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| Insects of Britain and Ireland: the families of Lepidoptera |
Eupistidae, Augasmidae
Adults relatively long-bodied; relatively slender-bodied (wingspan more than 15 times the thoracic width) to medium built (wingspan more than 8 and less than 15 times the thoracic width); wings in repose packed with the forewings directed backwards to cover hindwings and abdomen.
Head smooth. Antennae of medium length to very long; extending to about 0.7–1.5 times the length of the forewing. Antennae of males simple; non-ciliate. The antennal scape with a pecten (at least, “with a scale-tuft”); not forming an ‘eye cap’. Ocelli absent. Chaetosemata absent (?). Maxillary palps much reduced (minute); 2 segmented. Labial palps porrect to ascending (fairly long, curved); 3 segmented. Proboscis fully developed; scaly towards the base.
Wingspan 8–18(–21) mm; 13–19 times the thoracic width. Forewings narrow; 3.6–9.2 times as long as wide. Tornus weakly defined to undetectable. Forewings apically blunt to pointed; predominantly shining-metallic, or neither shining-metallic nor with shining metallic markings (plain, consistently lacking transverse markings). Hindwings narrow-elongate and very long-fringed; linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; very much narrower than the forewings to similar in breadth to the forewings; with a pointed apex. The fringe of the hindwings 3–6 times the width of the membrane. The upper surfaces plain; with neither discal spot nor transverse lines; hindwings with a frenulum.
Neuration of forewings and hindwings dissimilar. Forewings 9 veined, or 10 veined, or 11 veined (lacking veins 5, 8 and sometimes also 4 or 3 and 4); with 2 anal veins. The anal veins of the forewings comprising 1b and 1c. Forewings exhibiting a tubular vein 1c (distally). Vein 1b of the forewings furcate proximally. The transverse vein complete. Discal cell of the forewings without a tubular media (M) vein. Hindwings 7–9 veined; with 1 anal vein, or with 2 anal veins. The anal veins of the hindwings representing 1b only, or comprising 1a and 1b. Hindwings exhibiting vein 1a, or lacking vein 1a; theoretically lacking a tubular vein 1c; with a discal cell to without a discal cell. The transverse vein incomplete to lacking. When cell present, 4 veins arising from the hindwing cell, or 5 veins arising from the hindwing cell (with vein 4 usually absent, sometimes also vein 5). The cell-derived hindwing veins 6+7 proximally joined. Vein 8 of the hindwings when cell present, completely independent of the cell; not approximating to vein 7.
Fore-legs with a tibial epiphysis. Tibiae of middle legs 2-spurred. Posterior tibiae 4-spurred; not hairy.
Eggs, larvae and pupae. Eggs smooth or minutely pitted (?). Larval prolegs 2, or 4–8. Larvae case-bearing (invariably, sometimes boring into the leaf or fruit to which it is attached); concealed feeders (mining when young, subsequently living in a portable case). On divers Dicot trees, shrubs and herbs, and a few on Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Juncaceae.
Pupae concealed; above the ground. Empty pupae not becoming protruded.
British representation. Genera 4; about 100 species (1 adventive). Coleophora alcyonipennella (Frisch's Case-moth, Clover Case-moth), Coleophora laricella (Larch Case-moth), etc.
Classification. Microlepidoptera. Suborder Ditrysia. Superfamily Gelechioidea.
Comments. Antennae porrect in repose.
Illustrations. • Coleophora albicosta (White-edged Unicorn): B. Ent. 687. • Coleophora albicosta: B. Ent. 687, legend+text. • Coleophora albicosta: B. Ent. 687, text cont.. • Coleophora alcyonipennella (Clover Case-bearer: B. Ent. 463). • Coleophora alcyonipennella: B. Ent. 463, legend+text. • Coleophora alcyonipennella: B. Ent. 463, text cont.. • Coleophora mayrella: Stephens IV, 1834. • Coleophora trifolii (Curtis): Trefoil Thick-horned Tinea. B. Ent. 391). • Coleophora trifolii: B. Ent. 391, legend+text). As well as including the original description of C. trifolii (Curtis), this carries the description of Damophila Curtis, now submerged in Coleophora. • Coleophora trifolii: B. Ent. 391, text cont.). • Augasma aeratella (as Asychna): Stainton 12, IV (1870). COLEOPHORIDAE. 2. Augasma aeratella. Larva (2a), and a sprig of Polygonim aviculare with pod-like galls caused by it (2b). Stainton 12, IV, 2 (1870). • Stainton 12, IV, 2 (1870): original legend.. • Coleophora juncicolella, C. laricella, C. siccifolia: Stainton 4, I (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora juncicolella: imago (1m), larva (1a) , sprig of Erica with mined leaves (1b) and larval case (1c). 2, Coleophora laricella: imago (2m), larva (2a), sprig of larch with mined leaves (2b), and case of the larva (2c). 3, Coleophora siccifolia: imago (3m), larva (3a), and hawthorn leaves eaten by the larva, with two cases attached (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 4, I (1859). • Stainton 4, I (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora gryphipennella, C. milvipennis (as limosipennella), C. solitariella: Stainton 4, II (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora gryphipennella: imago (1m), larva (1a), and mined rose leaf with a case attached (1b). 2, Coleophora milvipennis: imago (2m), larva (2a), elm leaf eaten by the larva (2a), and larval case (2c). 3, Coleophora solitariella: imago (3m), larva (3a), sprig of Stellaria holostea with mined leaves (3b), and a larval case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antennae (a), and palpus (b). Stainton 4, I (1859). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 4, II (1859). • Stainton 4, II (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora ornatipennella (mainland-European), C. lixella, C. galbulipennella (as otitae): Stainton 4, III (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora ornatipennella: imago (1m), larva (1a), and a mined grass leaf blade with larval case attached (1b). 2, Coleophora lixella: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a plant of Briza media with mined leaf and a larval case attached (2b). 3, Coleophora galbulipennella: imago (3m), larva (3a), and a mined leaf of Silene otites with larval case attached. Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 4, III (1859). • Stainton 4, III (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora currucipennella, C. ibipennella, C. anatipennella: Stainton 4, IV (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora currucipennella: imago (1m), larva (1a), oak leaf eaten by the larva (1b), and a larval case (1c). 2, Coleophora ibipennella: imago (2m), larva (2b), and birch leaves eaten by the larva, with two cases attached (2a). 3, Coleophora anatipennella: imago (3m), larva (3b), sloe twig with leaf eaten by the larva and a case attached to the stem (3a), and a larval case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (a), and a palpus (b). Stainton 4, IV (1859). • Stainton 4, IV (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora discordella, C. genistae, C. serenella (mainland- European): Stainton 4, V (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora discordella: imago (1m), larva (1a), sprig of Lotus corniculatus with case attached (1b), and a larval case (1c). 2, Coleophora genistae: imago (2m), larva (2a), sprig of Genista anglica with mined leaves (2b), and a larval case (2c). 3, Coleophora serenella: imago (3m), larva (3a), a piece of leaf of Astragalus glycyphyllos, with larval mines and cases attached (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, V (1859). • Stainton 4, V (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora caespititiella, C. obscenella (as virgaureae), C. silenella (as inflatae): Stainton 4, VI (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora caespititiella: imago (1m), larva (1a), and seeds of Juncus conglomeratus with larval cases attached. 2, Coleophura obscenella: imago (2m), larva (2a), seeds of Solidago virgaurea with a larval case attached (2b), and a larval case (2c). 3, Coleophora silenella: imago (3m), larva (3a), capsule of Silene vulgaris with larval case attached (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antennae (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, VI (1859). • Stainton 4, VI (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora pennella (as onosmella), C. lineolea, C. pyrrhulipennella: Stainton 4, VII (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora pennella: imago (1m), larva (1a); leaves of Echium vulgare eaten by the larva, with two cases larval attached. 2, Coleophora lineolea: imago (2m), larva (2a), mined leaf of Ballota nigra (2b), and a larval case (2c). 3, Coleophora pyrrhulipennella: imago (3m), larva (3a), and a sprig of heather with larval case attached (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, VII (1859). • Stainton 4, VII (1859): original legend.. • Coleophora albicosta, C. chamaedryella (mainland-European), C. lugduniella (mainland-European): Stainton 4, VIII (1859). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora albicosta: imago (1m), larva (1a), pod of Ulex europaeus with two larval cases attached (1b). 2, Coleophora chamaedryella: imago (2m), larva (2a), sprig of Teucrium chamaedrys with a larval case attached to one of the leaves (2b). 3, Coleophora lugduniella: imago (3m), larva (3a), leaf of Vicia cracca eaten by the larva (3b), and a larval case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 4, VIII (1859). • Stainton 4, VIII (1859): original legend.. • Coleophophora vibicella, C. conspicuella, C. coelebipennella: Stainton 5, IX (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora vibicella: imago (1m), larva (1a); sprig of Genista tinctoria, with mined leaves and three cases of young larvae attached (1b); and case of adult larva (1c). 2, Coleophora conspicuella: imago (2m), larva (2a), and mined piece of leaf of Centaurea nigra with a larva-case attached (2b). 3, Coleophora coelebipennella, = ?: imago (3m), larva ( 3a), and a mined leaf of Artemisia campestris with case attached (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, IX (1860). • Stainton 5, IX (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora otidipennella (as murinipennella), C. argentula, C. artemisicolella (as albicans): Stainton 5, X (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora otidipennella: imago (1m), larva (1a), sprig of Luzula with larval cases attached to the seeds (1b), and a larva case (1c). 2, Coleophora argentula: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a sprig of Achillea millefolium with larva cases attached to the seeds. 3, Coleophora artemisicolella: imago (3m), larva (3a), a sprig of Artemisia vulgaris with larva-cases attached to the seeds (3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, X (1860). • Stainton 5, X (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora gnaphalii and C. millefolii (mainland-European), C. hemerobiella: Stainton 5, XI (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora gnaphalii: imago (1m), larva (1a), a sprig of “Gnaphalium arenarium” with two larva-cases attached (1b), and a larva-case (1c). 2, Coleophora millefolii: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a sprig of Achillea millefolium with larva-case attached. 3, Coleophora hemerobiella: imago (3m), larva (3a), a mined pear leaf (3c), and a larva-case (3b). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XI (1860). • Stainton 5, XI (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora ochripennella (mainland-European), C. chalcogrammella, C. vitisella: Stainton 5, XII (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora ochripennella: imago (1m), larva (1a), and a sprig of Ballota nigra with a larva-case attached (1b). 2, Coleophora chalcogrammella: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a sprig of Cerastium arvense with mined leaves and a larva-case attached (2b). 3, Coleophora vitisella: imago (3m), larva (3a), a sprig of Vaccinium vitis-idaea with mined leaves and a larva-case attached (3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XII (1860). • Stainton 5, XII (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora ochrea, C. wockella, C. ditella (or pseudoditella? - mainland-European): Stainton 5, XIII (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora ochrea: imago (1m), larva (1a), and a sprig of Helianthemum chamaecistus with mined leaves and a larva-case attached (1b).2, Coleophora wockella: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a mined leaf of Betonica officinalis with a larva-case attached (2b). 3, Coleophora ditella or C. pseudoditella (?): imago (3m), larva (3a), a mined leaf of Artemisia campestris with larva-case attached (3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XIII (1860). • Stainton 5, XIII (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora virgatella, C. auricella, C. serratulella (all mainland-European): Stainton 5, XIV (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE: mainland-European species. 1, Coleophora virgatella: imago (1m), larva (1a), mined leaf of Salvia pratensis with larva-case attached (1b), and a larva-case (1c). 2, Coleophora auricella: imago (2m), larva (2a), and a sprig of Stachys recta with mined leaves and several larva-cases attached (2b). 3, Coleophora serratulella: imago (3m), larva (3a), mined leaf of “Serratula cyanoides” with larva-case attached (3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XIV (1860). • Stainton 5, XIV (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora trifariella and C. odorariella (mainland-European), C. paripennella (as alcyopennella): Stainton 5, XV (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora trifariella: imago (1m); larva (1a), and a sprig of broom with attached larva-case (1b). 2, Coleophora odorariella: imago (2m), larva (2a), a mined leaf of “Serratula cyanoides” with attached larva-case (2b), and a larva-case. 3, Coleophora paripennella: imago (3m), larva (3a), a mined leaf of Centaurea nigra with attached larva-case (3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XV (1860). • Stainton 5, XV (1860): original legend.. • Coleophophora lusciniaepennella (as viminetella), C. violacea (as paripennella), C. ledi (mainland-European): Stainton 5, XVI (1860). COLEOPHORIDAE. 1, Coleophora lusciniaepennella: imago (1m), larva (1a), and a mined leaf of Salix caprea with attached larva-case (1b). 2, cf. Coleophora violacea (this being the likely identity of English material formerly referred to C. paripennella Zell.) : imago (2m), larva (2a), mined leaves of Prunus spinosa with a larva-case attached (2b), and a larva-case (2c). 3, Coleophora ledi: imago (3m), larva (3a), a mined Tilia leaf with attached larva-case (3b), and a larva-case (3c). Dissections depict basal joint of antenna (g), and a palpus (f). Stainton 5, XVI (1860). • Stainton 5, XVI (1860): original legend. • Coleophora vibicella: Stainton (1859). • Stainton's representative 'Tineina' (1854). Stainton's TINEINA (Coleophoridae italicised). 2, Ochsenheimeria birdella; 3, Tinea ganomella; 4, Eriocrania salopiella; 5, Nemophora metallica; 6, Swammerdamia pyrella; 7, Yponomeuta sedella; 8, Plutella xylostella; 9, Ypsolopha dentella; 10, Agonopterix alstroemeriana; 11, Pexicopia malvella; 12, Chrysoesthia drurella; 13, Ypsolopha parenthesella; 14, Schiffermuelleria grandis; 15, Scythris grandipennis; 16, Glyphipteryx equitella; 17, Heliozela resplendella; 18, Argyresthia bonnetella; 19, Caloptilia alchimiella; 20, Coleophora lineola; 21, Bedellia somnulentella; 22, Cosmopteryx lienigiella; 23, Mompha propinquella; 24, Elachista gangabella; 25, Elachista maculicerusella; 26, Emmetia marginea; 27, Phyllonorycter acerifoliella; 28, Phyllonorycter stettinensis; 29, Leucoptera malifoliella; 30, Ectoedemia sericopeza. From Stainton (1854, Plate IX). • Larvae of 'Tineina' (Stainton). 1, OECOPHORIDAE: Diurnea fagella larva, and (1a) shown between united birch leaves. 2, PSYCHIDIDAE: Taleporia(?) larva, showing cases attached to lichen (2a), and a single case enlarged. 3, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Ochsenheimeria taurella, and (3a) a section of grass stem showing the larva in situ. 4, TINEIDAE: Tineola bisselliella, with a gallery formed in feathers (4a); 4b, a case of Tinea pellionella on a feather. 5, INCURVARIIDAE: Incurvaria praelatella, with a partially devoured wild strawberry leaf (5a), and a case from the underside. 6, Incurvaria pectinea, and (6a) the larva in its case feeding on a fallen oak leaf. 7, Lampronia capitella, with (7a) a currant shoot withering from the effects of the larva feeding in the stem. 8, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Swammerdamia pyrella, with (8a) the larva in its web between united cherry leaves. 9, Yponomeutidae-Plutellinae: Plutella porrectella, and (9a) feeding on a Hesperis leaf. 10, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Orthotelia sparganella, with (10a) an eaten stem of Sparganium. 11. OECOPHORIDAE: Depressaria sp., with (11a) a leaf of Centaurea nigra distorted by its attentions. 12, GELECHIIDAE: Anacampsis temerella, with (12a) a sallow leaf tenanted by it. 13, Metzneria aestivella, with (13a) a sectioned fruiting head of Carlina showing the feeding larva in situ. 14, OECOPHORIDAE: Crassa unitella, and (14a) a piece of decayed wood burrowed by the larvae. 15, GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Glyphipteryx equitella, with (15a) shoots of Sedum acre showing the middle one bleached by excavations of the larva. 16, YPONOMEUTIDAE: Argyresthia bonnetella, with (16a) hawthorn shoots eaten by the larva. 17, GRACILLARIIDAE: Caloptilia alchimiella, with (17a) an oak lead exhibiting a cone formed by the larva. 18, OECOPHORIDAE: Agonopterix angelicella, with (18a) its cone on a hawthorn leaf. 19, COLEOPHORIDAE: Coleophora follicularis, with (19a) a mined leaf of Eupatorium, and (19b) the case enlarged. 20, LYONETIIDAE: Bedellia somnulentella, with (20a) a mined Convolvulus arvensis leaf. 21, EPERMENIIDAE: Epermenia chaerophyllellus, with (21a) a portion of Anthriscus sylvestris leaf eaten half through by it. 22, MOMPHIDAE: Chrysoclista linneella, with (22a) a piece of inner bark of lime burrowed by it. 23, ELACHISTIDAE: Elachista maculicerusella. with (23a) a mined Phragmites leaf blade. 24, TISCHERIIDAE: Emmetia marginea, and (24a) a mined bramble leaf. 25, GRACILLARIIDAE: Phyllonorycter quinnata, with (25a) a mined Carpinus leaf. 26, LYONETIIDAE: Leucoptera laburnella, with (26a) a mined Laburnum leaf. 27, Bucculatrix bechsteinella (Bucculatricidae), and a hawthorn leaf eaten half through. 28, NEPTICULIDAE: Nepticula sp., with (28a) a mined Potentilla leaf. From Stainton (1854, Plate X). • Coleophora anatipennella: Kirby 55. • Coleophora onosmella: neuration.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. Insects of Britain and Ireland: the families of Lepidoptera. Version: 14th April 2022. delta-intkey.com’.
