Zootaxa 4242 (1): 193–200
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Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.1.11
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:240741C7-39FF-4000-807F-9DE05090E45D
Reisseronia annae sp. nov.—a new parthenogenetic bagworm moth from Poland
(Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
ADAM LARYSZ
Upper Silesian Museum (USMB) Bytom, Department of Natural History, pl. Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
E-mail: a.larysz@muzeum.bytom.pl
Abstract
Reisseronia annae sp. nov. is described from the province of Upper Silesia in southern Poland. The species is similar to
its parthenogenetic relatives Reisseronia imielinella Malkiewicz, Sobczyk & Larysz, 2013 and R. gertrudae Sieder, 1962.
The diagnosis of other related congeneric species is provided. The habitat and life history is described.
Key words: Epichnopteriginae, taxonomy, new species, Poland
Introduction
The genus Reisseronia Sieder, 1956 includes 15 species occurring in central and south-eastern Europe and also
south-western Asia (Sieder 1956; Sauter & Hättenschwiler 1991; Sobczyk 2011, Malkiewicz et al. 2013; Weidlich
2016). Some of them have been described in recent years (Hättenschwiler 1982; Hauser 1996; Kurz et al. 2006;
Weidlich 2006, 2016; Malkiewicz et al. 2013). All known species of Reisseronia have apterous females. Because
of weak mobility there is a high percentage of endemic species (Malkiewicz et al. 2013). Two of these are known
to be parthenogenetic: Reisseronia gertrudae Sieder, 1962 from Styria (Austria) and Reisseronia imielinella
Malkiewicz, Sobczyk & Larysz, 2013 from Upper Silesia (Poland) (Sieder 1962; Gepp & Trattnig 1990;
Hättenschwiler 2004; Larysz 2007, 2016; Sobczyk 2011; Malkiewicz et al. 2013). Only 11 entirely parthenogenetic
species are known among the Psychidae (Hättenschwiler 2004; Malkiewicz et al. 2013).
In 2013, I found a new Reisseronia species, also with parthenogenetic development, in Katowice, Upper
Silesia, Poland. The differences in the antennae, morphology of legs, pupae, pupal head plate and female genitalia,
led me to the conclusion that I was dealing with a separate taxon, different from the previously known
representatives of the genus Reisseronia (Larysz 2016).
Material and methods
In 2013 the new species was found in Janów, a district of Katowice, Upper Silesia, southern Poland, in an industrial
area, on a dry, ruderal meadow overgrown with low vegetation (Larysz 2016). The locality lies at an altitude of 270
m. Most of the larvae were found on the concrete fencing around the premises of a scrap metal company. Some
cases with larvae were also found on the ground near the fence. Collected larvae were kept in laboratory
conditions. Continuous breeding of several generations of larvae showed these species to be parthenogenetic, as is
the case with R. imielinella and R. gertrudae (Larysz 2016). Most of the larvae were reared to adults. Adults,
larvae, pupae and cases were photographed using a binocular Nikon SMZ1500 equipped with a Microscopic
photographic system and a Nikon digital DS Fi1 camera.
The females were examined in 75% ethanol. For further study, three specimens were dissected and studied in
glycerol. The examined larvae and pupae are preserved in 75% ethanol. The description of the pupal morphology
follows Patočka (1999) and Patočka & Turčani (2005). The terminology used for the morphological characters
follows Davis & Robinson (1998) and Sauter & Hättenschwiler (1999).
Accepted by J. De Prins: 26 Jan. 2017; published: 9 Mar. 2017
193
The holotype and paratypes of R. imielinella, preserved in the coll. USMB (Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom,
Poland), were examined.
Abbreviations used in the description
A1-10
coll.
e.l.
l.
leg.
L4
abdominal segments of female, larva and pupa
collection
ex larva
larva
legerer in Latin [collected]
the final instar of the larva
Reisseronia annae sp. nov.
(Figs 1–13, 16)
Diagnosis. The males of all 13 species of the genus Reisseronia are known. Two species R. gertrudae and R.
imielinella are known as parthenogenetic. The species Reisseronia annae sp. nov. described in this paper was
found to be also parthenogenetic (Larysz 2016). R. annae sp. nov. differs from R. gertrudae and R. imielinella in
the size of the females and larval cases, the number of antennal segments, and the structure of the legs, pupae,
pupal head plate and female genitalia. Comparing the here below described species with the congeneric ones the
diagnostic differences are as follows:
The new species is similar to the reduced females of R. tschetverikovi Solanikov, 1990 (female length 4.5–5.0
mm, width 1.2 mm), but differs in the length of hairs (long, curled in R. annae sp. nov., short, erect in R.
tschetverikovi) on the head and thorax, and the number of antennal segments (three segments in R. annae sp. nov.,
one segment in R. tschetverikovi) (Rutjan 2003).
Females of R. muscaelutum Kurz, Kurz & Zeller-Lukashort, 2006 (female length 3.7 mm, width 0.85 mm) differ
from the new species by having short, erect hairs on the head and thorax and by having smaller larval cases (length
6.0 mm, width 1.6 mm) (Kurz et al. 2006), while females of R. annae sp. nov. have long, curled hairs on the head
and thorax, and their larval case are as big as 7.2 mm in length and 2.0 mm in width.
Females of R. staudingeri (Heylaerts, 1879) and R. satanella Kurz, Kurz & Zeller-Lukashort, 2006 are similar
in size to these of R. annae sp. nov. R. staudingeri—length 3.5–5.0 mm, width 1.3 mm, R. satanella—length 4.5–
5.25 mm, width 1.15–1.35 mm), R. annae sp. nov.—length 3.0–4.2 mm, width 0.9–1.3 mm, but differ from the
former two species in the number of antennal segments: in R. staudingeri one antennal segment, in R. satanella 8–
10 antennal segments, in R. annae sp. nov. three antennal segments. The size of their larval cases also serve as a
diagnostic character. The larval case length 11.0–14.0 mm, width 3.0–4.0 mm in R. staudingeri, 7.0–9.5 mm, width
1.5–2.7 mm in R. satanella (Kurz et al. 2006), while larval case length 7.0–7.4 mm, width 1.6 mm–2.6 mm in R.
annae sp. nov.
Females of R. arnscheidi Wiedlich, 2006 are similar (2–3 antennal segments, 1–2 tarsal segments, length 4.0–
4.5 mm) to these of R. annae sp. nov. (three antennal segments, one tarsal segment, length 3.0–4.2 mm), but their
larval cases are larger (length 8.0–10.0 mm. width 2.0 mm) (Weidlich 2006; Malkiewicz et al. 2013), while in R.
annae sp. nov. larval cases are smaller (length 7.0–7.4 mm).
Females of other congeneric species and their larval cases are larger: females of R. tarnierella (Bruand, 1851)
are 5.0–6.5 mm in length, and have 2–3 antennal segments, 2–3 tarsal segments and 8.0 mm long larval cases;
females of R. nigrociliella (Rebel, 1934) are 6.0–7.0 mm in length, and have 2 antennal segments, 4–5 tarsal
segments and larval cases 7.0–12.0 mm in length; females of R. pusilella (Rebel, 1940) are 5.0–6.0 mm long, and
have 5–6 antennal segments, 3 tarsal segments, and 10.0 mm long larval cases. The largest two species of the genus
are R. magna Hättenschwiler, 1982 (female length 10.0 mm, 2 antennal segments, 5 tarsal segments, larval case
length 16.0–20.0 mm) (Hättenschwiler 1982) and R. ionica Weidlich, 2016 (female length 6.0 to 7.2 mm, 2–3
antennal segments, 2 tarsal segments, larval case length 12.0–16.0 mm) (Weidlich 2016).
The new species is diagnosed from the other two congeneric parthenogenetic species R. gertrudae and R.
imielinella by the following characters:
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LARYSZ
FIGURE 1. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Holotype. Lateral view (photo A. Larysz).
POLAND CA66, Katowice-Janów, 9 V 2014 e.l., larva 29 III 2014 concrete fence, leg. Adam Larysz.
FIGURE 2. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Holotype. Ventral view (photo A. Larysz).
POLAND CA66, Katowice-Janów, 9 V 2014 e.l., larva 29 III 2014 concrete fence, leg. Adam Larysz.
FIGURE 3. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Holotype. Dorsal view (photo A. Larysz).
POLAND CA66, Katowice-Janów, 9 V 2014 e.l., larva 29 III 2014 concrete fence, leg. Adam Larysz.
FIGURE 4. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Holotype. Head, thorax ventral view (photo A. Larysz). POLAND CA66,
Katowice-Janów, 9 V 2014 e.l., larva 29 III 2014 concrete fence, leg. Adam Larysz.
FIGURE 5. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Latero-ventral view (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 6. Reisseronia annae sp. nov.: Legs of female (by W. Żyła).
FIGURE 7. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Genitalia ventral view (by W. Żyła).
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FIGURE 8. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Pupa: abdominal segments 2–10 dorsally (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 9. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Head plate of exuvia (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 10. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Pupa: abdominal segments 3–10 ventrally (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 11. Reisseronia annae sp. nov.: Larval case (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 12. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. Mature larva lateral view (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 13. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. Mature larva dorsal view (photo A. Larysz).
Adults—females of R. annae sp. nov. are smaller (length 3.0 to 4.2 mm, width 0.9 to 1.3 mm) than females of
R. imielinella (length 3.0 to 5.2 mm, width 1.0 to 1.8 mm) (Malkiewicz et al. 2013) and larger than R. gertrudae
(length 1.0 to 3.0 mm, width 1.0 to 1.5 mm) (Sieder 1962). The new species R. annae sp. nov. has antennae with
three segments (Fig 4), while R. gertrudae only one reduced antennal segment (Sieder 1962), R. imielinella one or
two (Malkiewicz et al. 2013). R. gertrudae has all the leg segments reduced, the femur and tibia are not separated,
tarsal segments are absent, and the claw is invariably unpaired (Sieder 1962; Malkiewicz et al. 2013). R. imielinella
has the femur and tibia distinctly separated, with one tarsal segment and all legs have paired claws (Malkiewicz et
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LARYSZ
al. 2013), while R. annae sp. nov. has all legs reduced, transparent, with one tarsal segment and paired brown
claws. The hind femora have a cavity on the dorsal side (Fig 4, 6). The hind femora in R. gertrudae and R.
imielinella without cavity. In the female genitalia of R. annae sp. nov. the accessory apophyses are very short and
thin, about 0.2× the length of the posterior apophyses (Fig 7) (in R. imielinella accessory apophyses longer and
thicker, about 0.4× the length of posterior apophyses).
Pupae—R. annae sp. nov. has abdominal segments A4–8 dorsally with a smaller number of spines (A4 with 3–
4 spines, A5 with 16–23 spines, A6 with 18–22 spines, A7 with 15–21 spines, and A8 with 2 spines) (Fig 8) than R.
imielinella (A4 with 10 spines, A5–A7 with 20–25 spines, A8 with 5–9 spines). The pupal head of the new species
has antennae (as long as 0.5 mm), distinctly longer than the height of the eyes (Fig 9), while the pupal antennae of
R. imielinella are shorter (0.3 mm), and reach usually the half of eye’s height (Malkiewicz et al. 2013).
Larval cases— length on average of R. annae sp. nov. is 7.2 mm and width on average 2.0 mm, while smaller
at R. imielinella (length on average 6.52 mm, width on average 1.9 mm) (Malkiewicz et al. 2013) and at R.
gertrudae (length 6.0 to 7.0 mm, width 2.0 mm) (Sieder 1962) (Fig 11).
Description. Adults. (n = 40) Parthenogenetic females wingless. Length 3.0 to 4.2 mm (average 3.4 mm),
width 0.9 to 1.3 mm (average 1.1 mm) (Figs 1–3).
Head. (Fig 4) Greyish with long, curled creamy hairs. Antennae (0.15 to 0.17 mm length) with three segments.
Eyes black, oval, 0.20 mm long and 0.13 mm wide. Labial and maxillary palpi absent (see Davis & Robinson 1998:
105).
Thorax. Segments sclerotized, brown, with long curled creamy hairs (Fig 5). Wings not visible. All legs
reduced, transparent, with distinct separate femur and tibia. All legs with one tarsal segment and paired brown
claws. Hind femur with cavity on dorsal side (Figs 4, 6).
Abdomen. Dorsally segments brownish, moderately sclerotized, A1–3 pigmented reddish. A3–6 with narrow
band, less than ½ the width of a segment. A7 wider, sclerotized (Fig 3). Ventral segments paler, less sclerotized, A7
with long curled white hairs prior to oviposition.
Genitalia. (Fig 7). Papillae anales membranous, rounded with short, white setae. Eighth segment rounded,
concave, sclerotized and setose. Ovipositor relatively short with three pairs of apophyses. Anterior apophyses
longer, thicker than posterior apophyses, about 1.1× their length. Pseudapophyses very short and thin, about 0.2×
the length of the posterior apophyses. Postvaginal plate densely covered with thick spines. Bursa copulatrix not
visible.
Larva. (Figs 12–13). (n = 10) Body length of L4 larvae on average 5.7 mm (smallest 5.2 mm, largest 6.3 mm),
width on average 1.4 mm (smallest 1.3 mm, largest 1.6 mm). Head well sclerotized, shiny black, hypognathous.
Thoracic segments shiny black to dark brown, well sclerotized, prothorax the widest (0.45 to 0.5 mm), mesothorax
the narrower (0.4 mm) and metathorax the narrowest (0.3 mm). Claws of thoracic legs brown, comparatively long,
moderately curved. Abdominal segments dorsally grey to cream coloured, A1–3 pigmented brown-to-reddish, A10
dark brown and slightly sclerotized. Crochets of all prolegs in elliptical uniordinal unbroken groups. Number of
crochets 13–22 (average 17).
Larval case. (Fig 11). (n = 125) Length on average 7.2 mm (50 % between 7.0–7.4 mm, smallest 6.3 mm,
largest 8.2 mm. Width on average 2.0 mm, (smallest 1.6 mm, largest 2.6 mm). Light greyish, covered with grass
and other plant debris placed longitudinally and almost of the same length.
Pupa. (Figs 8, 10). (n = 6) Length 4.0–4.7 mm, width 1.1–1.3 mm, pale brown, sclerotized with short, white
setae. Pupal head plate with four pairs of setae, antennae (0.5 mm) distinctly longer than eyes (Fig 9). Abdominal
segments A4–8 dorsally with anterior bands of transverse spines: A4 with 3–4 spines, A5 with 16–23 spines, A6
with 18–22 spines, A7 with 15–21 spines, and A8 with 2 spines gathered medially. A5 posteriorly with a second
row of 20–26 spines directed posteriorly (Fig 8). Abdominal segments ventrally without spines. Cremaster reduced
to small protuberances (Fig 10).
Type material. Holotype ♀: POLAND (CA 66), Katowice-Janów 9 V 2014 e.l., larva 29 III 2014, płot
betonowy [concrete fence], leg. Adam Larysz. Holotype is deposited in coll. Upper Silesian Museum (USMB),
Bytom, Poland, with catalogue number: USMB LEP0003/A1 (in 75% ethanol). The total number of paratypes is
145♀♀, deposited in the coll. Upper Silesian Museum (USMB), Bytom, Poland.
Paratypes ♀♀: same locality, all leg. Adam Larysz, all płot betonowy [concrete fence], material in 75%
ethanol: 6♀♀, 1 VI 2015 e.l., l. 16 V 2015; 10♀♀, 27 V 2014 e.l., l. 2 V 2014; 1♀+ case, 11 V 2014 e.l., l. 29 III
2014; 2♀♀, 31 V 2015 e.l., l. 16 V 2015; 1♀, 31 V 2015 e.l., l. 3 V 2015; 2♀♀, 22 V 2015 e.l., l. 5 V 2015; 1♀, 21
V 2015 e.l., l. 3 V 2015; 1♀, 6 V 2015 e.l., l. 25 III 2015; 1♀, 29 IV 2015 e.l., l. 25 III 2015; 1♀, 28 IV 2015 e.l., l.
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25 III 2015; 3♀♀, 28 V 2013 e.l., l. 9 V 2013; 2♀♀, 4 V 2014 e.l., l. 29 III 2014; 1♀, 3 V 2014 e.l., l. 16 III 2014;
1♀ + case, 8 V 2014 e.l., l. 29 III 2014; 6♀♀, 15 V 2014 e.l., l. 9 III 2014; 1♀, 24 V 2014. e.l., l. V 2014; 4♀♀, 20
V 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013; 3♀♀, 22 V 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013; 3♀♀, 23 V 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013; 1♀, 24 V 2013 e.l., l.
4 V 2013; 5♀♀, 30 V 2013 e.l., l. 9 V 2013; 4♀♀, 31 V 2013 e.l., l. 9 V 2013; 4♀♀, 26 V 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013;
2♀♀, 28 V 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013; 3♀♀, 1 VI 2013 e.l., l. 9 V 2013; 2♀♀, 2 VI 2013 e.l., l. 9 V 2013; 2♀♀, 5 VI
2013 e.l., l. 23 V 2013; 3♀♀, 6 VI 2013 e.l., l. 23 V 2013; 6♀♀, 7 VI 2013 e.l., l. 23 V 2013; 6♀♀, 8 VI 2013 e.l.,
l. 23 V 2013; 1♀, 8 VI 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013; 6♀♀, 9 VI 2013 e.l., l. 23 V 2013; 5♀♀, 10 VI 2013 e.l., l. 23 V
2013; 1♀, 10 VI 2013 e.l., l. 29 V 2013; 2♀♀, 11 VI 2013 e.l., l. 29 V 2013; 4♀♀, 12 VI 2013 e.l., l. 29 V 2013;
2♀♀, 12 VI 2013 e.l., l. 23 V 2013; 3♀♀, 13 VI 2013 e.l., l. 29 V 2013.
FIGURE 14. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. Type locality in Katowice, 9 V 2013 (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 15. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. Type locality in Katowice: ruderal meadow with xerophilic mosses, 9 V 2013 (photo
A. Larysz).
FIGURE 16. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. Larva in larval case climbing up the concrete fence, 5 V 2013 (photo A. Larysz).
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LARYSZ
Paratypes of larvae (in 75% ethanol): same locality, all leg. Adam Larysz, 13 larvae L4, 4 V 2013, płot
betonowy [concrete fence]; 2 larvae L4 + 1 case, 3 VI 2015, płot betonowy [concrete fence]; 1 larva L4, 30 V 2015,
płot betonowy [concrete fence]. Paratypes of larvae (dry): 10 larvae L4 + 10 cases, 23 V 2013, płot betonowy
[concrete fence]; 1 larva L4 + 1 case, 15 VI 2013, na mchu [on moss].
Paratypes of pupae (in 75% ethanol): same locality, all leg. Adam Larysz, 5 pupae, 27 V 2013 e.l., l. 4 V 2013,
płot betonowy [concrete fence]; 1 pupa, 14 V 2014, płot betonowy [concrete fence].
Etymology. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. is dedicated to my beloved wife Anna.
Distribution. Known only from Katowice (50° 15' 14"N 19° 04' 56"E), Upper Silesia, southern Poland. The
altitude of the type locality is 270 m.
Habitat. The habitat of R. annae sp. nov. is situated near the Katowice—Kraków road. It is an industrial
habitat with a dry, ruderal meadow supporting mainly Achillea millefolium (L.), Hieracium pilosella L., Cardamine
pratensis L., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg., Poa annua L., Solidago sp., Verbascum sp., Calamagrostis sp.
There are also xerophilic mosses and various grasses (Figs 14–15).
Eight further psychid species were found at this site: Epichnopterix plumella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775),
Dahlica triquetrella (Hübner, 1813), Acanthopsyche atra (Linnaeus, 1767), Apterona helicoidella (Vallot, 1827),
Sterrhopterix fusca (Haworth, 1809), Proutia betulina (Zeller, 1839), Psyche casta (Pallas, 1767) and Taleporia
tubulosa (Retzius, 1783).
Life history. The biology is similar to that of R. imielinella (Malkiewicz et al. 2013). After hibernation, the
larvae in their cases appeared from March until June (the earliest finding was on 9th March, the latest on 3rd June).
They were most abundant in mid-May. Most of the larvae were found climbing up the concrete fence on sunny
days (Fig 16). A few cases with inactive larvae were found in early spring among low vegetation between mosses
(Fig 15). A number of larvae were collected for breeding in captivity. The larvae accepted Taraxacum officinale
F.H. Wigg. as a food plant. After having finished their growth, the larvae pupated on the walls of the breeding
container, to which they had attached themselves with silken threads. Some larvae, in the last instar, left their bags
and did not build a new one, and subsequently died. The pupal stage lasted about 10–16 days. Hatching of females
was sometimes observed as they emerged from the cases, laying about 20–30 eggs in the pupal exuvia. No male
hatched during the breeding. The young larvae hatched from the eggs after 20–25 days and built cases for
themselves from the material of the mother’s case. Hibernation takes place during the mature larval stage. In the
spring, these resumed feeding for a short time, after which they completed their development and pupated.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Peter Hättenschwiler (Uster, Switzerland) and Wilfried Arnscheid (Bochum, Germany) for
our discussions about the new species, Prof. Jarosław Buszko (Toruń, Poland) and Dr hab. Jacek Szwedo (Gdańsk,
Poland) for their comments on the manuscript, Mrs. Krystyna Holeksa for identifying the plants from the locus
typicus, Waldemar Żyła (USMB) for preparing drawings and Peter Senn (Gdynia, Poland) for his help with the
English version of the manuscript.
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