Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2008, 29 (2): 203-206
© 2008 Adac. Tous droits réservés
Frullania fragilifolia (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
(Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta), a suboceanic
mountainous species new to the bryophyte flora of Turkey
Tülay EZER*, Recep KARA & Atabay DÜZENL∂
Çukurova University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology,
Adana-Turkey
(Received 11 July 2007, accepted 10 September 2007)
Abstract – Frullania fragilifolia (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees is a cortico-saxicolous
liverwort which is reported for the first time from Turkey. The species is described from
material collected in the southern Amanos range (Mount Musa), of the Mediterranean
phytogeographic region, which has an oceanic climate with high annual rainfall (9371124 mm) and strong humid conditions. Turkish plants are described and illustrated.
Liverwort / Frullania fragilifolia / Frullaniaceae / Mount Musa / Turkey / New report
INTRODUCTION
Frullania Raddi is a genus of worldwide distribution, including species
with a wide range in holarctic regions and contains over one thousand binomials
(von Konrat & Braggins, 2001; Yuzawa, 1991).
The genus is easily recognized by the basically asymmetrically trifid leaf,
consisting of a large dorsal lobe; a smaller, often inflated, lobule; and a small, but
conspicuous ventral-most stylus. But, species are systematically difficult due to
their high polymorphism (Sim-Sim, 1999).
According to the latest list of Turkish bryophytes (Kürschner & Erda∑,
2005), prior to this study, five taxa of Frullania have been recognized as occuring
in Turkey: Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort. var. dilatata, Frullania dilatata (L.)
Dumort. var. blanda De Not., Frullania jackii Gottsche, Frullania tamarisci (L.)
Dumort. var. atrovirens Carr. and Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort. var. tamarisci.
The present study reports a sixth taxon which was characterized by Düll (1983) as
a suboceanic mountainous species of the genus. Description and illustration of the
taxon further contributes to the bryoflora of Turkey.
The description and illustrations are based on Turkish herbarium
specimens collected from southern Amanos range (Mount Musa) in March 2005
and August 2006. Identification of the specimens were based on the species
concepts of Frullania fragilifolia outlined and illustrated by Smith (1991); Paton
(1999); Arnell (1981); and Sim-Sim (1999). The morphological drawings were
* Correspondence and reprints: tezer@cu.edu.tr
204
T. Ezer, R. Kara & A. Düzenli
made with a drawing attachment. Specimens are deposited in the herbaria of
ADA and AYDN.
Frullania fragilifolia (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
Figs 1-6
Basionym: Jungermannia fragilifolia Taylor Annals and Magazine of Natural
History 12: 172. 1843.
Plants thin, glossy, mats, red or reddish brown, to 2cm long with leafy
shoots; strongly aromatic. Leafy shoots 0,7mm wide; stem irregularly 1-2 (-3)
pinnately branched and 80 µm wide, partially denuded. Leaves approximate to
imbricate or sometimes distant; dorsal lobe appressed or elevated, to 375 µm wide
and to 450 µm long from antical margin to apex, suborbicular to obliquely ovate,
usually convex, apex rounded, plane, or narrowly decurved; ventral lobe mostly
obovate, helmet-shape, to 100 × 200 µm, slightly longer than to nearly twice as long
as wide, narrower than underleaves, narrowed at base, rarely evolute; stylus
uniseriate above, lobed or dentate at base. Lobe cells 20-25 µm wide; trigones
minute to moderately large and convex; ocelli scattered, present in most leaves and
also often in a broad line from base towards mid-lobe. Oil bodies 1-3 (4) per cell, 4
× 6 µm, compound, oil bodies in ocelli faintly granular. Underleaves 1,5-3 times
wider than stem, to 125 µm long, decurrent at base, bilobed, cuneiform, margins
plane, edentate, sometimes with a blunt tooth (1-2), sinus mostly 1/4-2/5 underleaf
length, acute or narrowly rounded, lobes obtuse, obliquely truncate. Asexual
reproduction by caducous leaf lobes and lobules. Dioicous, sporophyte unknown
in Turkey. Male inflorescences to 750 × 660 µm, discoid or reniform in outline,
bracts in 2-4 pairs. Female bracts and bracteole to 1,2 mm long, about 1/2 bilobed,
apices acute or acuminate, terminating in 1-2 cells, or bract lobe broadly rounded,
margins dentate-serrate and also variously lobed, usually with numerous scattered
ocelli. Perianths to 1,0 × 1,5 mm, obovate-obcordate, without ocelli but sometimes
with glistening oil globules, beak to 110 × 110 µm. Sporophytes rather rare, AprilJuly, October, elaters 11-14 on each valve (Paton, 1999).
Differentiation: Frullania fragilifolia is easily recognized from other Turkish
Frullania species by the caducous leaves and partially denuded stems. The rounded
leaf lobes differ from F. tamarisci. Forms with the ocelli in a median rows of
Frullania fragilifolia may be confused with F. microphylla but differ in the shape of
the underleaves. The underleaves of Furullania fragilifolia are cuneiform and
decurrent at the base, whereas the underleaves of Frullania microphylla are
oblong, more deeply divided and not decurrent at the base.
A key to the Frullania species of Turkey
1 Dorsal lobes of leaves with ocelli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Dorsal lobes of leaves without ocelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Plants medium sized, dorsal lobes recurved, apex usually acute,
acuminate or apiculate, leaves not caducous, ocelli in an uniseriate ±
unbroken line in mid-lob towards apex and towards base . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frullania tamarisci
Plants small sized, dorsal lobes plain, apex broadly rounded, leaves
sometimes caducous, ocelli scattered . . . . . . . . . . Frullania fragilifolia
3 Ventral lobes helmet-shaped, wide-mouthed, underleaves bilobed,
apex acute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frullania dilatata
Ventral lobes hemispherical, underleaves reniform-circular, apex
emerginate or entire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Frullania jackii
Frullania fragilifolia (Marchantiophyta) new to Turkey
205
st.
oc.
st.
Figs 1-6. Frullania fragilifolia. 1. Ventral view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral lobe. 4. Underleaves.
5. Median cells of dorsal lobes with ocelli. 6. Dorsal lobe with ventral lobe (st. Stylus; oc. Ocelli).
Habitat and substrate: Frullania fragilifolia grows in mixed woodlands of Quercus
cerris L. and Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe. The taxon
preferentially grows on steep or vertical surfaces of acid to base-rich rocks, rarely
on limestone, trunks and branches of deciduous woodland, occasionally on
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T. Ezer, R. Kara & A. Düzenli
conifers, on lichens and bryophytes. The species is particularly common on trunks
of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana.
Frullania fragilifolia is acidophytic (pH 4,9-5,6)-sub-neutrophytic [pH 5,77,0 (-7,5)], hygrophytic-mesophytic, sciophytic-photophytic, mesotherm-thermophytic
(Dierßen, 2001). It has been found together with many associates such as
Frullania tamarisci (L.) Dumort. var. tamarisci, F. dilatata (L.) Dumort., Radula
complanata (L.) Dumort., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Neckera crispa Hedw.
and Leskea polycarpa Ehrh. ex Hedw.
Distribution: Iceland, Faeroes, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, British Isles,
Germany, Spain, Hungary, Russia, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Aegean Islans,
Canaries, Azores, and extending to Japan (Paton, 1999; Smith, 1991; Arnell, 1981;
Sim-Sim, 1999; Casas, 1998; Erzberger & Papp, 2004).
Specimen examined:
Turkey, Hatay (Antakya), Samanda∑, Mount Musa, Yola∫an place, full shade, moist,
northern slope, in Quercus cerris L. forest, on trunk of Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana
(Lamb.) Holmboe., northern exposure alt. ca 950 m, coll. Ezer, 31.08.2006, T.E.1433 ( 360 13’
613” N and 350 54’ 061” E); Hatay (Antakya), Samanda∑, Mount Musa, ∂kiztepe,
Dumangözü place, partial shade, moist, northern slope, in Quercus cerris L. forest, on trunk
of Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe., northern exposure alt. ca 1115m,
coll. Ezer, 19.03.2005, T.E. 1285 ( 360 14’ 796” N and 350 54’ 381” E).
Acknowledgements. We are indebted to Dr. Adnan Erda∑ and Dr. Harald
Kürschner for identification of the species and to the Research Fund of Çukurova University
for financial support (Project No: FEF2004D 10). We thank Dr. Matt von Konrat (Chicago)
and an anonymous reviewer for comments on several earlier versions of the manuscript.
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Tülay Ezer