Cyanophyta

Cyanophyta
CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)
NAME: Anabaena
lemmermannii P.Richter in Lemmermann 1903
TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

Class NOSTOCOPHYCEAE (CYANOPHYCEAE)
Order NOSTOCALES
HARMFUL: potentially toxic species
OCCURRENCE: summer
LIFE FORM: filaments with characteristic,
intercalar arrangement:
spherical heterocyst oval akinet spherical heterocyst
CELL SIZE: diameter 3,8-5,2 m;
heterocyst 26 x 9 m; akinet diameter 7,6 m
ENVIRONMENT: T=19.520C
SAMPLING DATE: July / August 2008
PRESERVATION: life sample
MICROSCOPY: light microscopy
Cyanophyta
NAME: Anabaena
sp. Bory 1823 ex Bornet et Flahault 1888

Order NOSTOCALES
OCCURRENCE: summer
LIFE FORM: filaments
CELL SIZE: diameter 4-5 m
ENVIRONMENT: T=17,819C; S=7 PSU; N-NH4=2228 mg*m-3;

N-NO3=4060 mg*m-3; P-PO4=2526 mg*m-3; Si-SiO4=275283 mg*m-3
MICROSCOPY: epifluorescence microscopy (WB) - blue

excitation light obtained with a combination of BP490 and
EY455 excitation filters, DM500 dichroic mirror and Y455
and B460 barrier filters; this combination elicited a
brilliantly red fluorescence of chlorophyll-a.
Cyanophyta
NAME: Anabaena
sp. Bory 1823 ex Bornet et Flahault 1888

Order NOSTOCALES
OCCURRENCE: summer
Cyanophyta
NAME:Aphanizomenon
flos-aquae
Cyanophyta
(Linnaeus) Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886

Order NOSTOCALES
OCCURRENCE: spring seldom, summer
and late summer - numerous
LIFE FORM: filaments, sometimes joined into
long floccules (fascicles, bunches)
CELL SIZE: diameter 3.2-6 m
ENVIRONMENT: T =4.56.7C (open sea) and 1115C (gulf);

S =7 PSU (open sea) and 6 PSU (gulf); P-PO4=0.330.38 mol*dm-3;
N-NO3 =0.110.15 (0.3) mol*dm-3; Si-SiO4 =1315 mol*dm-3
SAMPLING DATE: April 2008
Cyanophyta
NAME:Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA
(CYANOBACTERIA)
Class NOSTOCOPHYCEAE
(CYANOPHYCEAE)
Order NOSTOCALES
OCCURRENCE: spring seldom, summer and late
summer - numerous
LIFE FORM: filaments, sometimes joined into long floccules
(fascicles, bunches)
Cyanophyta
NAME:Aphanizomenon
cf. flos-aquae

Order NOSTOCALES
OCCURRENCE: spring seldom, summer and late summer - numerous
LIFE FORM: filaments, sometimes joined into long floccules (fascicles, bunches)
CELL SIZE: diameter 3.2-6 m
ENVIRONMENT: T=1314C; S=67 PSU
SAMPLING DATE: June 2005
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Aphanothece
parallelliformis
Cronberg 2003

Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
OCCURRENCE: summer, late summer
LIFE FORM: in colonies
CELL SIZE: 2,5-4x1 m
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Aphanothecoidae
Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
LIFE FORM: in colonies with cells arranged through the whole colony
CELL SIZE: 1x2 m
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Cyanodictyon
planctonicum
B. Meyer, 1994

Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
LIFE FORM: in colonies looking like a net
CELL SIZE: 0,8-1x1,5 m
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Gomphosphaerioidea
TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA
(CYANOBACTERIA)
(CYANOPHYCEAE)
Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
LIFE FORM: in colonies
CELL SIZE: 1,8-2,6 m
ENVIRONMENT: T=17,819C; S=7 PSU;
N-NH4=2228 mg*m-3; N-NO3=4060 mg*m-3;
PO4=2526 mg*m-3; Si-SiO4=275283 mg*m-3
MICROSCOPY: light microscopy (LM); epifluorescence
microscopy (WB) blue excitation light obtained with
a combination of BP490 and EY455 excitation filters, DM500
dichroic mirror and Y455 and B460 barrier filters; this
combination elicited a brilliantly red fluorescence of
chlorophyll-a; (WU) blue excitation light obtained with
a combination of BP330-385 excitation filter, DM400 dichroic
mirror and BA420 barrier filter; this combination with Calco
Fluor White M2R fluorescent brighter elicited a blue
fluorescence of a background and a gelatinous envelope,
and a pinky-red fluorescence of chlorophyll-a.
LM
WB
WU
Cyanophyta
NAME: Lemmermanniella
sp. Geitler, 1942

Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
LIFE FORM: colonies in form of mucilaginous
spheres, simple or compound, with several
spherical subcolonies (daughter colonies); with
cells beneath the surface
CELL SIZE: 1,5x1,6 m
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Limnothrix
cf. redekei (Goor) M.E.Meffert, 1987

Order OSCILLATORIALES
CELL SIZE: diameter 2,6 m
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Merismopedia
tenuissima
Lemmermann 1898

(CYANOPHYCEAE)
Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
OCCURRENCE: summer
LIFE FORM: colonies flat, tabular,
rectangular, sometimes wavy or forming
an aggregation of subcolonies
(up to >100 cells)
CELL SIZE: 0,4-2,5 m
ENVIRONMENT: T=17,218,4C;
S=7,27,5 PSU
SAMPLING DATE: August 2007
MICROSCOPY: light microscopy (LM);
epifluorescence microscopy (WB) - blue
excitation light obtained with a combination
of BP490 and EY455 excitation filters,
DM500 dichroic mirror and Y455 and B460
barrier filters; this combination elicited a
brilliantly red fluorescence of chlorophyll-a.
Cyanophyta
NAME: Nodularia
spumigena
Mertens ex Bornet et Flahault, 1886

Order NOSTOCALES
CELL SIZE: diameter 8 m

PRESERVATION: formalin

PRESERVATION: Lugol
NAME: Nodularia
spumigena
Cyanophyta
Mertens ex Bornet et Flahault, 1886

Order NOSTOCALES
LIFE FORM: filaments (sometimes with epiphytic ciliate Vorticella sp.)
CELL SIZE: diameter 8 m
Cyanophyta
NAME: Woronichinia
elorantae
J. Komrek & J. Komrkov-Legnerov, 1992

Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
OCCURRENCE: summer, late summer, autumn common to numerous
LIFE FORM: in colonies, cells oval or widely obovate with homogeneous content
CELL SIZE: 1,3-1,8 x 2-2,5 m
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
NAME: Snowella
sp. (cf. septentrionalis)
J. Komrek & F. Hindk 1988

Order CHROOCOCCALES
HARMFUL:
OCCURRENCE: spring, summer, late summer, autumn common to numerous
LIFE FORM: in colonies, cells spherical with 1-2 distinct aerotopes
CELL SIZE: 2-2,5 m
ENVIRONMENT: T =4.56.7C (open sea)
and 1115C (gulf); S =7 PSU (open sea)
and 6 PSU (gulf); P-PO4 = 0.330.38 mol*dm-3;
N-NO3 =0.110.15 (0.3) mol*dm-3;
Si-SiO4 = 1315 mol*dm-3
SAMPLING DATE: April 2008
PRESERVATION: Lugol
Cyanophyta
Summer bloom of Cyanophyta

Anabaena lemmermannii, Anabaena spp., Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Nodularia spumigena form
extensive blooms in brackish waters of the Baltic Sea (including Gulf of Gdask), usually near the end of July and beginning of August, when the weather
is calm and hot. All those organisms are potential toxic but toxin production depends on environmental factors. For example : Nodularia spumigena
produces its nodularin when there is an adequate quantity of nitrogen and deficit of phosphorus in sea water. Toxic Cyanophyta produce: neurotoxins,
saxitoxins, hepatotoxins and cytotoxins.
Order NOSTOCALES
HARMFUL: potentially toxic
species
OCCURRENCE: summer
ENVIRONMENT: T=19.520C;
S=6,46,5 PSU; N-NH4=1113
mg*m-3; N-NO3=6978 mg*m-3;
P-PO4=27 mg*m-3;
Si-SiO4=350 mg*m-3
SAMPLING DATE: July / August
2008
Cyanophyta

Cyanophyta

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Cyanophyta

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Cyanophyta

lemmermannii P.Richter in Lemmermann 1903

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

sp. Bory 1823 ex Bornet et Flahault 1888

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

MICROSCOPY: light microscopy

ENVIRONMENT: T=17,819C; S=7 PSU; N-NH4=2228 mg*m-3;

MICROSCOPY: epifluorescence microscopy (WB) - blue

sp. Bory 1823 ex Bornet et Flahault 1888

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

CELL SIZE: diameter 6-8 m

CELL SIZE: diameter 4-6 m

CELL SIZE: diameter 5-6 m

CELL SIZE: diameter 5-6 m

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

ENVIRONMENT: T =4.56.7C (open sea) and 1115C (gulf);

(Linnaeus) Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

sp. Geitler, 1942

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

cf. redekei (Goor) M.E.Meffert, 1987

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

Mertens ex Bornet et Flahault, 1886

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

SAMPLING DATE: June 2005

SAMPLING DATE: June 2005

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

J. Komrek & J. Komrkov-Legnerov, 1992

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

sp. (cf. septentrionalis)

J. Komrek & F. Hindk 1988

TAXONOMY: Division CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA)

Summer bloom of Cyanophyta

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