Academia.eduAcademia.edu
Habitat requirements of marsh dandelions (Taraxacum) in Polish and Estonian coastal grasslands Beata BOSIACKA 1*, Thea KULL 2, Helena WIĘCŁAW 1, Paweł MARCINIUK 3 and Marek PODLASIŃSKI 4 1 2 3 4 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Phytogeography, University of Szczecin, Wąska St. 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland, *e-mail: bebos@univ.szczecin.pl (corresponding author) Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Department of Botany, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prusa St. 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland Department of Land Recultivation and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego St. 14, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland ARTICLE INFO Regular research paper published in Pol. J. Ecol. (2016) 64: 213–230 received after revision April 2016 doi 10.3161/15052249PJE2016.64.2.006 key words marsh dandelions coastal meadows vegetation-environment relations CCA TWINSPAN ABSTRACT Factors determining the distribution of highly endangered marsh dandelion species in Polish and Estonian coastal grasslands have been investigated. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to determine which environmental variables are responsible for the vegetation patterns in coastal grasslands with marsh dandelion and (ii) to analyse the ecological spectra of the identified marsh dandelion species. Altogether 51 plots were sampled (in 2013 and 2014). They were used following statistical analysis: DCA, CCA, Spearman’s rank correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis test and hierarchical divisive cluster analysis (TWINSPAN). In total, three marsh dandelion species were found in Polish and Estonian coastal grasslands. The only species found in Poland was Taraxacum balticum. In Estonia all three species occur: T. balticum, T. decolorans and T. suecicum. Taraxacum balticum has been found in the widest ranges of all soil properties included, usually on organic, saline, non-carbonate and acid to slightly acid substrate. Taraxacum suecicum and T. decolorans have been found only on mineral, non-saline and slightly alkaline to alkaline substrate. The ecological spectra determined for endangered marsh dandelion species can be used to improve the methods of their protection. Nomenclature: mosses – O chy ra et al. (2003); vascular plants – Mirek et al. (2002). INTRODUCTION Species of the Taraxacum sect. Palustria are one of the most threatened groups of dandelions. This results from their high habitat requirements and high sensitivity to changes in grassland management. They are heliophilous species which require relatively fertile, at least periodically wet, mineral or organic soils. Furthermore, in some regions, a high content of available calcium and carbonates in the soil and the associated neutral or alkaline soil reaction appears to be an important factor determining the occurrence of marsh dandelions. Such ecological requirements and low competitiveness reduce their occurrence to natural and semi-natural wet grasslands with undisturbed hydrological conditions. Widespread land reclamation and abandonment of traditional farming methods result in the disappearance of suitable habitats as well as a significant decrease in the number and the size of the marsh dandelion populations (O o ste r veld 1983, Ki rs chne r and Ště p anek 1998, S chmi d 2002, Marc i n iu k 2012). The natural range of the Taraxacum sect. Palustria covers Europe and Southwest Asia, but the ranges of species included in the section are relatively small, which permits the identification of clear distribution groups, e.g. with the Mediterranean, Alpine-Carpathian, Central-European or Baltic range. Group with the Baltic range encompasses 10 species of dandelions, relatively closely associated with grassland habitats of the Baltic coast.