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By the end of the 19th century, Lactuca tatarica was reported for the first time from an adventive occurrence on the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. In Wolin Island, the species has become established in the natural habitat and is clearly spreading in recent years. The community with L. tatarica was studied currently on the western point of Wolin...
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... island where they were nesting (Preuss 1909; Kovanda 1958; Hordowski 2014). Occur- rences of L. tatarica on the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts could be also associated with maritime transport (ballast) (König 2005, and the literature cited there). Leick (1926) reported that, in 1921, the geographical range of this taxon included the south-eastern coast of Rügen (Rugia) Island and the coast of the Greifswalder Bodden. Hegi (1929) determined the eastern limit of L. tatarica range of occurrence to be the mouth of Peene (Piana) River. Its occurrence on the coasts of Usedom (Uznam) Island was confirmed by Holzfuss (1937). According to Jäger & Werner (2005), the Baltic range of this taxon in Mecklenburg is limited to the coasts of the Greifswalder Bodden and Usedom (Uznam), Rügen (Rugia) and Hiddensee Islands. The problem of L. ta- tarica spreading dynamics in the area of Baltic coasts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and in the north-eastern Germany was studied by numerous authors (Fuka- rek 1969, 1989; Krisch 1990; Burke & Grime 1996; Grosholz 2002; Litterski & Berg 2000; Kowarik 2003; König 2005; Berg & Barth 2008). Detailed information on this species was collected in a floristic database and herbarium collection of the University of Greifswald (AG Geobotanik MV. 2005). Kovanda (1958) and Urbański (1958) gave the first information referring to the occurrence of L. tatarica on the Polish coast from Międzyzdroje and the western part of Świnoujście. The latter author did not report the occurrence of this taxon on Wolin Island despite his explorations, both along the Szczecin Lagoon (Stettiner Haff) and along the sea section stretching from Przytor to Międzywodzie. Piotrowska (1966) found the species under discussion at two locations in Świnoujście, one at the state border and another at a breakwater. Misiewicz (1976) confirmed the first one and found another one on the right bank of the Świna (Swine) River in the area around a harbour construction site (current ferry terminal). This study aimed at documenting a plant community with L. tatarica at a location in Świnoujście-Warszów on Wolin Island and presenting a temporary map of its distri- bution in the western part of the Polish Baltic coast. The occurrence of L. tatarica on the coast of the east part of the Świna (Swine) River was observed in 2011 and then in 2012-2014 during the monitoring surveys of natural habitats conducted by the first author (WK) in connection with the construction of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)��������������������������������������� terminal. On 28/07/2014, five phytoso- ciological relevés were made by the Braun-Blanquet method. Chemical analyses of basic parameters of sandy soil, i.e. salinity and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were measured in Regional Agrochemical Sta- tion in Szczecin using standard methods. The herbarium material was deposited at the Herbarium Stetinensis of the University of Szczecin. The map of L. tatarica distribution on the Western Pomeranian seashore was made, based on a database of the Western Pomeranian Atlas of Distribution of Vascular Plants and Fungi (ZARRiG), using the cartogram method, with a basic unit of 2.5 x 2.5 km (Popiela et al. 2013a, 2013b, see also: 3.1. Distribution of Lactuca tatarica in the western part of Polish Baltic coast L. tatarica is found in the Polish part of Usedom (Uznam) Island and on Wolin Island (Fig. 1). Its loca- tions are concentrated along the Baltic coast on white dunes. So far, its occurrences in the central part of the Wolin Island seashore (i.e. between Międzyzdroje and Wisełka – with a cliffy coastline) have not been re- ported. In 2011-2014, blue lettuce was reported from a few locations in Świnoujście-Warszów, near the LNG terminal construction site. It was not found to the east of external harbour breakwater along the section of about 1.5 km. Furthermore, this taxon has been recorded in recent years from some locations in Świnoujście (Usedom (Uznam) Island), Międzyzdroje, Wisełka and Międzywodzie. In the ATPOL database, there is also a floristic datum from Mrzeżyno given by E. Ćwikliński in 1973. Because this datum has not been published and a herbarium specimen is not available, this location is marked on the map as a presumptive one. 3.2. Association Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei with Lactuca tatarica at a Świnoujście-Warszów location The community was found on the western point of Wolin Island along the stretch between the mouth of the Świna (Swine) River and a newly constructed breakwa- ter of the external harbour (Fig. 2). Single specimens of L. tatarica were observed for the first time in this area in 2011, whereas in 2014 five large patches were local- ised over a distance of 250 m. They were all located in the formation zone of the initial stages of coastal sand dunes, outside the area of winter storm surge impact. Patches with L. tatarica occupy relatively low parts of the sandy elevations of dune ridges, formed by the aeolian processes (Fig. 3). They are loose, fine-grained sands initially deposited by sea waves on the sea shore and moved to the upper parts of the beach by wind. Their specific feature is their salinity reaching the value in the range of 0.08-0.14 g∙dcm 3 , with total nitrogen content of 0.3-0.9 mg∙dcm 3 , and phosphorus and potassium concentrations of 11.0 mg∙dcm 3 and 7.0-14.0 mg∙dcm 3 . The plant association favouring the spread and mi- gration of L. tatarica includes different developmental forms of the Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei R.Tx. 1955 of the Ammophiletea Br.-Bl. et R.Tx. 1943 class (Fig. 4). Characteristic species are: Honckeya peploides and Elymus farctus subsp . boreoatlanticus, a rare species in the Polish flora found on the Wolin Island only (Wró- bel & Banaś-Stankiewicz 2015, Wróbel & Kowalski 2015). Our Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei relevés show a vascular plant species number of 7 ± 1.22 with plot size of 24 m2 ± 2.34 m2. The cover values fluctuate at about 45 % ± 11.7% (mean data from Table 1 with given standard deviation, n=5). The participation of L. tatarica in the studied patches is 10 to 50% with,10 to 20 specimens on 1 m 2 area. In most patches, young plants in early developmental stages predominate. The salinity level of beach sands is generally very variable, which results from high movement dynamics of Na + ions. The sodium salts are delivered and accumulated by sea water flooding the beach or come out with the wind-blown sand, or are washed away by precipitation. The content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be regarded as trace amounts. Lactuca tatarica in Wolin Island is a species natural- ised in the natural habitat and clearly spreading in recent years. Patches of the Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei association, where this species is found, are rather poor in terms of flora. The salinity of habitats studied as well as values of other basic chemical parameters are char- acteristic for fine-grained beach and dune sands. L. ta- tarica is found in adventive occurrences on the southern Baltic seashore also in the north-eastern Germany and Lithuania and Latvia (Ploompuu 1997; Litterski & Berg 2000; Laime 2013). In Germany, around Greifswald and on Rügen (Rugia) Island, L. tatarica is commonly found both on initial dunes and in dense communities of the Ammophiletea and Koelerio-Corynophoretea classes on white and grey dunes, as well as in coastal halophilous communities of the Cakiletea maritimae class (Litterski & Berg 2000; Berg et al. 2001; König 2005), as well as the authors’ own observations on Rügen (Rugia) Island in 2014). In Latvia and Lithuania, L. tatarica was reported on single beaches and gravel lagoon shores in the initial associations of the Ammo - philetea and Cakiletea maritimae classes and on coastal halophilous meadows (Ploompuu 1997; Rove 2013). It follows from the above that habitats where L. tatarica is found in Świnoujście are typical for this species in terms of its adventive, coast range in Central Europe and it is possible that it increases its populations. It is also possible that, in the future, the species will enter communities other than those of the Ammophiletea class (e.g. on grey dunes). In Poland, L. tatarica has a status of a taxon established at synanthropic locations (Tokarska-Guzik et al . 2012). Among countries in the Baltic Sea basin, it is treated as an “established” spe- cies in Germany and Latvia, whereas as an “invasive” or “potentially invasive” one in Estonia, Lithuania and Sweden (according to DAISIE and NOBANIS). Open habitats, poor plant density and, consequently, lack of competitive species facilitate the entry of L. tatarica into natural communities and its vegetative spreading via stolon runners (Ploompuu 1997; Rove 2013). In north- eastern Germany, in the immediate vicinity to the Polish border, this species increases the number of its locations along the seashore; however, no evidence of threat to the native dune vegetation was found (Litterski & Berg 2000; Berg & Barth 2008). In view of the foregoing, the status of known coastal populations in Poland should be monitored, especially since L. tatarica was found in the initial stages of dune formation (habitat 2110) under legal protection (see also Popiela et al. ...
Citations
... It is found also in neighbouring countries: in Estonia it was first observed in 1931 near Haapsalu, and in Lithuania in 1975 in Klaipeda (both are port cities) (Kuusk et al., 2003). L. tatarica has been documented in other countries of the Baltic Sea region, including Germany (Berg and Barth, 2008), Poland (Kowalski et al., 2015), Sweden (Tyler et al., 2015), Finland (Nummi, 2001), and Russia (Luneva and Fedorova, 2020). In Northwestern and Central Europe, it has been identified as an adventive species (Kowalski et al., 2015). ...
... L. tatarica has been documented in other countries of the Baltic Sea region, including Germany (Berg and Barth, 2008), Poland (Kowalski et al., 2015), Sweden (Tyler et al., 2015), Finland (Nummi, 2001), and Russia (Luneva and Fedorova, 2020). In Northwestern and Central Europe, it has been identified as an adventive species (Kowalski et al., 2015). ...
... The original distribution area of L. tatarica includes semiarid regions with elements of steppe and littoral plant communities (Dubyna et al., 1995;Lebeda et al., 2004;Kowalski et al., 2015); it is increasingly found as a weed in Asia and in Europe. It grows in habitats that have sandy or clayey substrate (usually saline and unfertile) and dry or moderately damp soil (along irrigation channels and stream banks), in areas with high summer insolation and low winter temperatures (Lebeda et al., 2004;Bano and Qaiser, 2011). ...
There is an increasing need for species occurrence data at a regional level for the global assessment of invasiveness of neophytes. Therefore, the distribution and habitats of Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. in Latvia (Baltic Sea region) was studied. L. tatarica was observed for the first time in Latvia in 1920. During the next 60 years, it was mainly found in synanthropic habitats. Since the 1980s, the species has spread along the Gulf of Riga (the Baltic Sea) coast. In 2019, recent data on the distribution of L. tatarica were obtained in a large-scale habitat mapping project. Lactuca tatarica was observed in 147 polygons (total area of 230 ha) representing nine habitat types of EU importance. The largest proportion of L. tatarica localities was recorded in beach habitats, and the highest abundance and total area in white and grey dunes. Lactuca tatarica was observed in the following associations: Cakiletum maritimae, Honckenyetum peploidis, Elymo-Ammophiletum arenariae, and Festucetum polesicae. In most localities, L. tatarica genets are scattered or in small groups covering small areas. In some coastal sections (southern part of the Gulf), L. tatarica forms dense stands that tend to spread. Lactuca tatarica in Latvia is considered as a neophyte successfully naturalised mainly in coastal dune habitats, and in some locations it corresponds to the criteria of invasive species with a high risk to endanger natural habitats.
... Латук татарский -восточноевропейско-азиатский лесостепной и степной вид. Общее распространение этого вида в 20-м веке охватывает территорию отдельных стран Европы, Кавказ, Азию, Японию, часть Северной Америки, благодаря чему латук татарский приобретает статус инвазивного вида (Stebbins, 1939;Savulescu, 1952;Красноборов и др., 1997;Lebeda et al, 2004;Berg, Barth, 2008;Andersson, 2013;Kowalski et al., 2015;CABI, 2020). ...
По материалам многочисленных научных публикаций, находящихся в открытом доступе, были усовершенствованы карты распространения трех видов сорных растений – латука компасного Lactuca serriola, латука сибирского Lactuca sibirica и латука татарского Lactuca tatarica (сем. Сложноцветные Compositae) на территории России. За основу были взяты карты из интерактивного ресурса «Агроэкологический атлас России и сопредельных стран: экономически значимые растения, их болезни, вредители и сорные растения», созданные двенадцать лет назад. Новые данные о распространении этих видов, а также появившиеся в последнее время в открытом доступе на вэб-ресурсах публикации прошлых лет, позволили выполнить ревизию сведений о зонах распространения этих видов на территории нашей страны. Исправления и дополнения были внесены на основе анализа публикационных сведений об их распространении в отдельных областях и регионах, поэтому новые карты являются более актуальными и подробными. Данные научных публикаций о частоте встречаемости вида в отдельной области послужили для объединения территорий с показателями встречаемости «очень часто», «обыкновенно», «нередко» в одну территорию с характеристикой встречаемости «часто», а также объединения территорий с показателями встречаемости «очень редко», «нечасто», «спорадически» – в одну территорию с показателем встречаемости «редко». Зона вредоносности определена как территория, где вид встречается часто. Показано, что у прибрежно-опушечного вида латука сибирского, изредка заходящего на сегетальные и рудеральные местообитания, отсутствует зона вредоносности, а зона распространения подразделяется на зоны частой и редкой встречаемости вида.
... For example, Erigeron canadensis, Oenothera biennis and Xanthium strumarium are widespread in coastal tracts heavily impacted by trampling, flattening and waste deposits (Stanisci et al., 2010(Stanisci et al., , 2014 (Campoy et al., 2018), and Senecio inaequidens is known to induce changes in the floristic composition of dune vegetation (Heger and Böhmer, 2006). On the Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune grasslands, Rosa rugosa forms dense stands with high impact on the native vegetation (Isermann, 2008;Kelager et al., 2013 Kowalski et al., 2015), and consequently they require monitoring. ...
Questions
The spread of alien plant species is one of the main threats to the biodiversity of different natural habitats, and coastal dune habitats are among the most affected. There is a considerable local and regional variation in the level of alien plant invasion on coastal dunes. We asked what are the patterns of invasion across European coastal dunes and how they depend on habitat types and coastal regions.
Location
Atlantic, Baltic, Black Sea and Mediterranean coasts of Europe.
Methods
We used vegetation‐plot records from shifting dunes and stable dune grasslands extracted from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA). We quantified richness, frequency and distribution of alien plant (neophyte) species across dune habitats and coastal regions. We also explored the donor habitats and invasion trajectories of these species.
Results
In the flora of European coastal dunes, 7% of species were neophytes, for two‐thirds originating from outside of Europe and mostly naturalised and ruderal. Shifting and stable dunes were similar in neophyte species composition, but there were more individual occurrences of neophytes in shifting dunes. The neophyte flora composition differed considerably between the Atlantic, Baltic, Black Sea and Mediterranean regions. The highest number of neophyte species was observed on the Atlantic dunes, while the highest number of neophyte occurrences was on the Black Sea dunes. Most of the neophytes originated from North America and the Mediterranean‐Turanian region. Erigeron canadensis , Xanthium orientale, Oenothera biennis and Oenothera oakesiana were the most common neophytes.
Conclusions
We provided a comprehensive assessment of alien plant invasions in the coastal dunes across Europe and highlighted that coastal dunes should be in the focus of European invasion management strategies.
... A faj őshonos areája lefedi Észak-Amerikát és Eurázsia kontinentális területeinek nagyrészét (LEBEDA et al. 2004, CIOCÂRLAN 2009, KARTESZ 2018 (HEGI 1928, NYÁRÁDY 1965, TUTIN et al. 1976, FERÁKOVÁ 1977, JEHLÍK 1980, TZVELEV 2003, CIOCÂRLAN 2009, KOWALSKI et al. 2015, KARTESZ 2018. Adventív flóraelemként Európa számos további területéről ismert, terjedése jól dokumentált. ...
... A faj pionír jellege legszembetűnőbben a tengerparti előfordulások esetében mutatkozik meg. A tengerparti nyílt homokon, illetve homokdűnéken elterjedt faj, de tavak, csatornák és folyók mentén, kavicszátonyokon, folyó menti cserjésekben is előfordul (NYÁRÁDY 1965, TUTIN et al. 1976, KNAPP & JAGE 1978, ROTHMALER et al. 1984, TZVELEV 2003, CIOCÂRLAN 2009, KOWALSKI et al. 2015. KNAPP & JAGE (1978) arról is beszámol, hogy a természetes areán belüli Tatárföldön széles körben elterjedt szántóföldi gyommá vált. ...
... Adatai települési környezetből (pl. vasút és út mente), szeméttelepről, külszíni bányákból, szántóföldekről, kertekből, parlagokból, tűzvédelmi pásztákból származnak (TUTIN et al. 1976, KNAPP & JAGE 1978, OBERDORFER 1983, ROTHMALER et al. 1984, TZVELEV 2003, FISCHER 2005, KOWALSKI et al. 2015 ...
A szerzők beszámolnak az eurázsiai és észak-amerikai elterjedésű tatár saláta (Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey.) első magyarországi előfordulásáról. Ismertetik a faj fontosabb taxonómiai, morfológiai, chorológiai, élőhelyi sajátosságait, illetve a természetvédelmi vonatkozásait. Őshonos elterjedési területén kívüli európai terjedése az 1800-as évek végén vette kezdetét. Az első jelentősebb adatok a Balti-, illetve az Északi-tenger partvidékéről származnak. Az 1920-as évektől Európa számos, a tengerektől távol eső pontján is megfigyelték jövevény fajként. Mivel előfordulása Szlovákia és Ausztria Magyarországhoz közeli területein évtizedek óta ismert, hazai előkerülése nem váratlan. Meglepő módon azonban nem az említett országokhoz közel, hanem Csongrád megye déli részén került elő 2018 augusztusában. A szomszédos országokhoz hasonlóan hazánkban is jellegtelen, bolygatott élőhelyen telepedett meg. A faj ökológiai igényeit, agresszív vegetatív terjedőképességét, illetve a külföldi tapasztalatokat figyelembe véve további terjedése várható.
