eiSSN: 2284-4880 (online version) piSSN: 0429-288X (print version) Fragmenta entomologica, 48 (2): 153-168 (2016) Research article Submitted: November 14th, 2016 - Accepted: December 8th, 2016 - Published: December 31st, 2016 A review of geographical distribution of the stag beetles in Mediterranean countries (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) Luca BartoLozzi 1,*, Margherita NorBiato 1, Fabio CiaNFeroNi 1,2 1 Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze - Via Romana 17, I-50125 Firenze, Italy luca.bartolozzi@unii.it - margherita.norbiato@libero.it - fabio.cianferoni@unii.it 2 Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IBAF) - Via Salaria km 29,300, I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy * Corresponding author Abstract a list of recent records of stag beetles (Coleoptera Lucanidae) species occurring in Mediterranean countries is given to improve the current knowledge on their geographic distribution. the saproxylic larvae of the stag beetles are very important for forest ecosystems, and some lucanid species are included in the iUCN red List and in several national protection lists. However, the knowledge on their distribution is rather heterogeneous for several countries and taxa because the distribution records are scattered in poorly known papers or hidden in Museum or private collections. this paper is an attempt to better understanding the distribution of the stag beetle species across the Mediterranean region, to facilitate research and conservation efforts. Key words: Mediterranean region, biogeography, biodiversity conservation, saproxylic beetles, forest ecosystems. light of modern accepted systematics. this is, for instance, one of the problems of large world databases (e.g. GBiF). in some cases, specimens with location data exist but are hidden in natural history museums or private collections, and not accessible to researchers, if not digitized (which is rarely the case, unfortunately). this paper gives a contribution to improve the distribution of stag beetles across the Mediterranean region and includes both recent bibliographic quotations and new additional records. Introduction the most important and speciose groups of insects related to dead or decaying wood are included in the order Coleoptera. the role and importance of saproxylic beetles have been largely discussed (e.g. Carpaneto et al. 2015b) and we refer to that article for further reading on this subject. the Mediterranean species of saproxylic beetles are now the focus of a dedicated iUCN red List (in preparation). During a recent workshop on Saproxylic beetle assessment (alicante, Spain, November 30th - December 3rd 2015) the participants became aware of the great dificulty in preparing updated distribution maps for either species or countries where the available data are scarce or absent, and even more dificult was to provide population estimations and trends. Lucanidae are one of the most specialized families of saproxylic beetles, because they are mostly saproxylophagous at larval stage and thus extremely important for forest ecosystems. For this reason some of them (5 genera, 20 species) are included in the iUCN european red List and other species igure in several national protection lists. Despite their usually large size, data on the geographical distribution of many species and countries are poor. Moreover, problems in taxonomic delimitation of many species need a careful veriication of their distribution range at the Materials and methods We provide a list of the stag beetles species till now recorded for every nation facing the Mediterranean Sea, and shortly discuss the current knowledge on their distribution within the country. For the countries where the situation is rather well known, we only quote the most recent literature data, whilst we give unpublished additional records for the countries where the available data are scarce. Countries are listed from West to east, starting from Spain to turkey, for the northern coast of the Mediterranean, and from east to West, from Syria to Morocco, for the southern coast. only the nations reaching the sea with a part of their territory have been included. Nomenclature follows the most recent published Cat- 153 Bartolozzi et al. Table 1 – Current scientiic names and taxonomic status of each treated Mediterranean species and subspecies, with author’s names and year of publication. alogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Bartolozzi et al. 2016). Refer to Table 1 for current scientiic names and taxonomic status of each treated species and subspecies, as well as for author’s names and year of publication. the additional records are listed alphabetically by locality names; when possible, the original label data have been translated in english. the locality names of the additional records have been georeferenced and listed in table 2. Geographic coordinates are in decimal degrees (DD) with datum WGS84; number of decimal places vary according to the accuracy of labels. We examined material from various museums and private collections, indicated by the abbreviations below: CaB Collection alberto Ballerio, Brescia, italy Ceo Collection eylon orbach, Qiryat tivon, israel CFa Collection Fernando angelini, Francavilla Fontana (Brindisi), italy CJK Collection Jacek Hilszcanski, Forest research institute, raszyn, Poland CKDS Collection Klaus-Dirk Schenk, Wehretal, Germany CLB Collection Luca Bartolozzi, Florence, italy CPL Collection Piero Leo, Cagliari, italy irSNB institut royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium MCCi Museo Civico di Carmagnola (turin), italy MrSN Museo regionale di Scienze Naturali, turin, italy MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genua, italy MSNM Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milan, italy MUzr Museo di zoologia, University of rome, italy MzUF Museo di Storia Naturale, University of Florence, italy Aesalus scarabaeoides meridionalis Bartolozzi, 1989 Aesalus scarabaeoides scarabaeoides (Panzer, 1793) Aesalus scarabaeoides siculus Baviera, 2008 Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth, 1785) Dorcus alexisi Muret & Drumont, 1999 Dorcus musimon Gené, 1836 Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lucanus barbarossa (Fabricius, 1801) Lucanus busignyi Planet, 1909 Lucanus cervus akbesianus Planet, 1896 Lucanus cervus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lucanus cervus judaicus Planet, 1902 Lucanus ibericus ibericus Motschulsky, 1845 Lucanus ibericus subvelutinus Motschulsky, 1870 Lucanus laticornis Deyrolle, 1864 Lucanus macrophyllus Kraatz, 1860 Lucanus orientalis Kraatz, 1860 Lucanus pontbrianti (Mulsant, 1839) Lucanus tetraodon provincialis Colas, 1949 Lucanus tetraodon serraticornis Fairmaire, 1859 Lucanus tetraodon sicilianus Planet, 1899 Lucanus tetraodon tetraodon thunberg, 1806 Platycerus caprea (De Geer, 1774) Platycerus caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758) Platycerus caucasicus Pary, 1864 Platycerus delagrangei Fairmaire, 1892 Platycerus primigenius e. Weise, 1860 Results Platycerus pseudocaprea Paulus, 1970 Platycerus spinifer Schaufuss, 1862 Spain the knowledge on the stag beetles distribution in Spain can be considered good for most of the stag beetle species, and there is a Working Group especially devoted to the study of this family: the “Grupo de trabajo sobre Lucanidae ibéricos”. in the last years, after the publication of the volume of Fauna iberica (López Cólon 2000), the stag beetle fauna of Spain has been intensively investigated (e.g. Navarro García 2000; Baena et al. 2001; Pérez-Bote et al. 2001; Grupo de trabajo sobre Lucanidae ibéricos 2003, 2006; recalde et al. 2006; Méndez iglesias 2007; Muñoz-Batet et al. 2007; San Martín Moreno & recalde irurzun 2008; torrella allegue 2009; agoiz-Bustamante & Blázquez Caselles 2011; Barreda 2011; López-Pérez 2011; Gómez de Dios et al. 2014; López-Septiem et al. 2014; Viñolas et al. 2014). the species quoted in the Volume 14th of Fauna iberica (López Cólon 2000) were nine: Aesalus scarabaeoides Sinodendron cylindricum (Linnaeus, 1758) scarabaeoides, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, L. barbarossa, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides, and P. spinifer. More recently, this number was increased to eleven, thanks to new records for Spain of Lucanus pontbrianti (Fernández de Gamboa & Garzón 2009) and L. tetraodon (Beltrán & Beltrán 2009). the eleven species are also quoted by Bartolozzi et al. (2016). France the knowledge on the stag beetle distribution in France is rather good, thanks to the recent volume of the “Catalogue des Coléoptères de France” (Boucher 2014, in: tronquet 2014), where 12 species (with two endemic subspecies) are listed (Aesalus scarabaeoides scarabaeoides, 154 Circum-Mediterranean Lucanidae Table 2 – Gazeteer and coordinates of the additional records. Country Original label Toponym Long. N Lat. E albania Central tiranë prov., Mal i Dajtit Mount Dajt 41.36 19.92 algeria Bou Berak, Kabilye Djebel Bou Berak (mount), Sidi Dawed, 36.8 3.8 36.6 4.5 36 4 Boumerdès algeria el Kseur, akfadou forest, 1250-1360 m akfadou Forest (1250-1360 m), idjeur, tizi algeria Grande Kabilye “Grande Kabylie”, tizi ouzou algeria Grand Kabyle, Yakouren, 700-850 m Yakouren (700-850 m) 36.7 4.4 algeria Grand Kabyle, Yakouren, tala N’ rbia, Yakouren, tala-n-rbia (850 m) 36.71 4.42 akfadou forest, tala Kitane (1100 m) 36.68 3.56 ouzou 850 m algeria Grand Kabyle, akfadou forest, tala Kitan, 1100 m algeria Grand Kabyle, Yakouren, tagma hill, 950 m Yakouren, tagma hill (950 m) 36.72 4.48 algeria Jijel, Guerrouch forest, 900 m Guerrouch Forest (900 m), Selma Ben ziada, 36.6 5.6 Jijel algeria Kabilye, Dayren Kabylia 36 4 algeria Laverdure Laverdure, Mechroha 36.35 7.83 algeria tamanart tamanart, Skikda 37.0 6.5 algeria tizi-ouzou, akfadou, 1000 m akfadou (1000 m), tizi ouzou 36.6 4.5 Bosnia and Metaljica Pass Metaljica 43.6 17.9 Starigrad Nat. Park Paklemia Paklenica National Park, Starigrad 44.3 15.4 Croatia Velebit, Gospic Velebit, Gospić 44.5 15.2 Croatia Velebit Mts Velebit (mountains) 44.5 15.2 Croatia Velebit Mts, Plitvica Velebit (mountains), Plitvička 44.8 15.6 Cyprus 1 km S of village Kidasi Kidasi (1 km S) 34.79 32.71 Greece achaia, Kalevryta surr. Kalavryta (sourroundings), achaea 38.03 22.10 Greece aetolia, akarnania, Lessini Lesini, etolia-akarnania 38.45 21.23 Greece e Macedonia, Drama, Volakas Sky Center, Volakas (1500 m), Drama 41.3 24.0 Herzegovina Croatia 1500 m Greece e Macedonia, evros, Mega Derio, 300 m Mega Derio (300 m), evros 41.23 26.02 Greece E Macedonia, Evros, Souli, banks river Maritsa (or Evros) River, Souli, Evros 41.18 26.32 Greece epirus, ioannina, Kidonia, 700m Kleidonia (700 m), ioannina 39.98 20.66 Greece epirus, ioannina, W Pigon lake, 1500 m Mountains W of ioannina Lake (1500 m), 39.5 20.7 Greece Fthiotida, oxià, road Gardiki-Grammeni Mount Grammeni oxia (1600 m) 38.7 22.0 Greece igoumenitza, Parapotamos Parapotamos, igoumenitsa 39.54 20.32 Greece ioannina, amphitea, Ne shore ioannina lake Lake Ioannina, Amithea 39.68 20.86 Greece ioannina, Katára, 1500 m Katara (1500 m), ioannina 39.7 21.1 Greece ioannina, Neraida Neraida, trikala 39.4 21.2 Greece ioannina, zagoria, aoos, 700 m aoos National Park, zagoria 39.9 20.7 Greece Kalampaka Kalabaka 39.70 21.72 Greece Kavala, Pangeo Mts, 1300 m, near Pangaion Hills (1300 m) 40.9 24.1 Greece Kilkis, Paiko, road to Livadia, 1100 m Mount Paiko (1100 m), road to Livadia, 40.96 22.34 evros ioannina oxià, fagetum, 1600 m, northern slope akrouvounion Kilkis continued 155 Bartolozzi et al. Country Original label Toponym Long. N Lat. E Greece Larissa, ossa Mt. e slope, 1200 m Greece Macedonia, thassos island, Maries Mount ossa (1200 m), east slope 39.80 22.72 thasos island, Maries 40.6 24.6 Greece Greece Meteora Meteora, Kalabaka, thessalia 39.72 21.63 olympos Mt., 600 m Mount olympus (600 m) 40.0 22.3 Greece ossa Mt. Mount ossa 39.7 22.6 Greece ossa Mts, W Stomio, 500-800 m ossa Mountains (500-800 m), W of Stomio 39.84 22.70 Greece Peloponnese, Mani, Stoupa Stoupa, Peloponnese 36.84 22.25 Greece Peloponnese, Sparti, taigetos Mt., 1400-2200 m Mount taygetus (1400-2200 m) 36.9 22.3 Greece thesprotia, Koritiani Koritiani, thesprotia 39.50 20.37 Greece thessalia, Kranea, 1000 m Krania (1000 m), thessalia 39.61 21.34 Greece thessalia, Larissa regional Unit, ossa Mt., Mount ossa (800 m) 39.7 22.6 800 m Greece thessalia, olympos Mt. (Litòkoro), 900 m Mount olympus (900 m), W of Litochoro 40.09 22.42 Greece thessalia, trikala, Meteora Meteora, Kalabaka, thessalia 39.72 21.63 Greece Volos, Pilion, 1200 m Mount Pelion (1200 m), Volos 39.4 23.0 israel Golan Heights, odem forest Golan Heights, odem forest 33.19 35.74 Lebanon a’akkar, Beit-ayoub, 1200 m Beit ayoub (1200 m), a’akkar 34.47 36.16 Lebanon Lebanon Gov., Beskinta, caza Metn, 1300 m Baskinta (Beskinta) (1300 m), Matn (Metn) 33.94 35.78 Lebanon Lebanon Gov., Qartaba, caza Jbail, 1200 m Qartaba (1200 m), Jbail (Jbeil) 34.09 35.85 Morocco Kenitra, Mamora forest Mamora Forest (Ghabat al Ma’mora), 34.0 -6.3 ifrane (10 km S), Fès-Meknès 33.4 -5.1 Kenitra Morocco Meknes region, ifrane Province, 10 km S Morocco Middle atlas, azrou azrou, ifrane, Fès-Meknès 33.4 -5.2 Morocco Middle atlas, ifrane ifrane, Fès-Meknès 33.5 -5.1 Morocco Middle atlas, ifrane, 1500 m ifran (ifrane) (1500 m), Fès-Meknès 33.5 -5.1 Morocco talassemtane, rif, 1800 m talassemtane National Park (1800 m) 35.1 -5.1 Morocco tanger tangier 35.7 -5.8 Slovenia Kocevje Kocevje 45.6 14.8 Slovenia trnovo forest trnovo forest 45.9 13.8 Syria Massah Kanli Massah Kanli 36.7 36.6 Syria near akbes (ikbis) Maydān Akbis (sourroudings) 36.8 36.6 tunisia ain Draham aïn Draham (ayn Darahim) 36.77 8.68 tunisia ain Draham, 800 m aïn Draham (ayn Darahim) (800 m) 36.7 8.6 tunisia ain-Draham, Djebel Bir, eastern side aïn Draham (ayn Darahim) 36.7 8.6 tunisia Camp des Chenes (25 km S tabarka) tabarka (25 km S) 36.7 8.7 tunisia Sfax Sfax 34.7 10.7 tunisia tabarka, ain Sebaa aïn Sebaa, tabarka 36.95 8.92 turkey adana adana 36.9 35.3 turkey adana, Nur Daglan, Yarpuz, 400-600 m Yarpuz (400-600 m), adana 37.09 36.49 turkey akcali Daglari, 20 km N of aydincik, 1250 m Akçalı mountains, 20 km N of Aydıncık 36.3 33.3 ifrane (1250 m) turkey [formerly] Syria, amanus amanus Mountains [Nur Mountains] 36.7 36.3 turkey anatolia, elmali Elmalı, Antalya 36.73 29.91 turkey C anatolia, W Nevshehir, Göreme Göreme, Nevşehir 38.6 34.8 turkey N anatolia, akpinar forest, Sansun, 800 m Akpınar (800 m), Samsun 41.3 35.2 turkey N anatolia, almus almus, tokat 40.37 36.90 turkey N anatolia, Konacik (Giresun) Konacık, Giresun 40.9 38.3 continued 156 Circum-Mediterranean Lucanidae Country Original label Toponym Long. N Lat. E turkey N Anatolia, Kӧse, 1850 m turkey N anatolia, Kulak (ordu) Köse (1850 m), Gümüşhane 40.2 39.6 ordu 40.9 37.9 turkey turkey N anatolia, Mengen Mengen 40.93 32.07 N anatolia, Puskedagi, erzincam, 2100 m Mount Puske (2100 m) 40.0 39.9 turkey N anatolia, Sapanca Sapanca 40.68 30.26 turkey N anatolia, Unye, 300 m Ünye, ordu (300 m) 41.07 37.25 turkey N of Karaduk, Nemrud Dag Mount Nemrut, N of Karadut 37.9 38.7 turkey Ne anatolia, ispir (erturum), 1000 m İspir (1000 m), Erzurum 40.4 41.0 turkey S anatolia, Çamliyayla (Mersin), 1100 m Çamlıyayla (1110 m), Mersin 37.16 34.59 turkey S anatolia, hill S of aglasun (Burdur), 1090 m S of Ağlasun (1090 m), Burdur 37.6 30.5 turkey S anatolia, ovacik Dag (Konya), 1300 m Ovacık mount, Konya 37.8 32.3 turkey S anatolia, pass 30 km N of Kahramanmaras 30 km N of Kahramanmaraş 37.8 36.9 turkey S anatolia, S of Beyschir (Konya), 1200 m S of Beyşehir (1200 m), Konya 37.6 31.7 turkey S anatolia, S of Seydisheir (Konya), 1500 m S of Seydişehir (1500 m), Konya 37.3 31.8 turkey SW anatolia, hill 30 km Ne of Mugla, 800 m 30 km NE of Muğla (hill, 800 m) 37.4 28.2 turkey SW anatolia, Karabel (Mugla), 1300 m Karabel (1300 m), Muğla 36.79 29.50 turkey W Anatolia, Gӧlcuk (Mugla), 750 m Gölcük (750 m), Muğla 37.13 28.54 turkey W Anatolia, Yenişarbademli Yenişarbademli, Isparta 37.70 31.38 turkey aslanli, 15 km NW erdemli Arslanlı, Erdemli 36.68 34.14 turkey egirdir Eğirdir 37.87 30.85 turkey Fethyie, Yaniklar Yanıklar, Fethiye 36.70 29.05 turkey Hatay Prov., Dortyol, Topaktaş vill., 1200 m Topaktaş (1200 m), Dörtyol, Hatay 36.8 36.3 turkey Mudurnu Mudurnu, Bolu 40.46 31.21 turkey Mugla (Fethiye) Fethiye, Muğla 36.6 29.1 turkey Sivas Province, Koyulhisar, 10 km N road for Koyulhisar (10 km N road for Mesudiye) 40.3 37.8 36.8 31.8 Mesudiye turkey South taurus, 30 km NW alanya, 1150 m 30 km NW alanya (1150 m) turkey surr. Bahce Bahçe (sourroundings) 37.1 36.5 turkey surr. Belen Belen (sourroundigs), Hatay 36.48 36.19 turkey surr. incekum İncekum (sourroundings) 36.6 31.7 turkey surr. Kozan Kozan (sourroundings) 37.4 35.8 turkey surr. Silifke Silifke, Mersin 36.37 33.92 turkey surroundings of Ciftehan, S of alihoca village, surroundings of Ciftehan, S of alihoca 37.51 34.78 Bolkar Daglari, 950 m turkey tunceli Prov., 20 km N tunceli 20 km N of tunceli 39.2 39.5 turkey turkey, Mardin, Hop Geçidi, 1100 m Hop Geçidi (pass), Mardin 37.36 40.84 turkey artvin Province, surr. Borçka, 200 m Borçka (sourroundings) (200 m), artvin 41.36 41.67 turkey Bolu Province, between Konuralp and between Konuralp and akçakoca, Bolu 41.0 31.1 29.25 akçakoca turkey istanbul Province, surr. resadiye (alemdag) Reşadiye, Alemdağ 41.07 turkey izmit Province, Masukiye, Kelpete, 1150 m Keltepe (1150 m), Maşukiye, Kartepe 40.6 30.1 turkey Kastamonu Province, Yaraligӧz Mts, pass, NE Devrekani, Yaraligӧz Mts, pass 41.77 34.06 turkey ordu Province, akkus forest, 1400 m Akkuş forest (1400 m), Ordu 40.7 37.0 turkey tokat Province, Dumanli orman, 1200 m Dumanlı forest (1200 m), Tokat 40.3 36.8 turkey tokat Province, Mamo orman, 1100 m Mamo forest (1100 m), tokat 40.3 36.8 (1300 m) 1300 m 157 Bartolozzi et al. bio Pellice and Castellar in Piedmont region (Bartolozzi 1986a; Dutto 2005), trentino-alto adige region (Franciscolo 1997), Ciaurlec Mount and tarnova Forest in Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (Bartolozzi 1994; Franciscolo 1997), Castel Porziano in Latium region (Maltzeff 1998; Carpaneto et al. 1998, 2001), National Park of Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona and Campigna in emilia-romagna region (Contarini & Mingazzini 2013), whilst the subspecies A. s. meridionalis is only known from Policoro wood in Basilicata region (Bartolozzi 1989; Bartolozzi & Maggini 2007), and the subspecies A. s. siculus is endemic to the Peloritani Mountains in Sicily region (Baviera 2008). in the red List of italian Saproxylic Beetles, Carpaneto et al. (2015a) included the nominal subspecies in the eN (endangered) category, whilst the two subspecies are listed as Cr (Critically endangered). Concerning Lucanus cervus and L. tetraodon (Fig. 2 a), the irst one is distributed in northern and central Italy, whilst the second one is mostly a southern species (with its subspecies L. t. sicilianus endemic to Sicily) (Fig. 2 b). One of the most surprising recent indings has been the discovery of a stable population of Lucanus tetraodon in northern italy, in the river ticino area (zilioli & Pittino 2004). See below under taxonomic remarks for a short discussion about the taxonomic problems involving this couple of species in central italy. Not less surprising was the discovery - after 150 years from the irst and unique quotation for central Italy (Bartolozzi 1986b; Franciscolo 1997) - of specimens of Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Fig. 3) in the National Park of Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona and Campigna (Bartolozzi et al. 2008; Cianferoni et al. 2009; Contarini & Mingazzini 2013; Ceccolini & Norbiato 2015) in the apennine Mountains between tuscany and emilia-romagna regions. C. chrysomelinus is a so-called “Urwald relict species” (Müller et al. 2005) and it is known in italy only for other few localities in Piedmont, trentino-alto adige and FriuliVenezia Giulia regions (Franciscolo 1997; Gatti & Nardi 2005; Bartolozzi & Maggini 2007). the species is included in several european red lists (e.g. Kahlen et al. 1994; Brechtel & Kostenbader 2002; telnov 2005); in the red List of italian Saproxylic Beetles it has been included in the eN (endangered) category (Carpaneto et al. 2014, 2015a). Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus. Lucanus barbarossa, L. cervus cervus, L. pontbrianti, L. tetraodon provincialis (Fig. 2 c), L. tetraodon serraticornis, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides, P. pseudocaprea, and P. spinifer) and their distribution discussed. the most important quotation is the presence of a third species of Lucanus in France: Lucanus pontbrianti (Fig. 1), which was previously confused with L. cervus and placed among its synonyms (see below in taxonomic remarks). Italy Some papers have been recently devoted to the italian distribution of Lucanidae (Carpaneto & Piattella 1995, Bartolozzi & Maggini 2007; Harvey et al. 2011; Cortellessa et al. 2014). the known species are nine (Aesalus scarabaeoides, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus musimon, D. parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, L. tetraodon, Platycerus caprea, and P. caraboides): some are quite common and widely distributed (e.g. D. parallelipipedus), others are rarer and localised (A. scarabaeoides, C. chrysomelinus). Concerning A. scarabaeoides, the species is present in italy with three subspecies (A. scarabaeoides scarabaeoides, A. s. meridionalis and A. s. siculus). the nominal subspecies is known from a few scattered localities: Bob- Slovenia Brelih et al. (2010) quoted seven stag beetle species for the country, listing all their known localities: Aesalus scarabaeoides scarabaeoides, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides. they also erased Dorcus peyronis, from the list of Slovenian Lucanidae. the same seven species are quoted by Bartolozzi et al. (2016). Concerning Aesalus s. scarabaeoides Brelih et al. (2010) wrote that “in Slovenia, this smallest stag bee- Fig. 1 – Lucanus pontbrianti. Male specimen from France, Var department, La Cadière, 24 Jun 2006, r. Minetti lgt (CLB); body size 42 mm. Photo by Saulo Bambi. 158 Circum-Mediterranean Lucanidae a b c Fig. 2 – Lucanus tetraodon ssp. - a) L. tetraodon tetraodon. Male specimen from italy, Calabria, Capistrano (Cosenza province), 8001000 m, beech forest, aug 1990, i. Bonato lgt (CLB); body size 38 mm. b) L. tetraodon sicilianus. Male specimen from italy, Sicily, Nebrodi Mts, Portella Femmina Morta (Messina province), 850 m, Jun 1967, S. Bruno lgt (CLB); body size 43 mm. c) L. tetraodon provincialis. Male specimen from France, Var department, Janas forest, 6 Jul 2010, r. Minetti lgt (CLB); body size 40 mm. Photos by Saulo Bambi. Fig. 3 – Ceruchus chrysomelinus is rare in Mediterranean countries, although less infrequent in mature forest habitats of Central europe. Male specimen from Czech Republic, Bohemia bor., Děčín, Růžová env., Růžovský vrch mt., 8 Jun 2010; body size ca. 15 mm. Photo by Pavel Krásenský. 159 Bartolozzi et al. tle is nowadays extremely rare” and that “the last specimens known to us [...] from Slovenia were caught in 1995 in a pheromonic trap for bark beetles in trnovski gozd”. the populations of Sinodendron cylindricum, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides and Dorcus parallelipipedus have stable abundances and densities; whilst “in spite of the numerous gathered data from the latest period, it has become clear that the density of its [Lucanus cervus] population is in decline”. Vrezec et al. (2011) also discussed the distribution and conservation status of L. cervus in Slovenia. Montenegro Král (2015) quoted Dorcus parallelipipedus (Mojkovac, Bjelasica Mts, Biogradsko Lake, 15 Jun 2006) and Platycerus caraboides (Mojkovac, Bjelasica Mts, Biogradsko Lake, 15 Jun 2006, and trešnjevik, Komovi Mts, forested area below Vasoljevički Kom, 1500-1750 m, 11-12 Jun 2006) as irst records of these species for Montenegro. Bartolozzi et al. (2016) listed ive species for the country: Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides. Albania Král (2015) quotes Dorcus parallelipipedus (Kukës County, Valbonë Mts, Kikaj Maskollata env., 42°27’N 19°56’e, ca 700-800 m, 29 Jun 2011) and Platycerus caraboides (Kukës County, Valbonë Mts, Kikaj Maskollata env., 42°27’N 19°56’e, ca 700-800 m, 27-29 Jun 2011 and albanian alps, Valbona, Kukaj Valley, ca 1700 m, 7 Jul 2012) as irst records of these species for the country. Bartolozzi et al. (2016) listed a total of six species of Lucanidae for this nation: Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, L. tetraodon tetraodon, L. ibericus ibericus, Platycerus caraboides. However, the correct identiication of the specimens quoted under the names of L. tetraodon and L. ibericus (e.g. by Baraud 1993) should be carefully veriied. We had not the opportunity to examine specimens of these species collected from albania. additional records Ceruchus chrysomelinus - Kocevje, 29 Jun 1994, egger, lgt, 1 ♂ (CAB). Lucanus cervus cervus - trnovo forest, Jul 1976, zargani lgt, 1 ♂ (MCCI). Platycerus caraboides - trnovo forest, Mar 1971, zargani lgt, 1 ♂ (MCCI). Croatia Baraud (1993) and Bartolozzi et al. (2016) quoted seven species of stag beetles for this country: Aesalus scarabaeoides scarabaeoides, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides. Several records can be found in Franciscolo (1997). Koren et al. (2010) quoted Dorcus parallelipipedus for the island of Žut; Koren & Trkov (2015) quoted D. parallelipipedus and Lucanus cervus cervus for the island of Cres. additional records Lucanus cervus cervus - Central tiranë prov., Mal i Dajtit, wine traps, 16-24 Jun 2007, P. rapuzzi & G. Sama lgt, ex coll. P. Rapuzzi, 1 ♂ (CLB). additional records Dorcus parallelipipedus - Velebit, Gospic, aug 1975, zargani lgt, 1 ♂ (MCCI); Velebit Mts, 21 Jun 1982, M. Berra lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Starigrad Nat. Park Paklemia, 13 Aug 1977, Erber lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB). Lucanus cervus cervus - Velebit Mts, Plitvica, aug 1955, J.M. Vrijdagh lgt, 1 ♀ (IRSNB). Greece Bartolozzi et al. (2016) listed only six stag beetle species for the country: Dorcus parallelipipedus, D. peyronis, Lucanus cervus cervus, L. tetraodon tetraodon, L. ibericus ibericus, Platycerus caraboides. Concerning Lucanus tetraodon and L. ibericus, see the remarks given for the same species records in albania. Moreover, Sinodendron cylindricum was quoted of Greece by Franciscolo (1997), who misinterpreted a sentence of Horion (1958) “auf der ganzen Balkanhalbinsel ausser Bulgarien und Griechenland bekannt, nach Miksic 1955;” (ausser = except), and therefore was not considered from Greece by Bartolozzi et al. (2016). Nevertheless, the additional records hereafter reported, all from mountain areas, seem to be the irst records for S. cylindricum in Greece. Bosnia and Herzegovina Mikšic dedicated several papers to the Lamellicornia of ex-Yugoslavia (Mikšic 1955, 1959, 1970, 1984), with seven species quoted for Bosnia and Herzegovina: Aesalus scarabaeoides scarabaeoides, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Sinodendron cylindricum, Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus cervus, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides (Baraud 1993; Bartolozzi et al. 2016). Lelo & Kašić-Lelo (2009) gave distributional maps for the stag beetle species in the country but where unable to ind any precise location for Platycerus caprea and Ceruchus chrysomelinus; Lelo et al. (2010) gave morphological remarks and locality records for Lucanus cervus. additional records Sinodendron cylindricum - epirus, ioannina, W Pigon lake, 1500 m, 21 May-14 Jun 2007, vinegar trap, F. angelini lgt, 1 ♂ (CFA); Ioannina, Katára, 1500 m, 25-28 Jun 1981, E. Colonnelli lgt, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MUZR, CLB); Ioannina, Zagoria, Aoos, 700 m, Aug 1982, S. Bruno lgt, 1 ♀ additional records Ceruchus chrysomelinus - Metaljica Pass, 5 Nov 1971, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♂ (MCCI). 160 Circum-Mediterranean Lucanidae (MUzr); Kavala, Pangeo Mts, 1300 m, near akrouvounion, 4 May 1982, A. Vigna lgt, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MUZR, CLB); same locality and date, G. Boffa, a. Casale, P. Cavazzuti, P.M. Giachino, P.L. Scaramozzino leg, 1 ♂ (CLB); Kilkis, Paiko, road to Livadia, 1100 m, 16 Jun 1993, P.M. Giachino & D. Vailati lgt, 1 ♂ (MSNG); Thessalia, Olympos Mt. (Litòkoro), 900 m, 12 Jul 1983, a. Console lgt, 1 ♀ (CLB); Volos, Pilion, 1200 m, Sep 1992, G. Sama lgt, 3 ♀♀ (CLB). Dorcus parallelipipedus - achaia, Kalevryta surr., 17-21 Jun 1998, A. Angelini lgt, 2 ♀♀ (MZUF coll. n° 18046); aetolia, akarnania, Lessini, 30 apr 1999, a. angelini lgt, 5 ♂♂ (MZUF coll. n° 18045); same locality, 1 Jun 1999, A. Angelini lgt, 1 ♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18049); Epirus, Ioannina, Kidonia, 700 m, vinegar trap, 20 May-14 Jun 2007, A. Angelini lgt, 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18041); Ioannina, Katára, 1500 m, 25-28 Jun 1981, e. Colonnelli lgt, 2 ♂♂ (MUZR); Ioannina, Neraida, 8 Nov 1981, A. Vigna lgt, 4 ♂♂ (MUZR, CLB); Ioannina, Amphitea, NE shore ioannina lake, 8 Nov 1981, a. Vigna & S. Bruschi lgt, 6 ♂♂ (MUZR, CLB); Fthiotida, Oxià, road Gardiki-Grammeni oxià, fagetum, 1600 m, northern slope, 10 Jun 1995, P.M. Giachino, D. Vailati, M. Daccordi lgt, 1 ♂ (MSNG); Kavala, Pangeo Mts, 1300 m, near akrovounion, 4 May 1982, M. Zapparoli lgt, 2 ♂♂, (MUZR, CLB); Macedonia, Thassos island, Maries, 13 Aug 2008, L. Fancello lgt, 1 ♂ (MSNG); E Macedonia, Evros, Souli, banks river Evros, 27 May 2007, F. Angelini lgt, 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18042); e Macedonia, evros, Mega Derio, 300 m, 29 May 2007, F. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂ (MZUF, coll. n° 18043); e Macedonia, Drama, Volakas Sky Center, 1500 m, 3 Jun 2007, A. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18050); Peloponnese, Sparti, taigetos Mt., 1400-2200 m, 6-9 aug 1980, P. Audisio & M.C. Angelici lgt, 3 ♂♂ (MUZR); Peloponnese, Mani, Stoupa, 10 Jun 1996, M. egger lgt, 1 ♀ (CAB); Thessalia, Larissa Regional Unit, Ossa Mt., 800 m, 1-9 Jul 2016, S. Dementiev lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Ossa Mt., 19 May 1977, G. Curletti lgt, 1 ♂ (MCCI); Larissa, Ossa Mt., e slope, 1200 m, 5 Jul-4 aug 1976, a. Vigna lgt, 16 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀ (MUZ, CLB); Ossa Mts, W Stomio, 500-800 m, on Quercus, 2 Jul 2002, K.D. Schenk lgt, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (CKDS); same locality, 18-25 Jun 2003, K.D. Schenk lgt, 1 ♂ (CKDS); Thessalia, Trikala, Meteora, vinegar trap, 23 May-15 Jun 2007, A. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (MZUF coll. n° 18044). Lucanus cervus cervus - epirus, iaonnina, Klidonia, 700 m, 20 May 2007, F. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂ (CFA); Igoumenitza, Parapotamos, Jun 2011, C. Sola lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Kalampaka, Jun 2011, C. Sola lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Thessalia, Trikala, Vlahava, 800 m, 22 May 2007, F. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂ (CFa); thessalia (Larissa regional Unit), ossa Mt., 800 m, 1-9 Jul 2016, S. Dementiev lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Meteora, 18 May 1977, G. Curletti lgt, 1 ♂ (MCCI); Olympos Mt., 600 m, 18 Jul 1976, A. Casale lgt, 1 ♂ (MRSN); Thesprotia, Koritiani, 17 Jun 1997, A. Liberto leg, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CPL). Platycerus caraboides - epirus, ioannina, W Pigon lake, 1500 m, 21 May-14 Jun 2007, vinegar trap, F. angelini lgt, 1 ♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18047); Thessalia, Kranea, 1000 m, 23 May-15 Jun 2007, vinegar trap, F. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂ (MzUF, coll. n° 18048). Malta We have no records of Lucanidae from this country. according to the Maltese entomologist David Mifsud (personal communication, 2012) no stag beetles are recorded on the island, even if there is an old and very doubtful quotation for Lucanus cervus (Gulia 1858). Cyprus a new species of Dorcus was described from this island, Dorcus alexisi Muret & Drumont, 1999, the only stag beetle known for Cyprus at present (previously confused with the widespread D. parallelipipedus in the collections). See also under taxonomic remarks below. a picture, an identiication key, and a list of localities are given in the original description paper (Muret & Drumont 1999). additional records Dorcus alexisi - 1 km S of village Kidasi, in alder forest, 1 May 2013, J. Hilszcanski lgt, 2 ♂♂ (CJK). Turkey Bartolozzi et al. (2016) list 13 species and three subspecies for the country: Dorcus parallelipipedus, D. peyronis, Lucanus busignyi, L. orientalis, L. cervus cervus, L. cervus akbesianus, L. cervus judaicus, L. ibericus ibericus, L. ibericus subvelutinus, L. laticornis, L. macrophyllus, Platycerus caprea, P. caraboides, P. caucasicus, P. delagrangei, P. primigenius. as Sinodendron cylindricum was quoted for “asia Minor” (e.g. Baraud 1993; Franciscolo 1997) and its presence in Anatolia was conirmed by the additional records of the present paper, the species must be added to the turkish list of Lucanidae, thus reaching 14 species. taxonomy and distribution of the species of the genus Lucanus in turkey were recently examined by Schenk & Fiedler (2011) and Avgın & Thomaes (2014). See also below under taxonomic remarks. Platycerus delagrangei was described from Syria, akbes (now in turkey, vilhayet [= Province] Hatay); it has been recently collected in akteppe in the Nur Mts (Hatay Province) near the border with Syria (Kairouz et al. 2011). aslan & Karaca (2012) quoted Lucanus cervus and Ceruchus chrisomelinus (sic!) in the Kovada Lake National Park basin (isparta). as C. chrysomelinus was not known in turkey, and as they wrote that even 29 specimens of this very rare species were found, we asked the authors to send us a photo of a specimen. thanks to their kind collaboration we have been able to verify that the species was misidentiied, actually being the common Dorcus parallelipipedus. Avgın et al. (2014) published a review of Turkish sap- 161 Bartolozzi et al. 1 ♀ (CLB); surr. Bahce, 30 Jun 2003, K. Werner lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Mugla (Fethiye), Jul 2012, M.A. Cirmaz lgt, 3 ♂♂ (CLB). Lucanus cervus judaicus - surroundings of Kozan, 1 Jul 2003, K. Werner lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB). Lucanus laticornis - S anatolia, hill S of aglasun (Burdur), 1090 m, 18 Jul 1992, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Anatolia, Elmali, 12 Aug 1975, A. Casale lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); W Anatolia, Gӧlcuk (Mugla), 750 m, 19 Jul 1992, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); SW Anatolia, hill 30 km NE of Mugla, 800 m, 19 Jul 1992, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Mugla (Fethiye), Jul 2012, M.A. Cirmaz lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Egirdir, Jun 2003, K. Werner lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); surr. Kozan, Jul 2001, E. Rautenstrauch lgt, 9 ♂♂ (MZUF, coll. n° 17844, CLB); surr. Silifke, Aug 1999, K. Werner lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB). L. ibericus - N anatolia, akpinar forest, Samsun, 17 Jul 1977, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); N Anatolia, Almus, 31 Jul 1975, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 2 ♀♀ (MRSN, CLB); Anatolia, Elmali, 12 Jul 1975, A. Casale lgt, 1 ♂ (MRSN); N anatolia, Konacik (Giresun), 22 Jul 1985, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); N Anatolia, Kӧse, 1850 m, 28 Jul1976, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♀ (CLB), N Anatolia, Kulak (Ordu), 23 Jul 1985, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB), NE Anatolia, Ispir (Erturum), 1000 m, 5 Aug 1981, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 2 ♂♂ (CLB), N anatolia, Mengen, 23 Jul 1975, a. Casale lgt, 3 ♂♂ (MRSN); N Anatolia, Puskedagi, Erzincam, 2100 m, 7 Aug 1981, Morello lgt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CLB); N Anatolia, Sapanca, 24 Jun 1975, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♂ (MRSN); N anatolia, Unye, 300 m, 30 Jul 1975, a. Casale lgt, 1 ♂ (MRSN), W Anatolia, Yenişarbademli, 11 Jul 1976, A. Casale lgt, 1 ♂ (MRSN); Hatay Prov., Dortyol, Topaktaş vill., 1200 m, 24 Jun 2012, P. Rapuzzi lgt, 1 ♀, (CLB); Mudurnu, 29 Jul 1977, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Tokat Province, Dumanli orman, 1200 m, 12 Jul 1976, G. Sabbatinelli & M. Bologna lgt, 2 ♂♂ (MUZR); Tokat Province, Mamo orman, 1100 m, 13 Jul 1976, G. Carpaneto lgt, 1 ♀ (MUZR); Tunceli Prov., 20 km N Tunceli, 6 Jul 2005, P. Rapuzzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB). Lucanus macrophyllus - S anatolia, hill S of a glasun (Burdur), 1090 m, 18 Jul 1992, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); same locality, 18 Jul 1998, P. Mazzi lgt, 2 ♂♂ (CLB); S anatolia, S of Beyschir (Konya), 1200 m, 22 Jul 1991, P. Mazzi lgt, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (CLB); S Anatolia, Ovacik Dag (Konya), 1300 m, 16 Jul 1992, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); S anatolia, S of Seydisheir (Konya), 1500 m, 22 Jul 1991, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); W Anatolia, Yenişarbademli, 11 Jul 1976, A. Casale lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); surr. Incekum, Aug 1999, K. Werner lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB). Platycerus caucasicus - Sivas Province, Koyulhisar, 10 km N road for Mesudiye, 10 Jun 2009, a. angelini lgt, 1 ♂ (MZUF, coll. n° 18039). roxylic beetles from the european red List and quoted the following stag beetle species (in brackets the iUCN category): Dorcus parallelipipedus (LC), D. peyroni (sic!) (i.e. D. peyronis) (DD), L. cervus cervus (Nt), L. ibericus (DD), L. laticornis (eN). However, at least L. busignyi and L. macrophyllus must be included in the list, due to their restricted distribution and/or rarity. Tezcan & Pehlįvan (2001) quote D. parallelipipedus in Muradiye (Manisa Province) and Őren (Izmir Province). additional records Sinodendron cylindricum - Kastamonu Province, Yaraligӧz Mts, pass, 1300 m, 20 Oct 1982, P. Cavazzuti & M. Zapparoli lgt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MUZR, CLB); Izmit Province, Masukiye, Kelpete, 1150 m, 24 Nov 1981, S. Bruschi lgt, 1 ♂ (MUZR); Ordu Province, Akkus forest, 1400 m, 19 Oct 1982, A. Vigna lgt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MUZR); Tokat province, Dumanli orman, 1500-1700 m, 12 Jul 1976, S. Bruschi lgt 2 ♂♂ (MUZR, CLB); Tokat Province, Mamo Orman, 1100 m, 13-31 Jul 1976, A. Vigna lgt, 1 ♀ (MUZR). Dorcus parallelipipedus - amanus [formerly in Syria], 1891, 1 ♂ (IRSNB); S Anatolia, hill S of Aglasun (Burdur), 1090 m, 18 Jul 1992, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂, 1♀ (CLB); N anatolia, akpinar forest, Sansun, 800 m, 17 Jul 1977, P. Cavazzuti lgt, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CLB); SW Anatolia, Karabel (Mugla), 1300 m, 23 Jul 1991, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♀ (CLB); adana, Nur Daglan, Yarpuz, 400-600 m, 8 May 2000, e. Colonnelli lgt, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18040); Aslanli, 15 km NW erdemli, 22-25 Jun 2008, W. Grosser lgt 17 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀ (CKDS); Artvin Province, surr. Borçka, 200 m, 13 Oct 1982, S. Bruschi lgt, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (MUZR, CLB); surr. Belen, 20 Jun 2008, W. Grosser lgt, 1 ♀ (CKDS); Bolu Province, between Konuralp and akçakoca, 300 m, 8 Jul-2 Aug 1976, A. Vigna lgt, 4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀ (MUZR, CLB); Fethyie, Yaniklar, 15-27 Jun 1992, M. egger lgt, 2 ♀ (CAB); Mardin, Hop Hop Geçidi, 1100 m, 9 May 2014, P. Rapuzzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Hatay Prov., Dortyol, Topaktaş vill., 1200 m, 14-24 Jun 2012, P. Rapuzzi lgt, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (CLB); Istanbul province, surr. Resadiye (Alemdag), 7 Jul-3 Aug 1976, A. Vigna lgt, 9 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀ (MUZR, CLB). Dorcus peyronis - adana, without collecting date, ex collection Madon, 1 ♂ (IRSNB); C Anatolia, W Nevshehir, Göreme, 20 Aug 1993, K.D. Schenk lgt, 1 ♀ (CKDS); South taurus, 30 km NW alanya, 1150 m, 20 Jul 2001, M. Hiermeierr lgt, 1 ♂ (CAB); Akcali Daglari, 20 km N of Aydincik, 1250 m, 2-28 Jul 1999, K.D. Schenk lgt, 3 ♂♂ (CKDS); surroundings of Ciftehan, S of alihoca village, Bolkar Daglari, 950 m, in an oak trunk, 12 Jul 1994, K.D. Schenk lgt, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (CKDS); N of Karaduk, Nemrud Dag, 4-5 Jul 2004, K. Werner lgt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CKDS). Lucanus cervus akbesianus - S anatolia, Çamliyayla (Mersin), 1100 m, 9-21 Jul 1991, P. Mazzi lgt, 2 ♂♂ (CLB); S anatolia, pass 30 km N di Kahramanmaras, 750 m, 20 Jul 1991, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); SW Anatolia, Karabel (Mugla), 1300 m, 23 Jul 1991, P. Mazzi lgt, 1 ♂, Syria el-Hariri (1968) quoted only Lucanus cervus from Syria; Bartolozzi et al. (2016) listed the following species for the country: Dorcus parallelipipedus, D. peyronis, Lucanus 162 Circum-Mediterranean Lucanidae Palestine We have no records of Lucanidae from the Gaza strip. cervus akbesianus, L. cervus judaicus. L. orientalis, Platycerus caraboides, P. delagrangei. Dorcus parallelipipedus was quoted from Quaastal Ma’af and Bludan by Kairouz et al. (2011). they also quoted Dorcus peyronis from aleppo and Lucanus cervus judaicus from east Latakia. See also below under taxonomic remarks. Egypt We found no quotations of the presence of Lucanidae species in egypt, but we believe useful to quote a recent published paper (alahmadi et al. 2012) where Lucanus cervus is reported as a pest for the date palm in Saudi arabia. it is evident that this paper is based on a misidentiication of the pest specimens. actually, the authors write: “L. cervus (3rd and 4th instar) larvae were collected by hand picking from the soil adjacent to roots of infested palm trees”. it is well known that the larvae of L. cervus live underground on dead roots and rotting wood of broad-lived trees in temperate areas and this species is not present in Saudi arabia. Most probably the cited paper deals with the larvae of another large xylophagous (s.l.) or rhizophagous beetle species occurring in the same area. alahmadi et al. (2012) also quote, as a reference supporting the role of L. cervus as a pest for palms, the paper of Gómez Vives & Ferry (1998) which actually deals with the palm pest weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier, 1790) and not at all with Lucanus. We thus believe that the quotation of the presence of L. cervus in Saudi arabia is wrong and should not be taken into account. additional records Dorcus peyronis - Syria, no precise collecting data, ex collection Roelofs, 1 ♀ (IRSNB). Lucanus cervus akbesianus - N Siria, Massah Kanli, Jul 1961, 1 ♂, 1♀ (specimens identiied from photos available in a on line sell; present collection unknown). Lucanus cervus judaicus - Syria: coastal region, Jul 1997, 1 ♂ (CLB); surroundings of Ikbis, Jun-Jul 1998, 1 ♂ (CLB). Lebanon Kairouz et al. (2011) quote Dorcus parallelipipedus from Bcharre, al Sindiyanah and Bezbiha (caza aakkar), and Lucanus cervus turcicus Sturm, 1843 from Beit ayoub and Fnaideq (Caza Bscharré), Qartaba and ehmej (Caza Jbail), Chira near Berhalioum (Caza Bziza), and ash-Shamal area. the subspecies turcicus is placed in synonymy of Lucanus ibericus ibericus by Bartolozzi et al. (2016), and they only quote L. orientalis for Lebanon. See also below under taxonomic remarks. Lybia We have no records of Lucanidae from this country. additional records Lucanus sp. prope cervus akbesianus - a’akkar, BeitAyoub, 1200 m, 7 Jul 2009, A. Kairouz lgt, 1 ♀ (CLB); Mt. Lebanon Gov., Beskinta, caza Metn, 1300 m, Jul 2009, a. Kairouz lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB); Mt. Lebanon Gov., Qartaba, caza Jbail, 1200 m, Jul 2009, A. Kairouz lgt, 1 ♂ (CLB). Tunisia Baraud (1993) and Bartolozzi et al. (2016) quoted only two species for the country: Dorcus musimon and Platycerus caraboides. Franciscolo (1997) quoted the locality of Al’Drahen (30 Apr 1983, G. Osella lgt, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀) for D. musimon. Israel Chikatunov & Pavlícek (1997) listed four species of Lucanidae in israel: Dorcus parallelipipedus, D. peyronis, Lucanus cervus syriacus Motschulsky, 1870, and Platycerus delagrangei. Subsequently Chikatunov et al. (1999, 2006) quoted Dorcus parallelipipedus and Lucanus cervus and Kairouz et al. (2011) quoted Lucanus cervus turcicus from the following localities: Golan Heights, Carmel ridge, ramin Mountains. Finally, Bartolozzi et al. (2016) listed only three species for the country: Dorcus parallelipipedus, D. peyronis, and Lucanus cervus judaicus. the subspecies L. cervus syriacus was placed in synonymy with Lucanus ibericus ibericus and the subspecies L. cervus turcicus in synonymy with L. cervus cervus (Bartolozzi et al. 2016). Kairouz et al. (2011) reported that D. parallelipipedus is only present in central and northern israel, and that it is not common. See also below under taxonomic remarks. Algeria Baraud (1993) and Bartolozzi et al. (2016) quoted only two species for the country: Dorcus musimon and Platycerus caraboides. additional records Lucanus cervus cervus - Golan Heights, odem forest, Jul 2009, E. Orbach lgt, 2 ♂♂ (CLB, CEO). additional records Dorcus musimon - Jijel, Guerrouch forest, 900 m, 6 Nov 1984, Spedizione “algeria 1984” (Boffa-Casale-Cavaz- additional records Dorcus musimon - Ain Draham, May1945, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MSNM); Ain Draham, B.V. Bodemayer lgt, 1 ♀ (MSNM); ain Draham, Jun 1925, B.V. Bodemeyer lgt , 1 ♂ (CKDS); Ain Draham, 800 m, 5 Jun 1994, F. Kanter, lgt, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CKDS); Ain-Draham, Djebel Bir, eastern side, 4 Jul 2001, O. Friedrich lgt, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (CKDS); Camp des Chenes (25 km S tabarka), 1-2 Sep 1995, J. Batelka lgt, 1 ♂ (CKDS); Sfax, 2 Jul 1925, B.V. Bodemeyer lgt, 1 ♂ (CKDS); Tabarka, Ain Sebaa, 24 Jan 2004, 1 ♂ (CAB). 163 Bartolozzi et al. zutti-Gavetti-Giachino-Levi) lgt, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (CLB); same data, 4-10 Nov 1984, 2 ♀♀ (CAB); Kabilye, Bou Berak, without collecting date, L. Puel lgt, 2 ♀♀ (MSNM, irSNB); Kabilye, Dayren, without collecting date, V.M. Duchon lgt, 1 ♂ (MSNM); Grand Kabyle, Akfadou forest, Tala Kitan, 1100 m, 18 May 1953, G. Fagel lgt, 2 ♀♀ (irSNB); akfadou forest, el Kseur, 1250-1360 m, 12 Nov 1984, Spedizione “algeria 1984” (Boffa-Casale-Cavazzutti-Gavetti-Giachino-Levi) lgt, 1 ♀ (CLB); Grand Kabyle, Yakouren, 700-850 m, May 1953, G. Fagel lgt, 25 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀ (IRSNB), Grand Kabyle, Yakouren, Tala N’ Rbia, 850 m, 20 May 1953, G. Fagel lgt, 1 ♂ (IRSNB); Grand Kabyle, Yakouren, tagma hill, 950 m, 2 May 1953, G. Fagel lgt, 1 ♀ (IRSNB); Grande Kabilye, 19 Jun 1951, E. Busulini lgt, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MSNM); Laverdure, 6 Oct 1929, A. Schatzmayr lgt, 1 ♀ (MSNM); Tamanart, 20 May 1984, A. Chaminade lgt 1 ♀ (CKDS); Tizi-Ouzou, Akfadou, 1000 m, 16 Jun 1982, G. Sama lgt, 1 ♀ (MSNG). Taxonomic remarks The speciic validity of Lucanus pontbrianti from southern France and N Spain was suggested by Décobert (2010, 2013), under the name of L. fabianii (Mulsant & Godart, 1855) and inally conirmed by Boucher (2014) with the right name of L. pontbrianti. Boucher (personal communication, 2016) is preparing a detailed paper on the morphology and distribution of this very interesting species. Concerning Lucanus cervus cervus and L. tetraodon tetraodon in Italy, as reported above, the irst one is distributed in northern and central italy, whilst the second one is mostly a southern species. in the areas of contact, where the two species overlap, intermediate forms are present and have been investigated by Cortellessa (2010) and Solano et al. (2016). From molecular analysis these individuals seem to be more close to L. c. cervus than to L. t. tetraodon, even if some morphological characters (e.g. the position of the middle tooth of the mandibles, usually more basal in L. t. tetraodon, more distal in L. c. cervus) are intermediate or partially overlapping (Solano et al. 2016). Some of the studied populations live in Latium and Umbria regions, but other populations with intermediate morphological characters also occur in the Marche region (Fabbri 2010, and personal communication). Dorcus alexisi, the only stag beetle known for Cyprus at present, is very closely related to the widespread D. parallelipipedus with which it was confused in the collections. Genetic research on the taxon is needed to clarify its taxonomic rank (species, subspecies or local population of D. parallelipipedus). the status of Lucanus laticornis from S turkey as valid species was discussed by Schenk (2012). Whether or not Lucanus ibericus and L. orientalis are two distinct species is questionable (Cox et al. 2013; Bartolozzi et al. 2014). Kraatz (1860) doubtfully described it as a variety. Planet (1899) in his monograph on the genus Lucanus hypothesized that the two taxa could be synomyms, and Krajcik (2001, 2003) listed L. orientalis as a synonym of L. ibericus. However, in the last published checklists of the Palaearctic (Bartolozzi et al. 2016) and World (Fujita 2010) Lucanidae, both species are still considered to be valid, as nobody studied their taxonomic status and demonstrated their synonymy. More in general, the status and rank of the several taxa of Lucanus inhabiting the Levant is far to be clariied and probably only additional and more detailed DNa studies may solve the problem. Concerning the systematic status of the Caucasian Platycerus delagrangei, it was considered as a subspecies of P. caraboides by Kairouz et al. (2011). Morocco only few species of Lucanidae are quoted from this country: Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus barbarossa, and Platycerus caraboides (Benesh 1946; Kocher 1958; Franciscolo 1997; Bartolozzi et al. 2016). Concerning L. barbarossa, Kocher (1958) wrote that the species lives in all the wooded mountain areas up to 2000 m and listed some localities (Sidi-Farès, aïn-Kahla, and surroundings of tanger). according to Baraud (1993) L. barbarossa is quite common in Middle and High atlas. Kocher (1958) also gives some remarks on the distribution of D. parallelipipedus: NW Morocco between tanger and rabat; Middle atlas (up to 2200 m), aïn-Kahla. aourir et al. (2013) quoted the Coleoptera Lucanidae as an important part of the diet of the Gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, 1789) in Morocco. Due to the scarcity of specimens of stag beetles in coastal Morocco we found this record quite surprising. thanks to the kindness of the authors we have been able to examine photos of the “lucanid” mandibles which were found in the pellets of the tern, and thus verify that they actually were the large sharply pointed mandibles of a species of ground beetle (Carabidae Scaritinae) inhabiting the Mediterranean sandy coastal areas. additional records Dorcus parallelipipedus - 10 km S ifrane, Meknes region, ifrane Province, 29 apr-10 Jun 2013, vinegar trap, A. Angelini lgt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MZUF, coll. n° 18038); Kenitra, Mamora forest, 16-18 May 1994, P. Leo lgt, 1 ♂ (CPL). Lucanus barbarossa - Middle Atlas, Azrou, Jun 1978, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CKDS); Middle Atlas, Ifrane, Jul 1977, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CKDS); Middle atlas, ifrane, 1500 m, 21 Jun 1998, P. Leo lgt, 1 ♂ (CPL);. surroundings of Marrakesh, without collecting date, ex collection Heylemans, 1 ♀ (IRSNB); Talassemtane, Rif, 1800 m, Jul 1967, Thewis lgt, 1 ♀ (IRSNB); Tanger, without collecting date, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IRSNB). Conclusions Whilst the knowledge on the Lucanidae fauna and distribution can be considered quite good or suficient for most of the southern european countries, still more research 164 Circum-Mediterranean Lucanidae tera Lucanidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 126(1): 79. Bartolozzi L., Bettinelli S., Bottacci a., Cianferoni F., Fabiano F., Mazza G., rocchi S., terzani F., zinetti F., zoccola, a. 2008. Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth, 1785), interessante ritrovamento nella riserva Naturale integrale di Sasso Fratino (Forlì-Cesena) (insecta Coleoptera Lucanidae). Quaderni di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della romagna, 27: 135–142. 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Family Lucanidae, p. 85. in: Carpaneto G.M., Baviera C., Biscaccianti a.B., Brandmayr P., Mazzei A., Mason F., Battistoni A., Teoili C., Rondinini C., Fattorini S., audisio P. (eds), a red List of italian Saproxylic Beetles: taxonomic overview, ecological features and conservation issues (Coleoptera). Fragmenta entomologica, 47(2): 53–126. is surely needed for the northern african and Near east countries in order to evaluate affordable assessments for the conservation of the species. Further research is also needed to clarify the taxonomic status for some of the stag beetle taxa inhabiting the Mediterranean region. Acknowledgements – We are very grateful to the following friends and colleagues for their help: Fernando angelini, Paolo audisio, alberto Ballerio, Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto, achille Casale, Gianfranco Curletti, Pier Mauro Giachino, Piero Leo, Paolo Mazzi, eylon orbach, emanuele Piattella, roberto Poggi, Pierpaolo rapuzzi, Klaus-Dirk Schenk, Marzio zapparoli, and Michele Zilioli. Our colleague Pavel Krásenský (Czech Republic) is duly acknowledged for permission to reproduce his magniicent photograph of Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Fig. 3). We are also grateful to our colleague Saulo Bambi (Florence, italy) for technical support on the photographs of Lucanus pontbrianti and L. tetraodon (Figs 1-2). References agoiz-Bustamante J.L., Blázquez Caselles a. 2011. Platycerus spinifer Schaufuss, 1862 (Coleoptera, Lucanidae), un nuevo lucánido para la fauna de Cáceres (extremadura, españa). arquivos entomolóxicos, 5: 109–110. alahmadi S.S., ouf S.a., ibrahim r.a., el-Shaikh K.a. 2012. 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