 15 countries of the world according ● Angioridium sinuosum (Bull.) Grev. (syn.
to the World Reports of Myxomycetes Physarum bivalve Pers.), labirinta rāpulīte -
(Gøtzsche 2016-2023), then all or a selection leg. J.Kluša, 11 Oct 2021, Jūrmala, on litter
of findings are indicated. and mosses in black alder swamp forest, det.
J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK),
Herbarium name is given for taxa found after very rare.
2006. Specimens of most of the taxa have
been stored in the herbarium of the Latvian Arcyria affinis Rostaf., ciešā sprodzīte - leg.
National Museum of Natural History E.Vimba, 1979, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003;
(NMKK). Personal collections of Julita Kluša leg. J.Kluša, 17 Aug 2020, Sigulda p., on a
(JK), Sandis Laime (SL) and Laima Birziņa decaying log of Betula sp. in a mixed forest,
(LB) are mentioned only in cases where there det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), quite rare.
is no specimen sample in the public herbaria. Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., pelēcīgā
It is planned to transfer the samples of all sprodzīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890;
recorded taxa to a public herbarium. (NMKK), common.
^ Arcyria congesta (Alb. et Schwein.)
The herbarium material of previously (up to O.F.Cook (syn. Arcyodes incarnata (Alb. &
2006) reported species within this work was Schwein.) O.F. Cook), sablīvētā sprodzīte -
not revised. The cases when the specimen is leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986.
not preserved, and when identification was Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst., irdenā
doubtful, are mentioned in the checklist. I sprodzīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890;
propose to remove one species (Physarum (NMKK), moderately common.
altaicum) from the list of myxomycetes in ● Arcyria ferruginea Saut., rūsainā sprodzī-
Latvia. te - leg. I.Riževa, 21 Oct 2020, Rīga, on a
decaying log of Pinus sylvestris in a humid
pine forest, det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša, 2021;
RESULTS (NMKK), moderately common.
^ Arcyria glauca Lister, zilganā sprodzīte -
A complete list of myxomycete taxa repor- leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986.
ted from Latvia Doubtful. No sample to check. May be con-
All taxa new to Latvia are marked with ●. fused with Arcyria cinerea.
Species new in the Baltics are marked with B. ● Arcyria globosa Schwein., lodveida
Species not found after 2006 are marked with sprodzīte - leg.&det. S.Laime, 28 Sep 2023,
^. Cēsis, on deciduous log in a mixed forest,
Latvian names are shown in bold. conf. J.Kluša, 2023; (SL), one locality.
B● Arcyria helvetica (Meyl.) H. Neubert,
Amaurochaete atra (Alb. et Schwein.) Nowotny & K. Baumann, stērbeļkausa
Rostaf., melnā plaispika - leg.&det. sprodzīte - leg. L.Birziņa, 14 Nov 2020,
W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), moderately com- Ādaži p., on a small decaying deciduous log
mon. in a ditch by the slope, det. L.Birziņa &
B● Amaurochaete fusiformis (Nann.-Bremek. J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), one locality.
& Härk.) H. Marx & A. Kuhnt (syn. ● Arcyria imperialis (G.Lister) Q.Wang &
Symphytocarpus fusiformis Nann.-Bremek. & Yu Li, ķeizariskā sprodzīte - leg. M.Krūze,

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 Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia

04 Oct 2020, Smārde p., on a decaying log in ● Badhamia affinis var. microspora (Meyl.)
a forest, det. M.Krūze & J.Kluša, 2020; Nann.-Bremek. & Y. Yamam., koku dzelk-
(NMKK), quite rare. snītes sīksporu varietāte - leg. I.Rožlapa, 28
Arcyria incarnata (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Pers., Jan 2023, Rīga, on deciduous log in a damp
sprogainā sprodzīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, place, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2023;
1890; leg. L.Birziņa, 17 Sep 2021, Ādaži, 2 (NMKK), one locality.
m high on a dead, decorticated branch of Qu- B● Badhamia bethelii (T. Macbr. ex G. Lis-
ercus robur in the yard, det. L.Birziņa, conf. ter) J.M. García-Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado
J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), quite rare. (syn. Physarum bethelii T. Macbr. ex G. Lis-
Arcyria insignis Kalchbr. & Cooke, smalkā ter), Bethela pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 27 Jul
sprodzīte - leg. S.Ruskule, 1984, det. 2023, Ziras p., on a small log of Pinus sylves-
S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. J.Kluša, 09 Sep 2020, tris in a drained boreal forest, det. J.Kluša,
Sigulda p., on deciduous log in a mixed 2023; (NMKK), very rare.
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; (JK), one locality. ● Badhamia capsulifera (Bull.) Berk., kap-
● Arcyria major (G. Lister) Ing, lielā sulu dzelksnīte - leg. L.Birziņa, 22 Feb 2021,
sprodzīte - leg. V.Sīmansone, 15 Jun 2022, Ādaži, 1.5 m high on snag of Salix sp. in a
Sēja p., at the base of Betula sp. in a mixed deciduous forest by the river, det. L.Birziņa
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), very & J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare.
rare. ● Badhamia lilacina (Fr.) Rostaf., purvu
Arcyria minuta Buchet, mazā sprodzīte - dzelksnīte - leg. E.Oļehnoviča, 17 Aug 2020,
leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, Dekšāre p., on litter among Sphagnum sp. at
2006; leg. J.Kluša, 10 Aug 2022, Jūrmala, on the edge of the raised bog, det. J.Kluša, 2020;
mosses in black alder swamp forest, det. (NMKK), moderately common.
J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), very rare. ● Badhamia lilacina var. megaspora Nann.-
Arcyria obvelata (Oeder) Onsberg, bēšā Bremek., purvu dzelksnītes lielsporu varie-
sprodzīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; tāte - leg. J.Kluša, 16 Sep 2023, Lēdurga p.,
(NMKK), moderately common. on Oxycoccus palustris in a transitional mire,
Arcyria oerstedii Rostaf., Ersteda (maltās- det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), one locality.
gaļas) sprodzīte - leg. E.Vimba, 1953, det. Badhamia macrocarpa (Ces.) Rostaf., lielā
T.Sizova, 2003*; leg. J.Kluša, 28 Sep 2022, dzelksnīte - leg. E.Vimba, 1993, det.
Jūrmala, on decaying log of Picea abies in a G.Adamonytė, 2003; leg. G.Kolle, 26 Sep
mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), 2019, Rīga, on a decaying stump of Acer pla-
quite rare. tanoides, det. A.Opmanis, conf. J.Kluša,
Arcyria pomiformis (Leers) Rostaf., apaļīgā 2019; (NMKK), very rare.
sprodzīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg. B● Badhamia melanospora Speg., krumpai-
S.Laime, 26 Sep 2021, Cēsis, on a decaying nā dzelksnīte - leg. L.Birziņa, 11 Nov 2021,
log of Salix sp. in a forest, det. S.Laime, conf. Ādaži, 1 m high on a thin trunk of dead Acer
J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare. negundo in the deciduous forest by the river,
Arcyria stipata (Schwein.) Lister, sardelīšu det. L.Birziņa & J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK),
sprodzīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. very rare.
G.Adamonytė, 2006; (NMKK), moderately B● Badhamia nitens Berk., dzeltenā dzelk-
common. snīte - leg. S.Laime, 14 Oct 2021, Cēsis, on
bark of Picea abies in litter in a forest, det.
● Badhamia affinis Rostaf., koku dzelksnīte S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2021; (SL), one lo-
- leg. J.Kluša, 10 Oct 2021, Strazde p., 1.3 m cality.
high on trunk bark and mosses on Tilia cor- Badhamia panicea (Fr.) Rostaf., klaipu
data in the linden alley, det. J.Kluša, 2021; dzelksnīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det.
(NMKK), very rare. G.Adamonytė, 2006; leg. B.Kološuka, 07
Nov 2019, Kalvene p., on sawn off Populus

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 Julita Kluša

tremula in the clearing, det. J.Kluša, 2020; ● Collaria rubens (Lister) Nann.-Bremek.
(NMKK), very rare. (syn. Comatricha rubens Lister), sārtbrūnā
Badhamia utricularis (Bull.) Berk., vīnogķe- palampīte - leg. J.Kluša, 01 Nov 2021, Jūr-
karu dzelksnīte - leg. V.Tumšs, 1934, det. mala, On Nowellia curvifolia and decaying
G.Adamonytė, 2005; (NMKK), moderately deciduous log in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša,
common. 2022; (NMKK), very rare.

Barbeyella minutissima Meyl., sīkā barbe- Colloderma oculatum (C. Lippert) G. Lister,
jella - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. vienacainā kurkulīte - leg. G.Adamonytė,
G.Adamonytė, 2006; leg. S.Laime, 10 Jan 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 2006; leg. I.Riževa,
2020, Cēsis, on mosses together with Dider- 19 Oct 2021, Rīga, on a log of Pinus sylves-
ma tigrinum on a decaying log of Picea abies tris with Nowellia curvifolia in a forest, det.
in springy slope in a mixed forest, det. I.Riževa & J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very
S.Laime, 2020; (JK), very rare (CR); 7 locali- rare.
ties in Latvia, recommended for the list of B● Colloderma robustum Meyl., brūnā kur-
specially protected species in Latvia. kulīte - leg. J.Kluša, 07 Oct 2022, Krimulda
p., on Nowellia curvifolia on a log of Pinus
● Brefeldia maxima (Fr.) Rostaf., milzu bre- sylvestris in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša,
feldija - leg. I.Riževa, 03 Nov 2020, Rīga, on conf. E.Johannesen, 2022; leg. J.Kluša 09
a decaying stump of Populus sp. in a mixed Nov 2023, Jūrmala, on Hypnum cupressifor-
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), quite me on a log in a boreal forest by the peat
rare. pond, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), very rare.

^ Calomyxa metallica (Berk.) Nieuwl., mir- ● Comatricha alta Preuss, šmaugā kocīte -
dzošā pērlenīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, leg. L.Birziņa, 17 Nov 2019, Garkalne p., on
det. G.Adamonytė, 2006. a log of Tilia cordata in a deciduous forest,
det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), very rare.
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müll.) T. Ma- Comatricha elegans (Racib.) G. Lister, ele-
cbr., zarainā ragainīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, gantā kocīte - leg. E.Vimba, 1986, det.
1890; (NMKK), very common. G.Adamonytė, 2003; leg. S.Laime, 09 Aug
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. porioides (Alb. 2020, Cēsis, on a decaying log of Salix sp. in
& Schwein.) G. Lister, porainā ragainīte - a forest, det. S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2020;
leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), com- (NMKK), very rare.
mon. ● Comatricha elegans var. microspora
H. Marx, elegantās kocītes sīksporu varie-
Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt, de Barī tāte - leg. J.Kluša, 21 Sep 2023, Taurupe p.,
(bumbuļkāta) krādzīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, on a small deciduous log in a deciduous
2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 2006; leg. S.Laime, forest by the river, det. J.Kluša, 2023;
13 Oct 2019, Cēsis, on decaying log of Picea (NMKK), one locality.
abies in a forest, det. S.Laime, 2019; (JK), ● Comatricha ellae Härk., Ellas kocīte - leg.
very rare. R.Kaupuža, 13 Aug 2021, Salnava p., on a
board of Pinus sylvestris from an old shed,
Collaria arcyrionema (Rostaf.) Nann.- det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare.
Bremek. ex Lado, apkakles palampīte - ● Comatricha fragilis Meyl., trauslā kocīte -
leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890, leg. V.Baroniņa, leg. J.Kluša, 28 Sep 2022, Jūrmala, on a log
07 Jul 2020, Jūrmala, on a decaying log of of Pinus sylvestris in a boreal forest, det.
Populus tremula, det. J.Kluša, 2020; J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), one locality.
(NMKK), quite rare. ● Comatricha laxa Rostaf., daudzveidīgā
kocīte - leg. B.Kološuka, 04 Nov 2019, Kal-

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vene p., on a log of Fraxinus excelsior in a det. S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2022; leg.
woodpile in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, J.Kluša, 27 Aug 2023, Straupe p., on a log of
2020; (NMKK), very rare. Pinus sylvestris on the boreal forest slope,
B● Comatricha meandrispora A. Castillo, G. det. J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), very rare. This spe-
Moreno & Illana, pudeļkāta kocīte - leg. cies is characterized by a suddenly tapered
S.Laime, 24 Dec 2019, Cēsis, on a log of columella and by spores with an incomplete
Pinus sylvestris on the boreal forest slope, reticulum (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Comatricha meandrispora: A - two sporocarps with visible columella and

capillitium, B - spores. Photo: J. Kluša.

● Comatricha nigra (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) J. forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021; leg. J.Kluša,
Schröt., melnā kocīte - leg. I.Riževa, 05 Apr 27 Sep 2023, Lielvārde p., on a log of Betula
2021, Ropaži p., on a log in the forest by the sp. in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023;
river, det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare.
(NMKK), moderately common.
● Comatricha pulchella (C. Bab.) Rostaf., B● Craterium aureonucleatum Nann.-
glītā kocīte - leg. J.Kluša, 19 Sep 2022, Bremek., zeltkodola krāterīte - leg.
Zebrene p., on a log of Quercus robur in a A.Kalve, 27 Aug 2023, Valka p., on litter in a
deciduous forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. humid boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023;
E.Johannesen, 2022; (NMKK), very rare. (NMKK), one locality.
● Comatricha tenerrima var. macrospora ● Craterium aureum (Schumach.) Rostaf.,
Rammeloo, smailās kocītes lielsporu varie- zeltainā krāterīte - leg. J.Kluša, 03 Aug
tāte - leg. A.Piroga, 01 Nov 2021, Barkava 2022, Krimulda p., on litter on Picea abies in
p., on a log of Populus tremula in a mixed

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a humid mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; nus sylvestris in a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021;
(NMKK), very rare. leg. J.Kluša, 05 Jul 2021, Engure p., on a
Craterium leucocephalum (Pers. ex J.F. decaying log of Picea abies in a mixed forest,
Gmel.) Ditmar, baltā krāterīte - leg.&det. det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), quite rare.
W.Rotert, 1890; leg. J.Kluša, 21 Aug 2020, B● Cribraria costata Dhillon & Nann.-
Sigulda p., on mosses on a sandstone outcrop Bremek., ribainā lākturīte - leg. J.Kluša, 07
in a ravine forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020; Oct 2021, Jūrmala, on a decaying log in a
(NMKK), quite rare. humid boreal forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021;
● Craterium minutum (Leers) Fr., sīkā krā- (JK), one locality.
terīte - leg. J.Kluša, 07 Oct 2021, Jūrmala, on Cribraria ferruginea Meyl., bezkausiņa lāk-
mosses in black alder swamp forest, det. turīte - leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule,
J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), quite rare. 1986; leg. J.Kluša, 27 Sep 2020, Straupe p.,
● Craterium minutum cf. var. brunneum on a log of Quercus robur in a mixed forest,
(Nann.-Bremek.) L.G. Krieglst., brūnā krā- det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2020;
terīte - leg. J.Kluša, 12 Nov 2019, Jaunanna (NMKK), very rare.
p., on litter in a boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, Cribraria macrocarpa Schrad., lielā lākturī-
2021; (NMKK), very rare. te - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg. S.Laime,
19 Oct 2019, Cēsis, on a decaying log of Pi-
Cribraria argillacea (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) cea abies on the forest slope, det. S.Laime,
Pers., mālkrāsas lākturīte - leg.&det. 2019; (SL), one locality.
W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), moderately com- B● Cribraria cf. martinii Nann.-Bremek.,
mon. Martina lākturīte - leg. J.Kluša, 21 Jul
● Cribraria atrofusca G.W. Martin & Love- 2022, Ance p., on a decaying log of Picea
joy, tumšbrūnā lākturīte - leg. J.Kluša, 22 abies in a humid boreal forest, det.
Sep 2020, Sigulda p., on a decaying log of E.Johannesen, 2023; (JK), one locality;
Picea abies in a ravine forest, det. J.Kluša, differs from a typical C. martinii by slightly
conf. E.Johannesen, 2020; (NMKK), very larger dictydine granules (1-2.5 µm).
rare. ● Cribraria microcarpa (Schrad.) Pers., sīkā
Cribraria aurantiaca Schrad., dzeltenoranžā lākturīte - leg. S.Laime, 16 Sep 2020, Cēsis,
lākturīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg. decaying log of Picea abies in a forest, det.
S.Laime, 09 Jul 2020, Cēsis, on a decaying S.Laime, 2021; (JK), very rare.
log of Pinus sylvestris in a forest, det. ● Cribraria oregana H.C. Gilbert, Oregonas
S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), quite lākturīte - leg. J.Kluša, 27 Jul 2023, Ziras p.,
rare. on a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris in a
● Cribraria aurantiaca var. persoonii boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK),
(Nann.-Bremek.) Nann.-Bremek., Persona one locality.
lākturīte - leg. A.Baroniņš, 14 Jul 2020, ● Cribraria pertenuis Flatau & Schirmer,
Brunava p., on a decaying log of Alnus inca- spradzeņu lākturīte - leg. J.Kluša, 24 Aug
na in a forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2020; 2022, Pope p., on a decaying log of Picea
(NMKK), very rare. abies in drained boreal forest, det. J.Kluša,
Cribraria cancellata (Batsch) Nann.- 2022; (JK), one locality.
Bremek., tīklotā lākturīte - leg.&det. ● Cribraria piriformis Schrad., bumbiervei-
W.Rotert, 1890, leg. S.Laime, 01 Feb 2020, da lākturīte - leg. A.Baroniņš, 01 Aug 2020,
Cēsis, on a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris in Jūrmala, on a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris
a forest by the stream, det. S.Laime, 2020; in a forest; V.Baroniņa, 02 Aug 2020, Jūrma-
(NMKK), quite rare. la, on a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris in a
● Cribraria cancellata var. fusca (Lister) boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK),
Nann.-Bremek., kaustīklotā lākturīte - leg. quite rare.
S.Laime, 22 Jul 2020, Cēsis, on a log of Pi-

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Cribraria purpurea Schrad., purpura lāktu- sylvestris in a forest, det. S.Laime, conf.
rīte - leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare.
1986; (NMKK), common in specific, suitable B● Dianema depressum (Lister) Lister, pla-
habitats, on well rotted conifers, mostly spru- kanā sveķenīte - leg. V.Sīmansone, 21 Sep
ce, overall distribution uneven. Can serve as 2023, Taurupe p., on a log of Populus tremu-
woodland key habitat indicator species. la in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023;
B● Cribraria rubiginosa Fr., sarkanbrūnā (NMKK), one locality.
lākturīte - leg. J.Kluša, 07 Oct 2021, Jūrma- B● Dianema nivale (Meyl.) G. Lister, sniega
la, on a decaying log of Picea abies in a bo- sveķenīte - leg. M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 14
real forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, Apr 2023, Ozolaine p., on a small deciduous
2022; leg. E.Veinberga, 20 Mar 2023, Sa- branch in litter in old humid deciduous forest
laspils p., on a log of Pinus sylvestris at the near melting snow, det. J.Kluša, conf.
edge of a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; E.Johannesen, 2023; (JK), one locality.
(NMKK), very rare.
Cribraria rufa (Roth) Rostaf., rūsganā lāk- ● Dictydiaethalium plumbeum (Schumach.)
turīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), Rostaf., svinpelēkais sīkacis - leg. J.Kluša,
moderately common. 22 Sep 2020, Sigulda p., on a log of Populus
● Cribraria splendens (Schrad.) Pers., mir- tremula in a mixed humid ravine forest, det.
dzošā lākturīte - leg. V.Baroniņa, 16 Aug J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare.
2021, Šēdere p., on a decaying log of Picea
abies in a forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. B● Diderma chondrioderma (de Bary &
E.Johannesen, 2022, very rare. Rostaf.) G. Lister, cietā olīte - leg. J.Kluša,
● Cribraria cf. tenella Schrad., maigā lāktu- 07 Oct 2021, Jūrmala, on Hylocomiadelphus
rīte - leg. M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 22 Aug triquetrus in a drained black alder swamp
2023, Čornaja p., on a decaying stump of forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK),
Picea abies in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, one locality.
2023; (JK), one locality; differs from typical ^ Diderma cinereum Morgan, pelēcīgā olīte -
C. tenella by larger dictydine granules (basi- leg. S.Ruskule, 1984, det. S.Ruskule, 1986.
cally 2-2.5 µm). Doubtful. No sample to check. May be con-
^ Cribraria violacea Rex, violetā lākturīte - fused with Diderma radiatum.
leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, B● Diderma cingulatum Nann.-Bremek.,
2006. gredzenotā olīte - leg. I.Vīnšteina, 28 Aug
Cribraria vulgaris Schrad., parastā lākturīte 2021, Zvārde p., on litter and plants in the
- leg. K.Starcs, 1934, det. G.Adamonytė, ditch next to an orchard, det. J.Kluša, 2021;
2005; leg. J.Kluša, 06 Aug 2020, Sigulda p., (NMKK), very rare.
on a big and decaying log of Quercus robur ● Diderma crustaceum Peck, garozas olīte -
in a ravine forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021; leg. J.Kluša, 02 Oct 2020, Sigulda, on a
(NMKK), very rare. sandstone outcrop in a ravine forest, det.
E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), very rare.
● Diachea leucopodia (Bull.) Rostaf., balt- ● Diderma deplanatum Fr., sūnu olīte - leg.
kājas vizulīte - leg. K.Aizpurve, 08 Sep J.Kluša, 04 Oct 2017, Baltinava p., on Dicra-
2018, Indrāni p., on Oxalis acetosella in a num scoparium in a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020;
mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), (NMKK), very rare.
quite rare. ● Diderma effusum (Schwein.) Morgan, iz-
plūdusī olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 03 Aug 2022,
Dianema corticatum Lister, mizas sveķenīte Krimulda p., on leaf of Quercus robur in lit-
- leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. ter next to log of Picea abies in a mixed
G.Adamonytė, 2006; leg. S.Laime, 01 Aug forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen,
2020, Cēsis, on a decaying log of Pinus 2022; (NMKK), very rare.

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Diderma floriforme (Bull.) Pers., ziedu olīte - Diderma spumarioides (Fr.) Fr., putukrēju-
leg. K.Starcs, 1934, det. W.T. Elliot, 2005*, ma olīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg.
leg. J.Kluša, 18 Oct 2021, Jūrmala, on mossy V.Baroniņa, 06 Aug 2020, Jaunbērze p., on
log in a wet reedbed, det. J.Kluša, 2021; mosses in an aspen forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020;
(NMKK), one locality. (NMKK), very rare.
● Diderma globosum Pers., apaļblīvā olīte - B● Diderma subviridifuscum Buyck, iebrūnā
leg. L.Jēka, 05 Oct 2022, Zlēkas p., on a olīte - leg. A.Kalve, 08 Oct 2021, Valka p.,
small twig in litter on the forest slope, det. on litter and mosses in a ditch near a conifer-
J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), very rare. ous forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen;
● Diderma hemisphaericum (Bull.) Hornem., leg. A.Piroga, 12 Sep 2021, Nagļi p., on
pogveida olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 14 Sep 2021, Hylocomium splendens and plants on road-
Līgatne p., on litter and mosses in a ravine side embankment with lingonberries, det.
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), one lo- J.Kluša, 2021; leg. J.Kluša, 03 Sep 2023,
cality. Daugmale p., on Calluna vulgaris and
● Diderma montanum (Meyl.) Meyl., kalnu Vaccinium vitis-idaea in young forest of Pi-
olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 09 Mar 2020, Sigulda, on nus sylvestris, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK),
mosses on a sandstone outcrop in a ravine very rare.
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; leg. S.Laime, 09 ● Diderma subviridifuscum Buyck var. ma-
Oct 2021, Cēsis, on a log of Salix sp. in a crospora*, iebrūnās olītes liesporu varietā-
forest, det. S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2022; te - leg. J.Kluša, 25 Oct 2021, 14 Sep 2023,
(NMKK), very rare. Jūrmala, on mosses, plants (Carex sp.) and on
B● Diderma ochraceum Hoffm., dzelten- logs of Populus tremula un Tilia cordata in a
brūnā olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 22 Sep 2020, Si- mixed forest; leg. L.Jēka, 09 Sep 2023, Uža-
gulda p., on mosses on a log in a humid ravi- va p., on mosses in deciduous forest, det.
ne forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), very rare. *I would pro-
very rare (EN); 5 localities in Latvia, recom- pose a new variety with significantly larger
mended for the list of specially protected spores (13-17 µm) than the basic species (10-
species in Latvia. 13 µm), observed in two localities in western
Diderma radiatum (L.) Morgan, starojošā Latvia, in nine samples in 2021 and 2023.
olīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), ● Diderma testaceum (Schrad.) Pers., kapsu-
moderately common. lu olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 12 Aug 2019, Līdum-
● Diderma roanense (Rex.) T. Macbr., pla- nieki p., on mosses and plants in transitional
kanziedu olīte - leg. J.Kluša, 11 Oct 2021, mire, det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), quite rare.
Jūrmala, on a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris ● Diderma tigrinum (Schrad.) Prikhodko,
in a drained boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; Shchepin, Novozh. López-Vill., G. Moreno
(NMKK), one locality. & Schnittler (syn. Lepidoderma tigrinum
B● Diderma rufostriatum Nann.-Bremek. & (Schrad.) Rostaf.), tīģerkrāsas pārslainīte -
Lado, gailenes olīte - leg. M.Šlapakova- leg. A.Opmanis, 14 Oct 2008, Vecumi p., on
Pjankova, 6 Nov 2023, Vērēmi p., on Dicranum sp. on a decaying trunk of Pinus
Cantharellus cibarius in a mixed forest, det. sylvestris in a bog woodland, det.
J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), one locality. The spores G.Adamonytė, 2008; (NMKK), moderately
are larger than in the original description (10- common.
13 µm as opposed to 9-10.5 µm), but all other ● Diderma umbilicatum Pers., pērļainā olīte-
characters fit. Taking into account that the leg. L.Birziņa, 12 Dec 2020, Ādaži, on mos-
specimen was collected immature, and the ses and deciduous log in a deciduous forest,
species was described only in 1985, it has det. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), very rare.
few localities in the world and is accordingly
little studied, the deviations in the spore size B● Didymium aggregatum G. Moreno &
might not be considered as significant. Lizárraga, ciešā cukurīte - leg.

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M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 01 Jun 2023, Vērēmi leg. J.Kluša, 21 Nov 2019, Ranka p., on mos-
p., on a decaying stump in a mixed dark ses in a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK),
forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, quite rare.
2023; (NMKK), one locality. Didymium minus (Lister) Morgan, mazā cu-
Didymium bahiense Gottsb., Baijas cukurīte kurīte - leg. E.Vimba, 1955, 1995, det.
- leg. K.R.Kupfer, 1927, det. G.Adamonytė, T.Sizova, 2003*; leg. K.Starcs, 1934, det.
2003; leg. A.Piroga, 07 Oct 2021, Arona p., G.Adamonytė, 2005; leg. J.Kluša, 14 Sep
on the lower leaf stalks of cabbage in the 2021, Līgatne p., on litter in a ravine forest,
garden; leg. V.Ērmane, 01 Sep 2021, Svitene det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare.
p., on dried potato leaves in the garden, det. Didymium nigripes (Link) Fr., melnkājas
J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare. cukurīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg.
● Didymium clavus (Alb. & Schwein.) Ra- I.Leimanis, 02 Aug 2016, Sigulda, on Loba-
benh., plakangalvas cukurīte - leg. S.Laime, ria pulmonaria in a mixed forest, det.
14 Oct 2021, Cēsis, on leaves of Oxalis ace- A.Opmanis, conf. J.Kluša, 2018; (NMKK),
tosella and on litter in a forest, det. S.Laime, quite rare.
conf. J.Kluša; leg. J.Kluša, 10 Sep 2021, B● Didymium proximum Berk. & M.A.Curtis
Krimulda p., on mosses on trunk of Acer pla- (syn. Didymium ovoideum Nann.-Bremek.),
tanoides in a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; ovālā cukurīte - leg. A.Opmanis, 08 Sep
(NMKK), very rare. 2018, Embūte p., on Sphagnum fallax in a
● Didymium crustaceum Fr., drumstalu cu- wet depression in a boreal forest, det. J.Kluša,
kurīte - leg. L.Birziņa, 10 Nov 2019, Garkal- conf. E.Johannesen, 2022; (NMKK), one
ne p., on litter in a deciduous forest slope, locality.
det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare. ● Didymium serpula Fr., plakancaurā cuku-
Didymium difforme (Pers.) Gray, nekārtnā rīte - leg. J.Kluša, 06 Sep 2023, Jūrmala, on a
cukurīte - leg. S.Ruskule, 1984, det. tiny twig in litter in a black alder swamp
S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. K.R.Kupfer, 1927, det. forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), very
G.Adamonytė, 2003; leg. J.Kluša, 14 Sep rare.
2021, Līgatne p., on litter in a ravine forest, Didymium spongiosum (Leyss.) J.M. García-
det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare. Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Mucilago
Didymium iridis (Ditmar) Fr., mirdzošā cu- crustacea F.H. Wigg.), pārslainā cukurīte -
kurīte - leg. E.Vimba, 1979, det. T.Sizova, leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), modera-
2003*; leg. S.Laime, 15 sep 2023, Cēsis, on tely common.
Dicranum sp. in a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; ● Didymium spongiosum (Leyss.) J.M. Gar-
(SL), one locality. cía-Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado var. dictyo-
B● Didymium megalosporum Berk. & M.A. spora R.E. Fr., pārslainās cukurītes
Curtis, iedzeltenā cukurīte - leg. M.Rieksts- tīklsporu varietāte - leg. J.Kluša, 19 Jul
Hofmanis, 30 Aug 2023, Engures p., on pine 2023, Užava p., on leaves of Festuca ovina
bark mulch in a garden, det. J.Kluša, conf. and on needles of Pinus sylvestris under pine
E.Johannesen, 2023; (NMKK), one locality. in a gray dune, det. E.Johannesen, 2023;
Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr., (NMKK), one locality. This variety is charac-
sūnu cukurīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; terized by subreticulate spores (Fig. 2).

137
 Julita Kluša

Figure 2. Didymium spongiosum var. dictyospora: A - spores, B - sporocarp. Photo: J. Kluša.

Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) ^ Echinostelium brooksii K.D. Whitney,

Fr. & Palmquist, zvīņainā cukurīte - leg. Brūksa adatīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005,
S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. det. G.Adamonytė, 2006.
J.Kluša, 18 Aug 2022, Jūrmala, on a small ^ Echinostelium minutum de Bary, sīkā ada-
twig in litter in aspen - conifer forest, det. tīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det.
J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), very rare. G.Adamonytė, 2006.

^ Echinostelium apitectum K.D. Whitney, Enerthenema papillatum (Pers.) Rostaf.,

sporgalvas adatīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, nabas jāņodzīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890;
2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 2006. leg. L.Birziņa, 21 Nov 2020, Ādaži p., on
branch of Quercus robur that fell into a ditch,

138
 Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia

det. L.Birziņa, conf. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), cf. rufa we mean specimens with a yellow
quite rare. plasmodium, but over time it becomes yellow
with rusty spots and rusty, thus different from
● Fuligo gyrosa (Rostaf.) E. Jahn (syn. other varieties that do not change color from
Physarum gyrosum Rostaf.), kruzuļotais yellow to rusty.
ragansviests - leg. A.Baroniņš, 30 Aug 2021, Fuligo septica var. candida (Pers.) R.E. Fr.,
on mosses in a dune forest, Sala p. (Mārupe baltais ragansviests - leg. E.Vimba, 1988,
distr.), det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003 (as F.candida
2021; (NMKK), very rare. Pers.); (NMKK), common.
Fuligo leviderma H. Neubert, Nowotny & K.
Baumann, gludais ragansviests - leg. ● Gulielmina vermicularis (Schwein.) Gar-
K.R.Kupfer, 1918, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003 cía-Cunch., J.C.Zamora & Lado (syn. Pe-
(ascribed to Fuligo cf. leviderma because of richaena vermicularis (Schwein.) Rostaf.),
specimen was heavily damaged by insects tārpveida garenmizaine - leg. L.Birziņa, 31
and could not be reliably identified); leg. Jan 2023, Ādaži, on snag of Acer negundo in
G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, an alluvial deciduous forest, det. L.Birziņa &
2006; (NMKK), common. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), one locality.
B● Fuligo luteonitens L.G. Krieglst. &
Nowotny, dzeltenīgais ragansviests - leg. Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M.L. Farr,
J.Kluša, 21 Dec 2019, Lejasciems p., on a log apkaklītes pilienīte - leg. G.Adamonytė,
of Populus tremula in aspen-spruce forest, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 2006; (NMKK),
det. J.Kluša, 2022; leg. I.Rožlapa, 29 Jan moderately common.
2023, Rīga, on a deciduous log in a clump of Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rostaf., vāles
trees, det. J.Kluša, 2023; leg. R.Ivulāns, 19 pilienīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890;
Aug 2023, Jaunpiebalga p., on a log of Popu- (NMKK), moderately common.
lus tremula in aspen-spruce forest, det. Hemitrichia decipiens (Pers.) García-Cunch.,
J.Kluša, 2023; leg. A.Kalve, 04 Sep 2023, on J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Trichia decipiens
a log of Populus tremula in a mixed forest, (Pers.) T. Macbr.), maldinošā pilienīte -
det J.Kluša, 2023; leg. J.Kluša, 03 Nov 2023, leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), very
on a log of Populus tremula in a mixed for- common.
est, det J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), very rare. ● Hemitrichia decipiens (Pers.) García-
Fuligo septica (L.) F.H. Wigg., parastais Cunch., J.C. Zamora & Lado var. hemitricho-
ragansviests - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; ides Brândza, sīkā pilienīte - leg. J.Kluša, 27
(NMKK), common. Sep 2023, Lielvārde p., on a deciduous log
● Fuligo septica var. flava (Pers.) Lázaro under bark in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša,
Ibiza, dzeltenais ragansviests - leg. I.Riževa, 2023; (NMKK), one locality.
10 Jul 2020, Stopiņu p., on a decaying stump ● Hemitrichia karstenii (Rostaf.) Lister (syn.
in a forest, det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša, 2022; Trichia contorta var. karstenii (Rostaf.) Ing),
(JK), moderately common. Karstena pilienīte - leg. L.Birziņa, 12 Feb
● Fuligo septica var. rosea Nann.-Bremek., 2023, Garkalne p., on a fallen branch of Tilia
rozīgais ragansviests - leg. J.Kluša, 24 Aug cordata on a mixed forest slope, det.
2020, on a decaying stump in a ravine forest, L.Birziņa, conf. E.Johannesen, 2023; (LB),
Sigulda p., det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very one locality.
rare. ^ Hemitrichia leiotricha (Lister) G. Lister,
● Fuligo septica cf. rufa (Pers.) Lázaro Ibiza, gludā pilienīte - leg. S.Ruskule, 1984, det.
rūsganais ragansviests - leg. I.Riževa, 28 S.Ruskule, 1986.
Jun 2021, Mazozolu p., on a decaying stump B● Hemitrichia lutescens (Lister) García-
in a forest, det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša, 2022; Cunch., J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Trichia
(NMKK), moderately common. By F. septica lutescens (Lister) Lister), gailošā pilienīte -

139
 Julita Kluša

leg. S.Laime, 13 Dec 2019, Cēsis, on a deci- det. G.Adamonytė, 2006; (NMKK), modera-
duous log on a forest slope, det. S.Laime, tely common.
conf. J.Kluša, 2020; (SL), very rare. B● Lamproderma echinosporum Meyl.,
Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, ezīšsporu lampīte - leg. M.Šlapakova-
režģa gļotsēne - leg. S.Ruskule, 1984, det. Pjankova, 29 Apr 2023, Žīguri p., on litter in
S.Ruskule, 1986; (NMKK), moderately the old boreal forest near melting snow, det.
common in suitable, humid habitats on deci- J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2023; (NMKK),
dous logs, overall distribution uneven. one locality.
B● Lamproderma elasticum Nann.-Bremek.
● Lamproderma arcyrioides (Sommerf.) & Bozonnet, birstošā lampīte - leg.
Rostaf., tīklotā lampīte - leg. M.Šlapakova- V.Sīmansone, 19 Oct 2022, Sēja p., on a lar-
Pjankova, 27 Apr 2023, Ozolaine p., on a ge log of Fraxinus excelsior in a deciduous
small deciduous branch in litter in old humid forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen,
deciduous forest near melting snow, det. 2022; (NMKK), one locality. This species is
J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), one locality. characterized by columella with a bulbous
Lamproderma columbinum (Pers.) Rostaf., end, peridium remaining as a collar and by
garkājas lampīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, nearly simple and easily falling apart capillit-
ium (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. Lamproderma elasticum: A - sporocarp with visible peridium as a collar, columella

and capillitium, B - capillitium and dry spores. Photo: J.Kluša.

● Lamproderma gulielmae Meyl., brūndo- undulatum in an old aspen forest, det.

buļu lampīte - leg. J.Kluša, 30 Sep 2021, J.Kluša, 2021; leg. V.Sīmansone, 09 Oct
Straupe p., on leaf litter near large log of Pi- 2021, Sēja p., on a log of Populus tremula in
cea abies in a ravine forest, det. J.Kluša, a moist mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; leg.
conf. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), very M.Krūze, 09 Nov 2021, Skrīveri p., on a log
rare. in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021;
B● Lamproderma nigrescens (Rostaf.) (NMKK), very rare.
Rostaf., iesirmā lampīte - leg. R.Kaupuža, B● Lamproderma ovoideum Meyl., ovālā
07 Dec 2020, Medņeva p., on Plagiomnium lampīte - leg. M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 03

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 Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia

May 2023, Vērēmi p., on a deciduous twig in forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen,
litter in a young forest after clearing, near 2022; (NMKK), very rare.
melting snow, det. E.Johannesen, 2023; (JK), ^ Licea operculata (Wingate) G.W. Martin,
one locality. aizvākotā kriksīte - leg. G.Adamonytė,
● Lamproderma pseudomaculatum Mar. 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 2006.
Mey. & Poulain, plankumgaišā lampīte - ^ Licea parasitica (Zukal) G.W. Martin, pa-
leg. M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 14 Apr 2023, razītiskā kriksīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005,
Ozolaine p., on leaf litter in old humid deci- det. G.Adamonytė, 2006.
duous forest near melting snow, det. J.Kluša, Licea pusilla Schrad., lielsporu kriksīte -
conf. E.Johannesen, 2023; leg. R.Ivulāns, 16 leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė,
Apr 2023, Liezēre p., on aspen leaf litter in a 2006; leg. S.Laime, 24 Dec 2019, Cēsis, 1.5
wet depression in aspen forest near melting m high on a log of Pinus sylvestris in a boreal
snow, det. J.Kluša, 2023; leg. M.Šlapakova- forest, det. S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2020;
Pjankova, 29 Apr 2023, Žīguri p., on a twig (NMKK), very rare.
in litter in old boreal forest near melting ^ Licea pygmaea (Meyl.) Ing, sīkā kriksīte -
snow, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2023; leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė,
(NMKK), very rare. 2006.
Lamproderma violaceum Fr. ex Rostaf., sir- Licea variabilis Schrad., mainīgā kriksīte -
mā lampīte - leg. E.Vimba, 1985, det. leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg. J.Kluša, 03
G.Adamonytė, 2003 (as L. arcyrioides (So- Nov 2022, Slampe p., 1.5 m high on a log of
mmerf.) Rostaf., not nivicolous); leg. Pinus sylvestris without bark in a drained
M.Krūze, 07 Nov 2020, Sēme p., on litter at boreal forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2022;
the decaying stump in a forest, det. (NMKK), very rare.
E.Johannesen, 2020; (NMKK), very rare.
Lignydium muscorum (Alb. & Schwein.)
Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) Rostaf., trauslā Kuntze (syn. Fuligo muscorum Alb. &
lāsenīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; Schwein.), paciņu ragansviests - leg.
(NMKK), common. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986;
(NMKK), moderately common.
● Licaethalium olivaceum (Ehrenb.) Rostaf.
(syn. Reticularia olivacea (Ehrenb.) Fr.), Lindbladia tubulina Fr., parastā lindblādija
olīvsporu gļotpūpēdis - leg. S.Laime, 10 Oct - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg. I.Riževa, 20
2019, Cēsis, At 1.6 m high on snag of Pinus Aug 2019, Rīga, on bark of trunk of Pinus
sylvestris without bark in a bog woodland, sylvestris in a boreal forest, det. I.Riževa,
det. S.Laime; 2023; leg. V.Sīmansone, 19 conf. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), quite rare.
Nov 2021, Sēja p., on standing dead wood of
Pinus sylvestris without bark in a bog wo- ● Lycogala conicum Pers., koniskā vilkpie-
odland, det. V.Sīmansone, conf. J.Kluša, naine - leg. J.Kluša, 19 Jun 2020, Susāji p.,
2023; (JK), very rare (EN); 5 localities in on a log of Betula sp. in a dry birch forest,
Latvia, recommended for the list of specially det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), quite rare.
protected species in Latvia. Lycogala epidendrum (aggr.) (L.) Fr., kok-
snes vilkpienaine - leg.&det. W.Rotert,
^ Licea kleistobolus G.W. Martin, krā- 1890; (JK), very common. Given the fact that
terveida kriksīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, the genus Lycogala is currently being revised
det. G.Adamonytė, 2006. and several new species have been and will
Licea minima Fr., mazā kriksīte - leg. be described, it has been decided in this paper
G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, to treat L. epidendrum as a species complex.
2006; leg. J.Kluša, 07 Jun 2022, Jūrmala, on Lycogala exiguum (aggr.) Morgan, košā
a log of Pinus sylvestris in a drained boreal vilkpienaine - leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det.

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S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. A.Kalve, 11 Jun 2022, rum globuliferum (Bull.) Pers.), apaļgalvas
on a decaying log of Picea abies, det. pumpurīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg.
J.Kluša, 2023 (similar to Lycogala aggrega- A.Opmanis, 03 Aug 2020, Līgatne p., on a
tum Leontyev, Kochergina, Schnittler & C. decaying log of Picea abies in an old wood-
Rojas, but its identity has not been proven pile in a yard, det. E.Johannesen, 2020;
yet); (JK), quite rare. Knowing that (NMKK), very rare.
L.exiguum will be divided into several spe- B● Nannengaella laevis (Pers.) J.M. García-
cies, it is here treated as a species complex, Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Fuligo
assuming that it includes at least one species laevis Pers.), gluddzeltenais ragansviests -
additional to L.roseosporum (already separa- leg. V.Sīmansone, 19 Sep 2023, Zebrene p.,
ted, see below). on a bark of standing dead wood of Populus
● Lycogala flavofuscum (Ehrenb.) Rostaf., tremula in a mixed forest, det. V.Sīmansone
milzu vilkpienaine - leg. G.Geida, 03 Sep & J.Kluša, 2023; leg. A.Kalve, 04 Sep 2023,
2021, Skrīveri p., in the hollow of an old Til- Valka p., on a log of Populus tremula in a
ia cordata in the arboretum, det. J.Kluša, mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK),
2021; (NMKK), very rare. very rare.
● Lycogala roseosporum Leontyev, Schnit- Nannengaella leucopus (Link) J.M. García-
tler, Ishchenko & P. Vetlesen, sārtsporu Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Physarum
vilkpienaine - leg. J.Kluša, 01 Jul 2023, Jūr- leucopus Link), baltkāta pumpurīte - leg.
mala, on a log of Picea abies in a mixed S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986; leg.
forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. D.Leontyev, 2023; M.Krūze, 07 Sep 2020, Smārde p., on a log
leg. J.Kluša, 06 Jul 2023, Ugāle p., on a log of Betula sp. and on a cap fungus on it in a
by a stream in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, forest, det. M.Krūze, conf. J.Kluša, 2020;
2023; (NMKK), very rare (DD). (NMKK), very rare.
B● Nannengaella mellea (Berk. & Broome)
^ Macbrideola cornea (G. Lister & Cran) J.M. García-Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado
Alexop., ragainā skrajzarīte - leg. (syn. Physarum melleum (Berk. & Broome)
G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, Massee), meduskrāsas pumpurīte - leg.
2006. S.Laime, 07 Sep 2023, Cēsis, on leaf litter on
a mixed forest slope, det. S.Laime, conf.
Metatrichia floriformis (Schwein.) Nann.- J.Kluša, 2023; (SL), one locality.
Bremek., kazeņu daudzpilīte - leg. E.Vimba,
1985, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003; (NMKK), ● Oligonema affine (de Bary) García-Cunch.,
moderately common. J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Trichia affinis de
Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.- Bary), gludā bumbulīte - leg. I.Riževa, 27
Bremek. ex G.W. Martin & Alexop., šūnu Sep 2021, Skrīveri p., on a log of Populus
daudzpilīte - leg.&det. A.A.Jaczewski, 1907; tremula in a humid mixed forest, det.
(NMKK), common. I.Riževa & J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), one lo-
cality.
Nannengaella contexta (Pers.) J.M. García- Oligonema favogineum (Batsch) García-
Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Physarum Cunch., J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Trichia
contextum (Pers.) Pers.), zemesriekstu pum- favoginea (Batsch) Pers.), medainā bumbu-
purīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg. līte - leg.&det. K.R.Kupfer, 1931; (NMKK),
J.Kluša, 28 Jul 2019, Isnauda p., on mosses common.
on bark of Populus tremula in an aspen ● Oligonema flavidum (Peck) Peck, gaišdzel-
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very tenā bumbulīte - leg. A.Baroniņš, 06 Aug
rare. 2020, Jaunbērze p., on a decaying log of Po-
Nannengaella globulifera (Bull.) J.M. Gar- pulus tremula in a humid deciduous forest,
cía-Martín, J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Physa- det. J.Kluša, 2020; leg. I.Riževa, 26 Aug

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2020, Valgunde p., on a log of Populus tre- Physarum album (Bull.) Chevall., nokarenā
mula in a humid spruce forest, det. pumpurīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890;
I.Riževa & J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very (NMKK), common.
rare (CR); two localities in Latvia, recom- ^ Physarum altaicum Lavrov - leg.
mended for the list of specially protected S.Ruskule, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986. Do-
species in Latvia. ubtful. No sample to check. Since there is
Oligonema persimile (P. Karst.) García- extremely little information about this species
Cunch., J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. Trichia in the world and there is no possibility to
persimilis P. Karst.), nolīdzinātā bumbulīte check the correctness of the identification,
- leg. & det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), mo- with the permission of Ruskule, it should be
derately common. removed from list of myxomycetes in Latvia.
● Physarum auriscalpium Cooke, zeltītā
^ Ophiotheca chrysosperma Curr. (syn. Pe- pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 27 Aug 2020, Si-
richaena chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister), gulda p., on a deciduous twig in litter in a
zeltsporu čūskaine - leg. G.Adamonytė, ravine forest, det. J.Kluša, conf.
2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 2006. E.Johannesen, 2020; (NMKK), one locality.
^ Ophiotheca pedata (Lister & G.Lister) ● Physarum bitectum G. Lister (expected
García-Cunch., J.C. Zamora & Lado (syn. transfer to the genus Angioridium (García-
Perichaena pedata (Lister & G. Lister) Lister Martín et al 2023)), dubultā rāpulīte - leg.
ex E. Jahn), kājainā čūskaine - leg. J.Kluša, 07 Oct 2021, Jūrmala, on mosses,
G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, plants and litter in a black alder swamp
2006. forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very
rare.
^ Paradiacheopsis fimbriata (G. Lister & Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers., pelēcīgā
Cran) Hertel ex Nann.-Bremek., skropstainā pumpurīte - leg.&det. K.R.Kupfer, 1931;
rūķīte - leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. leg. E.Veinberga, 12 Aug 2021, Salaspils p.,
G.Adamonytė, 2006. on leaves of Taraxacum officinale and zu-
B● Paradiacheopsis rigida (Brândză) Nann.- cchini in a garden, det. J.Kluša, 2021;
Bremek., stingrā rūķīte - leg. J.Kluša, 17 (NMKK), very rare.
Nov 2021, Ugāle p., on a decaying log in a ^ Physarum citrinum Schumach., citrondzel-
drained boreal forest, det. E.Johannesen, tenā pumpurīte - leg. K.R.Kupfer, 1913, det.
2021; (JK), very rare. G.Adamonytė, 2003.
^ Paradiacheopsis solitaria (Nann.-Bremek.) Physarum compressum Alb. & Schwein.,
Nann.-Bremek., vientuļā rūķīte - leg. saplacinātā pumpurīte - leg. S.Ruskule,
G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, 1985, det. S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. J.Kluša, 15
2006. Oct 2013, Skrīveri p., on mosses on log in a
mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2013, one locality,
Perichaena corticalis (Batsch) Rostaf., kār- not examined with a microscope.
painā mizaine - leg. V.Tumšs, 1934, det. ● Physarum confertum T. Macbr., kaudzīšu
W.T. Elliot, 2005*, leg. I.Riževa, 13 Oct pumpurīte - leg. E.Oļehnoviča, 25 Jun 2020,
2019, Suntaži p., on a decorticated log in a Cirma p., on Trientalis europaea in a humid
forest, det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša, 2021; boreal forest, J.Kluša, 17 Aug 2020, Sigulda
(NMKK), quite rare. p., on mosses on a sandstone outcrop in a
● Perichaena depressa Lib., plakanā mizai- ravine forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK),
ne - leg. I.Riževa, 28 Mar 2021, Jaunsāti p., very rare.
on a log of Populus tremula in a small and B● Physarum conglomeratum (Fr.)
drained forest, det. I.Riževa & J.Kluša, 2021; Rostaf.(expected transfer to the genus Nan-
(NMKK), very rare. nengaella (García-Martín et al 2023)), kon-
glomerāta pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 10 Aug

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 Julita Kluša

2022, Jūrmala, on litter and mosses in a black (NMKK), very rare.

alder swamp forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022;

Figure 4. Physarum cf. notabile: A - sporocarps, B - stalk, C - spores. Photo: J. Kluša.

B● Physarum diderma Rostaf., olveida log of Populus tremula in a ravine forest, det.
pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 14 Sep 2021, Lī- J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK),
gatne p., on Leucodon sciuroides on a large very rare.

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 Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia

Physarum flavicomum Berk., zeltmatu pum- B● Physarum nucleatum Rex, kodolainā

purīte - leg. K.R.Kupfer, 1923, det. pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 29 Aug 2018, Zen-
G.Adamonytė, 2003; leg. S.Laime, 09 Oct tene p., on mosses and log in a mixed forest
2021, Cēsis, on a log of Pinus sylvestris in a with springs, det. E.Johannesen, 2021;
forest, det. S.Laime & J.Kluša, 2021; (JK), (NMKK), one locality.
very rare. B● Physarum ovisporum G. Lister, plais-
B● Physarum flavidum (Peck) Peck, gaiš- sporu pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 11 Sep
dzeltenā pumpurīte - leg. A.Opmanis, 11 2020, Sigulda p., on a log of Populus tremula
Aug 2023, Kolka p., on Vaccinium myrtillus in a ravine forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021;
in a boreal forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2023; (NMKK), quite rare.
(NMKK), one locality. ● Physarum penetrale Rex, čupačupa pum-
● Physarum leucophaeum Fr., pelēkbaltā purīte - leg. J.Kluša, 18 Aug 2022, Jūrmala,
pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 24 Oct 2019, Valle on a small deciduous twig in a mixed forest,
p., on a log of Alnus incana in a forest, det. det. J.Kluša, 2022; (JK), very rare.
E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), quite rare. B● Physarum pezizoideum (Jungh.) Pavill. &
B● Physarum licheniforme (Schwein.) Lado, Lagarde (syn. Trichamphora pezizoidea
ķērpjveida pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 16 Oct Jungh.), kausveida pumpurīte - leg.
2019, Aloja p., on a large log of Fraxinus I.Riževa, 21 Jun 2020, Ķeipene p., on old
excelsior with bark in a deciduous forest, det. fungi on a mossy deciduous log in the re-
E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), one locality. mains of a park, det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša,
B● Physarum cf. luteolum Peck, dzelten- 2020; (JK), one locality.
klaipu pumpurīte - leg. J.Kluša, 22 Sep Physarum psittacinum Ditmar, papagaiļu
2023, Taurupe p., on leaf and twig in a black pumpurīte - leg.&det. K.R.Kupfer, 1931;
alder swamp forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E. leg. S.Laime, 09 Jul 2020, Cēsis, on litter and
Johannesen, 2023; (NMKK), one locality. mosses in a forest, det. S.Laime, conf.
Ascribed as "cf." because the spores have J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), quite rare.
groups of darker warts, which is not typical ^ Physarum robustum (Lister) Nann.-
for Physarum luteolum. Bremek., raupjā pumpurīte - leg. E.Vimba,
● Physarum murinum Lister, pelītes pumpu- 1964, det. T.Sizova, 2003.
rīte - leg. V.Baroniņa, 01 Sep 2021, Sala p. ● Physarum rubiginosum Fr., apelsīnu pum-
(Mārupe distr.), on a decaying stump of Pinus purīte - leg. A.Baroniņš, 12 Oct 2020, Smār-
sylvestris in a drained boreal forest, det. de p., on Pleurozium schreberi in a boreal
J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2022; (NMKK), forest, det. J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen,
very rare. 2023; M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 2 Jul 2023,
● Physarum cf. notabile T. Macbr., daudz- Čornajas p., on Hylocomium splendens and a
veidīgā pumpurīte - leg. V.Sīmansone, 04 herbal leaf in a boreal forest, det. J.Kluša,
Oct 2020, Sēja p., on a log of Populus tremu- 2023; (NMKK), very rare.
la in aspen-spruce forest; leg. E.Oļehnoviča, B● Physarum straminipes Lister, īpašā
11 Oct 2020, Vaive p., on mosses in a forest pumpurīte - leg. V.Sīmansone, 05 Oct 2021,
by the river, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), Sēja p., on a log of Populus tremula in a
quite rare; 12 samples from different locali- humid mixed forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2021;
ties in Latvia (2020-2022, mostly October), (NMKK), very rare.
often several sporocarps grow closely to- Physarum virescens Ditmar, zaļganā pum-
gether, with fused stalks; stalks white, spores purīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK),
dark with white line; sporocarps look like Ph. moderately common.
leucopus, spores look like Ph. notabile (Fig. Physarum viride (Bull.) Pers., dzeltenzaļā
4). E.Johannesen (pers. comm.): "Should be pumpurīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; leg.
barcoded". J.Kluša, 07 Jun 2022, Jūrmala, on a log of
Pinus sylvestris without bark in a drained

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 Julita Kluša

boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), Cēsis, on a log of Pinus sylvestris in a forest,
quite rare. det. S.Laime, conf. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK),
● Physarum viride var. aurantium (Bull.) quite rare.
Lister, dzeltenoranžā pumpurīte - leg. ● Stemonitis flavogenita E. Jahn, virsgala
J.Kluša, 10 Aug 2022, Jūrmala, on a log of vālenīte (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg.
Quercus robur in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, R.Kaupuža, 15 Feb 2022, Vecumi p., on a
2022; (NMKK), very rare. standing dead Picea abies tree in old deci-
duous forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK),
Reticularia jurana Meyl., trauslais gļotpū- very rare.
pēdis - leg. K.R.Kupfer, 1923, det. Stemonitis fusca Roth, tumsnējā vālenīte
G.Adamonytė, 2003; leg. A.Arnicāns, 22 Jun (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg.&det. W.Rotert,
2020, Rīga, on a log without bark in a pine 1890; (NMKK), moderately common.
forest with some deciduous trees, det. ● Stemonitis fusca var. nigrescens (Rex) Tor-
J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare. rend, tumsnējsīkā vālenīte (šokolādes
● Reticularia liceoides (Lister) Nann.- gļotsēne) - leg. V.Sīmansone, 22 Aug 2023,
Bremek., bezzaru gļotpūpēdis - leg. Sēja p., on leaf litter in an aspen-spruce
V.Sīmansone, 27 Aug 2023, Straupe p., on a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), one locality.
large log of Pinus sylvestris on a boreal forest B● Stemonitis herbatica Peck, augu vālenīte
slope, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), one locality. (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg. A.Opmanis, 16
Reticularia lycoperdon Bull., parastais gļot- Jun 2020, Līgatne p., on Dicranum scopari-
pūpēdis - leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; um on a log of Picea abies in a ravine forest ,
(NMKK), common. det. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare.
B● Stemonitis lignicola Nann.-Bremek., kok-
Siphoptychium violaceum Leontyev, Schnit- snes vālenīte (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg.
tler & S. L. Stephenson, violetā šūnaine - S.Laime, 09 Aug 2020, Cēsis, on a log of
leg. G.Adamonytė, 2005, det. G.Adamonytė, Salix alba in a forest, det. S.Laime, conf.
2006 (as Tubifera dictyoderma Nann.- J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare.
Bremek. & Loer.); leg. S.Laime, 07 Sep B● Stemonitis cf. marjana Y. Yamam., Mar-
2019, Cēsis, on a log of Pinus sylvestris in a jas vālenīte (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg.
boreal forest, det. D.Leontyev, 2020; I.Ojere, 23 Jul 2023, Carnikava p., on a log of
(NMKK), common in good habitats on Pinus sylvestris in a pine forest, det.
decaying spruce, overall distribution uneven, E.Johannesen, 2023; leg. A.Baroniņš, 15 Aug
grows in similar biotopes as Cribraria purpu- 2020, Slampe p., on a log of Pinus sylvestris
rea, often both on the same log. in a forest, det. E.Johannesen, 2023;
(NMKK), very rare. Two localities and both
● Stemonaria irregularis (Rex) Nann.- specimens with slight deviations from the
Bremek., R. Sharma & Y. Yamam., izlocītā species description - in one case grows in
ērkulīte - leg. J.Kluša, 12 Aug 2019, Līdum- large tufts, in the other case sporocarps are
nieki p., on a decaying stump of Populus too large compared to the description.
tremula on a mixed forest slope, det. J.Kluša, However, considering that the original des-
2021; (NMKK), very rare. cription was based only on the type col-
lection, the mentioned deviations might not
Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) T. Macbr., pušķai- be considered as very significant.
nā vālenīte (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg.&det. ● Stemonitis pallida Wingate, bālā vālenīte
W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), common. (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg. M.Krūze, 09 Aug
Stemonitis axifera var. smithii (T. Macbr.) 2020, Smārde p., on a log in a boreal forest,
Hagelst., Smita vālenīte (šokolādes det. M.Krūze & J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK),
gļotsēne) - leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. very rare.
S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. S.Laime, 22 Jul 2020,

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● Stemonitis splendens Rostaf., spīgainā ● Stemonitopsis typhina (F.H. Wigg.) Nann.-

vālenīte (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg. Bremek. var. similis (G. Lister) Nann.-
M.Šlapakova-Pjankova, 06 Mar 2023, Rē- Bremek. & Y. Yamam., līdzīgā cilindrīte -
zekne, on an old deciduous trunk, det. leg. A.Piroga, 12 Jul 2023, Arona p., on the
J.Kluša, conf. E.Johannesen, 2023; (NMKK), soil, possibly on heavily decomposed wood
one locality. remains, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), very rare.
● Stemonitis virginiensis Rex, Virdžīnijas
vālenīte (šokolādes gļotsēne) - leg. I.Riževa, Symphytocarpus amaurochaetoides Nann.-
15 Aug 2021, Aizkraukle p., on a decaying Bremek., krēpjainā kūlīte - leg. K.R.Kupfer,
log without bark in a bog woodland, det. 1913, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003; leg.
I.Riževa & J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), one lo- L.Mihailova, 13 Aug 2022, Usma p., on a
cality. decorticated log in a boreal forest, det.
J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), quite rare.
● Stemonitopsis aequalis (Peck) Y. Yamam. Symphytocarpus flaccidus (Lister) Ing &
var. microspora Nann.-Bremek. & Y. Ya- Nann.-Bremek., saplacinātā kūlīte - leg.
mam., noliektās cilindrītes sīksporu varie- K.R.Kupfer, 1918, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003;
tāte - leg. J.Kluša, 28 Sep 2023, Skrīveri p., leg. I.Riževa, 11 Jun 2021, Stopiņi p., on a
on Rigidoporus crocatus on a decaying log in stump of Pinus sylvestris in a boreal forest,
a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (NMKK), det. I.Riževa, conf. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK),
one locality. moderately common.
● Stemonitopsis amoena (Nann.-Bremek.) ● Symphytocarpus impexus Ing & Nann.-
Nann.-Bremek., graciozā cilindrīte - leg. Bremek., pinkainā kūlīte - leg. J.Kluša, 27
E.Oļehnoviča, 17 Jun 2020, Lendži p., on a Aug 2023, Straupe p., on mossy log in a bo-
log of Pinus sylvestris in a forest, det. real forest, det. J.Kluša, 2023; (JK), one lo-
J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very rare. cality.
● Stemonitopsis gracilis (G. Lister) Nann.- ● Symphytocarpus trechisporus (Berk. ex
Bremek., sīkslaidā cilindrīte - leg. S.Laime, Torrend) Nann.-Bremek., sfagnu kūlīte - leg.
22 Jul 2020, Cēsis, on a log of Pinus sylves- I.Riževa, 18 Jul 2021, Rīga, on Sphagnum sp.
tris on a mixed forest slope, det. S.Laime, in a swampy ditch in a forest, det. I.Riževa,
conf. J.Kluša, 2020; (NMKK), very rare. conf. E.Johannesen, 2021; leg. J.Kluša, 31 Jul
Stemonitopsis hyperopta (Meyl.) Nann.- 2022, Usma p., on Sphagnum sp. and
Bremek., neievērotā cilindrīte - leg. Polytrichum sp. in the edge of bog woodland
K.R.Kupfer, 1913, det. G.Adamonytė, 2003; road, det. E.Johannesen 2022; leg.
(NMKK), moderately common. K.Bondare, 25 Aug 2023, Salaspils p., on
● Stemonitopsis hyperopta var. landewaldii, Sphagnum sp. at the edge of a swamp; leg.
Landevalda cilindrīte - leg. A.Opmanis, 30 I.Zepa, 29 Aug 2023, Vaidava p., on Sphag-
Jul 2021, Līgatne p., on a board of Pinus num sp. and litter in a bog woodland near
sylvestris from an old bench, det. J.Kluša, transitional mire, det. J.Kluša, 2023;
conf. E.Johannesen, 2023; (NMKK), very (NMKK), very rare (CR). Four localities in
rare. Latvia. Recommended for the list of specially
B● Stemonitopsis subcaespitosa (Peck) protected species in Latvia.
Nann.- Bremek., ciņkāta cilindrīte - leg.
E.Oļehnoviča, 14 Aug 2020, Drabeši p., on a ● Trichia ambigua Schirmer, L.G. Krieglst.
log of Picea abies on a boreal forest slope, & Flatau, šaubīgā pilienīte - leg. L.Birziņa,
det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK), one locality. 23 Mar 2021, Garkalne p., under bark of a
Stemonitopsis typhina (F.H. Wigg.) Nann.- decaying log of Betula sp. at the edge of the
Bremek., sudrabainā cilindrīte - leg.&det. raised bog, det. L.Birziņa & J.Kluša, conf.
W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), moderately com- E.Johannesen, 2021; leg. J.Kluša, 07 Apr
mon. 2021, Sējas p., on a deciduous log on a forest

147
 Julita Kluša

slope by a stream, det J.Kluša, conf. large log of Quercus robur in an oak forest,
E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), very rare. det. J.Kluša, 2022; leg. D.Eihe, 03 Aug 2023,
Trichia botrytis (J.F. Gmel.) Pers., plaisājošā Carnikava p., on a decorticated log of Pinus
pilienīte - leg.&det. K.R.Kupfer, 1931; sylvestris in a yard with mixed trees, det.
(NMKK), moderately common. D.Leontyev, 2023; (NMKK), very rare.
● Trichia botrytis var. cerifera G. Lister, Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) J.F. Gmel.,
dzeltenzaļā pilienīte - leg. J.Kluša, 12 Nov parastā aveņgļotsēne - leg.&det. W.Rotert,
2021, Jūrmala, on a decaying, decorticated 1890; (NMKK), common.
deciduous log in a humid forest, det. J.Kluša, ● Tubifera ferruginosa subsp. acutissima
conf. E.Johannesen, 2021; (NMKK), one Leontyev, Schnittler & S.L. Stephenson,
locality. smailā aveņgļotsēne - leg. J.Kluša, 24 Sep
Trichia contorta (Ditmar) Rostaf., greizā 2022, Usma p., on a coniferous stump in a
pilienīte - leg. S.Ruskule, 1985, det. boreal forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022; (NMKK),
S.Ruskule, 1986; leg. I.Riževa, 21 Nov 2021, very rare (DD).
Stopiņi p., on a log in a forest, det. I.Riževa, B● Tubifera magna Leontyev, Schnittler,
conf. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), quite rare. S.L. Stephenson & T. Kryvomaz, platā
● Trichia contorta var. iowensis (T. Macbr.) aveņgļotsēne - leg. J.Kluša, 15 Jul 2020,
Torrend, spuraingreizā pilienīte - leg. Kazdanga p., on a large log of Quercus robur
V.Sīmansone, 14 Nov 2021, Sēja p., on bark in a deciduous forest park, det. J.Kluša, conf.
of a log of Populus tremula in an aspen D.Leontyev, 2022; (JK), one locality.
forest, det. J.Kluša, 2021; (NMKK), very B● Tubifera montana Leontyev, Schnittler &
rare. S.L. Stephenson, oranžā aveņgļotsēne - leg.
● Trichia crateriformis G.W. Martin (expec- J.Kluša, 08 Sep 2021, Sigulda, on mosses on
ted transfer to the genus Hemitrichia due to a log in a mixed forest, det. J.Kluša, 2022;
its similarity to Hemitrichia decipiens of (NMKK), moderately common.
which it was previously a variety), krā-
terformas pilienīte - leg. E.Oļehnoviča, 14
May 2020, Renda p., on a log of Populus
CONCLUSIONS
tremula in a forest, det. J.Kluša, 2020;
(NMKK), common.
In recent years there have been major chang-
Trichia scabra Rostaf., nelīdzenā pilienīte -
es in myxomycete taxonomy, which affect
leg.&det. W.Rotert, 1890; (NMKK), modera-
both the nomenclature and the number of
tely common.
described species. In particular, in the revi-
Trichia varia (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Pers.,
sion of the genus Lycogala, which started
daudzveidīgā pilienīte - leg.&det. W.Rotert,
several years ago and is still ongoing (Le-
1890; (NMKK), common.
ontyev et al. 2023), several new species have
been described., but this work has not yet
B● Tubifera applanata (Leontyev & Fefe-
been completed, because dozens of more new
lov) Leontyev & Fefelov, plakanā
species are likely to be described. A revision
aveņgļotsēne - leg. I.Riževa, 26 Jul 2022,
of the genus Arcyria s. lat. is also known to
Rīga, on a stump in a forest, det. D.Leontyev,
be in progress (Yatsiuk et al. 2023), which is
2023; (NMKK), one locality.
expected to result in the description of several
B● Tubifera dudkae (Leontyev & G.Moreno)
more species of this and related genera in the
Leontyev, G. Moreno & Schnittler, Dudkas
family Arcyriaceae. These are certainly not
aveņgļotsēne - leg. J.Kluša, 19 Jun 2021,
the only groups of species in which changes
Sigulda, on a large log of Quercus robur, a
are expected (for example, work on Cribraria
forest of mixed trees on one side, a large river
is known to be ongoing in Geneva), which
Gauja on the other, det. D.Leontyev, 2021;
will also affect the list of myxomycetes in
leg. J.Kluša, 13 Aug 2022, Usma p., on a
Latvia.

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 Complete checklist of myxomycetes in Latvia

A significant number of specimens, several Many thanks to my support team in my re-

hundred, or even several thousand, are col- search of myxomycetes—Sandis Laime,
lected by various researchers (mostly be- Inguna Riževa, Evita Oļehnoviča and espe-
tween 2020 and 2023), kept in their private cially Vija Sīmansone for her support and
herbaria and have not yet been studied under help in research and data collection. Special
the microscope. These may represent species thanks to Sandis Laime for his valuable sug-
yet unrecorded in Latvia. The greatest oppor- gestions and corrections at the beginning of
tunities to discover new species are among the work. Thanks also to Valda and Andris
the small-sized species of myxomycetes. Baroniņi, Marita Krūze, Laima Birziņa and
Marina Šlapakova-Pjankova for their in-
Although there is currently no professional volvement in the identification and study of
scientist working with slime molds in Latvia, myxomycetes.
citizen science is actively developing. More
and more people are becoming interested in Thanks to everyone who reported observa-
myxomycetes. The Facebook group for Lat- tions of myxomycetes in the dabasdati.lv
via "Gļotsēņu apbrīnotājiem un pētniekiem" portal, which allowed us to accumulate so
("For slime mold admirers and researchers") many observations and enabled us to better
already has more than 800 members. Photos understand their occurrence.
and descriptions of Latvian myxomycetes are
available at the website myx.dziedava.lv I am very grateful to all the people (47 in
(Kluša 2010-2023), which helps the Latvian total during four years) interested in myxo-
audience to identify species. More enthusiasts mycetes of Latvia, who did not only look for
start to work with microscopes, which could and collect myxomycetes, but also followed
also advance the study of myxomycetes. the development of their findings, and handed
them over to me personally or sent them to
It seems obvious that the number of known me, so that I could study and identify them,
myxomycetes species in Latvia will continue occasionally resulting in the discovery of new
to grow. taxa for Latvia.

Thanks to the Latvian National Museum of

Natural History for the support in preparing
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
myxomycete specimens for the herbarium,
with special thanks to Inita Dāniele.
First of all, many thanks to Edvin Johannesen
for the help in identifying myxomycetes and Also, many thanks to Ansis Opmanis for
for his many tips which greatly helped to support and for providing material of myxo-
improve our knowledge and skills to identify mycetes, as well as teaching the general ba-
so many new taxa. I am also very grateful for sics of biology and systematics. Thanks to
his critical reading of the final draft of the Ruslans Matrozis for the opportunity to read
manuscript. S. Ruskule's diploma thesis.
Thanks also to the other members of the Fa- Thanks to the late Māris Zeltiņš for repairing
cebook group "Slime Mold Identification & my microscope so that I could work with it
Appreciation" for discussions on the identifi- much better.
cation of myxomycetes, and special thanks to
Dmytro Leontyev for identifying observa- I am grateful to my son Dzintars Klušs for
tions within the group of species he is study- helping me with technical problems in col-
ing. lecting data of myxomycetes.

149
 Julita Kluša

Finally, sincere thanks to three anonymous García-Martín J.M., Zamora J.C., Lado C.
reviewers for their valuable comments, cor- 2023. Multigene phylogeny of the order
rections and suggestions which have signifi- Physarales (Myxomycetes, Amoebo-
cantly improved the manuscript. zoa): shedding light on the dark-spored
clade. Persoonia 51: 89–124.
https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.
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