Agaricus comtulus
Epicr. 215. 1838.
Common Name: none
Cap 2.5-4 cm broad, convex-umbonate to convex when young, expanding to plano-convex; margin at first incurved, decurved at maturity; surface dry, cream-colored, appressed-fibrillose, seldom squamulose, the fibrils slowly becoming yellowish-brown to tawny with age or from handling, the disc usually darker; context white, firm, relatively thin, up to 4 mm thick, unchanging; odor of anise; taste pleasant, sweet.
Gills free, crowded, thin, relatively narrow, at first pinkish, then pale greyish-brown, finally dark-brown; lamellulae up to 4-seried.
Stipe 3-5 cm long, 4-7 mm thick, stuffed at maturity, usually equal but occasionally with a small basal bulb or enlarged at the apex; surface silky-fibrillose, pallid, becoming tawny-brown with handling or in age; partial veil two-layered, consisting of small floccose scales over a thin membrane, rupturing to form an inconspicuous, pendulous, superior ring, in age appressed to the stipe.
Spores 4.0-5.0 x 3.0-3.5 µm, broadly ellipsoid, smooth, thick-walled, hilar appendage inconspicuous, germ pore not evident, many spores with a dark central body; spore print dark-brown.
Solitary or in small groups in watered, grassy areas; fruiting from late summer to early fall; rare.
Edible, but insignificant.
Agaricus comtulus looks like a diminutive Agaricus arvensis. Similarities include a cream-colored cap that yellows slowly, a sweet anise odor, and a grassland habit. Unlike its larger cousin, however, Agaricus comtulus is rare, at least in the San Francisco Bay Area. It sometimes fruits with Stropharia coronilla, a mushroom with which it bears an uncanny resemblance both in size and color. The latter can be distinguished by attached gills, lack of an anise odor, and an annulus with a distinctive striate upper surface. Agaricus micromegathus is another uncommon, grassland species. It is similar in size to Agaricus comtulus, yellows slowly, and is anise-odored, but according to Kerrigan has a cap which when young has "pinkish-red fibrils that darken to grey-brown" in age.
Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. (1995). Fungi of Switzerland. Volume 4: Agarics (2nd Part). Entolomataceae, Pluteaceae, Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Coprinaceae, Strophariaceae. Verlag Mykologia: Luzern, Switzerland. 368 p.
Kerrigan, R.W. (1986). The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California. 6. Agaricaceae. Mad River Press: Eureka, CA. 62 p.
Kerrigan, R.W. (2016). Agaricus of North America. New York Botanical Garden: Bronx, NY. 574 p.
Sánchez, L.A.P. (2013). Agaricus L.; Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas; Part 2. Edizioni Candusso: Alassio, Italy. 1168 p.