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Jungermanniales

Radula complanata/lindenbergiana/voluta
Even/Lindenberg’s/Pale Scalewort
Key 42

R. complanata

1 cm R. complanata 4 mm R. lindenbergiana

R. lindenbergiana

2 mm R. complanata 4 mm R. voluta
R. voluta

Identification Radula species have rounded, overlapping, bilobed leaves, with the smaller lobule
folded underneath. These three species have shoots up to about 3 mm wide, and
leaves up to about 1.5 mm long and wide. Plants are usually flattened, either forming
patches or scattered stems creeping among mosses. R. complanata is pale yellowish-
green, and up to 3 cm long. Rounded, sack-like male bracts can be seen with a hand
lens on the same shoots as the long, flat perianths. Leaf margins often (but not
always) have gemmae. R. complanata is by far the most common and widespread
Radula species. R. complanata is monoicous, whereas R. lindenbergiana is dioicous;
non-fertile plants of these two species cannot be identified to species. However,
pale, fertile plants with gemmae, but without sack-shaped male bracts below the
perianths are usually R. lindenbergiana. R. voluta is also pale, but has a larger lobule
which crosses the stem, and no gemmae.

Similar species R. aquilegia, R. carringtonii and R. holtii (p. 203) are usually brownish-green or grey-
green, and are smaller (shoots 1–2.5 mm wide, and leaves less than 1.5 mm long and
wide), and hardly ever have gemmae. R. holtii is sometimes pale green, but always
much smaller (shoots up to 1.8 mm wide). Radula species differ from Scapania and
Diplophyllum species (pp. 166–167) in having the smaller lobule underneath and
differ from Porella (pp. 206–210), Lejeunea (pp. 221–223) and Frullania species
(pp. 211–215) in having no underleaves.

Habitat R. complanata normally occurs on trees and shrubs anywhere except the highest
mountains. It avoids deep shade, but likes sheltered, moist conditions. It also occurs
on rocks by streams, lake margins and sea cliffs, when it is darker and usually non-
fertile. R. lindenbergiana is more common in upland areas, usually on rocks. R. voluta
grows on shaded, damp rocks, especially near waterfalls.

202 Photos Gordon Rothero (top left), David Holyoak (bottom left) & John Birks (right) Text John O’Reilly

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