Historia naturalis bulgarica,
18: 35-63, 2007
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 35
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida (Diplopoda)
in Bulgaria
Boyan VAGALINSKI, Pavel STOEV
VAGALINSKI B., STOEV P. 2007. An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida
(Diplopoda) in Bulgaria. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 18: 35-63.
Abstract. The paper presents the irst catalogue of the millipede order Julida (Diplopoda:
Helminthomorpha) in Bulgaria. The order is currently known to comprise 3 families
(Blaniulidae, Nemasomatidae and Julidae), 21 valid genera, 51 species and 3 subspecies in the
country. Another 11 species and the genus Thachypodoiulus were quoted probably erroneously
for Bulgaria. Archiboreoiulus pallidus and Megaphyllum dentatum were reported without mention
of their exact localities, and have never been found since. All relevant literature sources are
given for each species group taxon with exact pages; detailed distribution by geographical
regions; as well as a list of habitats where the species was found in the country; altitudinal
range; chorotype; and sometimes additional remarks. New data, among which the second
and third inds in the country of Megaphyllum anatolicum denticulatum and Brachyiulus bagnalli,
respectively, are given for 19 species. The paper also provides brief analysis about the habitat
preferences and zoogeographical afinities of Bulgarian julids.
Key words: Myriapoda, Julidae, Blaniulidae, Nemasomatidae, review, distribution,
habitats, Bulgaria
Introduction
The study of the millipedes of order Julida in Bulgaria began with CHRISTOVICH (1892)
who reported Iulus sabulosus from the Vitosha Mts. In the next ifty years julids found in Bulgaria
were mentioned in the papers of ATTEMS (1904), JURINICH (1904), VERHOEFF (1926a,
1926b, 1928, 1937), SCHUBART (1934), LANG (1935, 1958) and JAWLOWSKI (1938). An
exceptional contribution to the knowledge of Bulgarian julids was made by K. Strasser, who
described 9 new species, and reported another 5 as new for the country (STRASSER, 1960,
1962a, 1962b, 1966, 1969, 1973, 1975). In the 1960s and 1970s three short papers by GULIČKA
(1967a, 1967b) and CEUCA (1973) were published where, however, new species have also been
described. Yasen Christov defended his PhD thesis on the millipede fauna of Sredna Gora
Mts. (1986b) publishing the results of his study in ive short papers (CHRISTOV, 1983, 1984a,
1984b, 1985, 1986a). GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA (1992) and KONDEVA (1996, 1998,
2000, 2002, 2004) have contributed with new species and new records for the country.
36 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Additional information concerning the order can also be found in the general biospeleological
reviews of GUÉORGUIEV & BERON (1962), BERON (1972, 1978) and others. Alticolous
fauna in the country has been reviewed by BERON (1999), where myriapods were also recorded.
The protozoans found in the intestines of Julida have been studied by GOLEMANSKY (1973,
1991). In more recent times, STOEV & RIBAROV (1995), STOEV (2001, 2003, 2004a, 2004b,
2004c) and STOEV & LAPEVA-GJONOVA (2005) published on different aspects of the
taxonomy, distribution and biology of the order in Bulgaria. STOEV (2007) published an
updated checklist of all myriapods hitherto registered in Bulgaria.
Bulgarian millipedes, and in particular julids, are considered comparatively well known
(STOEV, 2007), however, new species are yet to be found in some remote regions. Several
regions of the country, like Pirin, Eastern Stara Planina and Predbalkan, Plana, Verila, Kraishte,
Sakar and partly the Danubian Plane remain more or less unexplored. Better known are some
parts of the Rhodopes, Rila, Vitosha, Strandzha, Sredna Gora, Western Stara Planina and
Predbalkan. The cavernicolous millipedes and those living in deciduous forests have been
better investigated compared to e.g. those occurring in urban and open habitats, coniferous
forests, etc.
Methodology
All the literature sources relevant to the Julida in Bulgaria were checked for information
regarding species distribution and habitat preferences. Papers that only repeat already known
data are not quoted. Authors’ unpublished data and such found in the the PhD thesis of Dr.
Yasen Christov (also unpublished to a large extent) were added too. The genus and species
names are given in the literature review only if they differ from currently accepted combination. The list of the localities for each species is arranged according to the main geographical
regions of the country in the following sequence: 1. Mountains: Stara Planina, Rhodopes,
Vitosha, Rila, Pirin, Osogovo, Belasitsa, Slavyanka, Sredna Gora, Predbalkan (only central and
eastern Predbalkan; having vary vague boundaries the western part is included within the Stara
Planina Mts.), Konyavska Planina, Penkyovska Planina, Lozenska Planina, Lyulin, Strandzha,
Sakar; 2. Heights, ridges, plateaus: Bakadzhishki Heights, Derventski Heights, Pianets Ridge,
Shumensko Plateau; 3. Plains, valleys, lowlands, gorges: Danubian Plain, Thracian Lowland,
Kamchya Valley, Mesta Valley, Struma Valley, Kresna Gorge; 4. Black Sea Coast; 5. Cities (cf.
STOEV, 2002). Habitat information is given as originally quoted in the literature. Each habitat is separated by semicolon. Abbreviations: M/MM – male/males; F/FF – female/females;
J.P.M. – Jean-Paul Mauriès. To avoid repeating “railway station”, “village”, “town” and “city”
in the catalogue part, if not otherwise speciied, all locality records refer to these settlements.
Chorotypes are mainly as deined by STOEV (2007) with modiications based on the distribution data in Fauna Europaea (ENGHOFF & KIME, 2007). The names of plants in the habitat
information are according to Flora Europaea (http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html).
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 37
Fig. 1. Map of Bulgaria showing the main geographical regions in the country
Species list
Family BlAnIulIDAe
Nopoiulus kochii (Gervais, 1847)
[1] Nopoiulus pulchellus: VERHOEFF, 1926: 77. [2] Nopoiulus armatus: VERHOEFF, 1937:
106. [3] Nopoiulus venustus: JAWLOWSKI, 1938: 171. [4] Nopoiulus pulchellus: GUÉORGUIEV
& BERON, 1962: 305. [5] Nopoiulus venustus: STRASSER, 1966: 371, 375. [6] Nopoiulus venustus:
STRASSER, 1969: 165. [7] Nopoiulus venustus: BERON, 1972: 299. [8] Nopoiulus venustus: BERON,
1978: 213. [9] STOEV & RIBAROV, 1995: 91. [10] STOEV, 2004a: 149, 150.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Kalenska Pesht Cave near Kalen [5], deserted mine galleries
near Bov [6], Vreloto Cave near Prevala [6], cave in Zmeyovi Dupki Area [9]; Vitosha Mts.:
Boyana [3, 5], Knyazhevo [5]; Pirin Mts.: near Melnik [6]; Predbalkan: Temnata Dupka Cave
near Lukovit [2, 5], Vodopada Cave [5] and Urushka Maara Cave [4] near Krushuna, Futyovskata Cave near Karpachevo [4], Samuilitsa Cave near Kunino [4], Emenska Cave near Emen
[9], Andaka Cave near Dryanovo Monastery [10], Peshtta Cave near Yablanitsa [10], Saeva
Dupka Cave near Brestnitsa [10]; Gergitsova Dupka Cave near Bezhanovo [10], Skoka Cave
near Dragana [10], Strandzha Mts.: (?)Gramatikovo [5]; Sakar Mt.: deserted mine gallery near
Radovets [9]; Derventski Heights: deserted mine gallery near Lesovo [9]; Danubian Plain:
38 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
(?) cave near Pleven [1], cave near Byala Slatina [2], Haidushkata Cave near Deventsi [5], Magura
Cave near Rabisha [5], Sedlarkata Cave near Rakita [7], Nanin Kamak Cave near Muselievo [10],
Haidushkata Cave near Gortalovo [10], Gininata Cave near Sadovets [10], (?) Kapalak Cave near
Pleven [10].
Altitude: from ca. 380 m (Magura Cave) to 500 m [5]
Habitat: Caves [1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Distribution in Bulgaria: widespread in the country, so far not registered in northeastern
Bulgaria. The record from Strandzha is uncertain.
Chorotype: European. Introduced in Siberia, North and South America, New Zealand and
other regions of the world.
Blaniulus guttulatus (Fabricius, 1798)
[1] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 32.
Localities: Sredna Gora Mts.: Polyanovtsi [1].
Altitude: 600-700 m [1]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Pinus sylvestris et Quercus petraea [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: recorded only once from Sredna Gora Mts.
Chorotype: European. Introduced in the Australian, Nearctic and East Palearctic regions.
Archiboreoiulus pallidus (Brade-Birks, 1920)
[1] CEUCA, 1992: 422.
Localities: unspeciied locality.
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: recorded for Bulgaria without exact locality only in the list of
Balkan millipedes (CEUCA, 1992). Record needs conirmation. In neighbouring countries A.
pallidus is known from Turkey (European part) and Romania.
Chorotype: European. Introduced in the Nearctic region.
Cibiniulus phlepsii (Verhoef, 1897)
[1] Bilselibates phlepsi: STRASSER, 1966: 371, 372, 373, 374. [2] Bilselibates phlepsi: STRASSER,
1969: 165. [3] Bilselibates phlepsi: STRASSER, 1973: 449. [4] STOEV, 2004c: 215.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Medven [3]; Rhodopes Mts.: between Avren and Strazhets
[4]; Kamchya Valley: Dolni Chilik [1, 2]; Black Sea Coast: near Varna [1], Ropotamo near
Primorsko [3].
Altitude: from the sea level (Ropotamo, Varna) to ca. 500 m [3]
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: several scattered locations, mainly in Eastern Bulgaria.
Chorotype: East European-Anatolian.
Proteroiulus fuscus (Am Stein, 1857)
[1] STOEV, 2004c: 215.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Vodnata Cave near Tserovo [1]; Rhodopes Mts.: deserted
mine gallery near Madzharovo [1].
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 39
Altitude: 250 m (Vodnata Cave)
Habitat: known from a cave and disused mine gallery [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: two records from Western Stara Planina and Eastern Rhodopes.
Chorotype: European. Introduced in the Nearctic region.
Family neMASoMAtIDAe
Nemasoma varicorne C.L. Koch, 1847
[1] Isobates varicornis: STRASSER, 1966: 371. [2] Isobates varicornis: CHRISTOV, 1984a: 92. [3]
CHRISTOV, 1986b: 32. [4] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 25. [5] STOEV, 2003: 135.
Localities: Vitosha Mts.: Boyana [1]; Rila Mts.: Rila Monastery Natural Park [5]; Sredna
Gora Mts.: P. Deliradev Hut [2], Dushkov Pchelin Area [3]; lozenska Planina Mt.: German
[4]; Kamchya Valley: Dolni Chilik [1]; Black Sea Coast: Zlatni Pyasatsi (Uzun Kum) [1].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni pyasatsi) to 1250 m [2, 3]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [2], Quercus petraea [3]; Open habitats: pastures [4].
Distribution in Bulgaria: several scattered locations.
Chorotype: European.
Family JulIDAe
Leptoiulus borisi Verhoef, 1926
[1] VERHOEFF, 1926b: 203, 205. [2] Leptoiulus rylaicus VERHOEFF, 1928: 34, 35. [3]
Leptoiulus macrovelatus SCHUBART, 1934: 36, 37, 45. [4] Leptoiulus rylaicus: LANG, 1935: 179. [5]
Leptoiulus rylaicus: VERHOEFF, 1937: 114. [6] rylaicus: LANG, 1958: 36. [7] Leptoiulus rylaicus:
STRASSER, 1960: 135, 136. [8] rylaicus: STRASSER, 1966: 352. [9] macrovelatus: CEUCA, 1973:
244. [10] STRASSER, 1973: 432, 459. [11] CHRISTOV, 1984a: 93. [12] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 37.
[13] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 21. [14] BERON, 1999: 15. [15] DELTSHEV et al.,
2000b: appendix 5, p. 3, appendix 6, p. 5. [16] STOEV, 2003: 135.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: near Beglika Dam [9]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location [7, 8,
10], Knyazhevo [8], Edelvais Hut [10], Aleko Hut [13]; Rila Mts.: Borovets (Cham-Kuria, type
locality of L. rylaicus and L. macrovelatus!) [2, 3, 5], Musala Hut (type locality of L. macrovelatus!)
[3], Chadar Tepe (type locality of L. macrovelatus!) [3], between Borovets and Maritsa lift stations [8], near Yakoruda [13], Rila National Park [15], Rila Monastery Natural Park [16]; Pirin
Mts.: unspeciied location, 2750 m alt. (type locality!) [1], Kamenitsa Peak [10]; several exempl.,
Peyo Yavorov Hut, 1700-2200 m, 26.viii.1995, B. Petrov leg., P.S. det.; 2 MM, 2 FF, Vihren Peak,
2600-2700 m, 01.ix.2001, N. Simov leg. P.S. det.; several exempl., south slope of Vihren Peak,
2600-2914 m, 27.viii.1995, B. Petrov leg., P.S. det. [new records]; Belasitsa Mts. [4]; Sredna
Gora Mts.: Panagyurski Kolonii Resort [11, 12], Fetintsi [12]; Struma Valley: near Petrich [4];
Black Sea Coast: Zlatni Pyasatsi [8].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni pyasatsi) to 2750 m [1]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [11], Quercus petraea [12], coniferous forests [13]; Subalpine and Alpine habitats: limestones [1], granite breakstone [3].
Distribution in Bulgaria: mainly in Southwestern Bulgaria, two records from the Black Sea
coast and Sredna Gora Mts.
40 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Chorotype: Bulgarian endemic.
Remarks: The synonymy of L. macrovelatus under L. rylaicus was proposed by STRASSER
(1960). Later, in 1973 he synonymized L. rylaicus with L. borisi.
Leptoiulus sarajevensis Verhoef, 1898
[1] STRASSER, 1966: 351. [2] CEUCA, 1973: 243. [3] STRASSER, 1973: 465.
Localities: Vitosha Mts. [1, 2].
Altitude: 1450 m [1]
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from Vitosha Mts.
Chorotype: Balkan.
Leptoiulus trilineatus (C.L. Koch, 1847)
[1] Julus trilineatus: JURINICH, 1904: 3, 39. [2] VERHOEFF, 1926a: 77. [3] Leptoiulus trilineatus
bureschi VERHOEFF, 1928: 37. [4] LANG, 1935: 179. [5] VERHOEFF, 1937: 114. [6] LANG,
1958: 36, 39. [7] STRASSER, 1966: 351. [8] STRASSER, 1969: 147. [9] CHRISTOV, 1984b: 97.
[10] CHRISTOV, 1985: 95. [11] CHRISTOV, 1986a: 165, 166, 167. [12] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 33.
[13] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 21. [14] KONDEVA, 1996: 129. [15] KONDEVA,
2000: 91. [16] STOEV & RIBAROV, 1995: 91. [17] DELTSHEV et al., 2000a: appendix 5, p.
3. [18] DELTSHEV et al., 2000b: appendix 5, p. 3. [19] STOEV, 2001: 105. [20] KONDEVA,
2002: 419, 420. [21] KONDEVA, 2004: 306. [22] STOEV, 2003: 135. [23] STOEV, 2004a: 151.
[24] STOEV, 2004c: 217.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Ledenitsa Cave near Kotel [2], Botev Peak [4, 5], Kotel [7],
Central Balkan National Park [17], Sinite Кamani Natural Park [new record]; Rhodopes Mts.:
near Hvoina [1, 7], Kosovo [7], Dobrostan [7], Pesnopoi [7], Snezhinka (Gorna Snezhinka) [7],
Peshtera [8], Asenova Fortress [8], Bachkovo Monastery [8], Bedenski Bani near Smolyan [8],
between Avren and Strazhets [24], Gorata Ridge [24], Gluhite Kamani Area above Dabovets
[24], Konevo [24]; ad. M forma bureschi, Laki Distr., Dryanovo, Agovski Kamak Area, Prikazna
Cave, 1120 m, under stones, 9.x.2005, B. Petrov, T. Ivanova, I. Borissov leg., P.S. det. [new record];
Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location [7], Knyazhevo (type locality of L. trilineatus bureschi) [3, 7],
Boyana [7], Dragalevtsi [8], Zlatni Mostove [13], Bistritsa [13], Zheleznitsa [13], Chuipetlovo [13],
Selimitsa Peak [13], Simeonovo [13]; Rila Mts.: near Ribnite Lakes [1], Borovets (Cham-Kuria)
[5, 7], near Pastra [5], Rila Monastery [7, 8], Rila National Park [18], Rila Monastery Natural
Park [22]; Sredna Gora Mts.: near Turia [1], Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mts. [9], Mecha Glava
Locality near Panagyurishte [12], near the upper current of Luda Yana River [12], Koprivshtitsa
[12], Panagyurski Kolonii Resort [12], Bratiya Peak [12], near Topolnitsa Dam [12], Fetintsi
[12], Verinsko [12], Tsarevi slivi Area [12], Dushkov Pchelin Area [12], Yagoda [12], Milevo
[12], Zlati Voivoda [12], near Stara Zagora [12]; Predbalkan: Preobrazhenski Monastery near
Veliko Tarnovo [1]; lozenska Planina Mt.: unspeciied location [21], German [13]; lyulin
Mt. [7]; Strandzha Mts.: near Varovnik [14], near Brashlyan [14], Indzhe Voyvoda [15];
Derventski Heights: Popova Dupka Cave near Golyam Dervent [16], Cave near Lesovo [23] 2
MM, Yambol Distr., Dennitsa, 200 m of crossroad to Stefan Karadzhovo, karst, Quercus forest,
shrubs, near road, under stones, 26.iii.2005, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Pianets Ridge: 1 M,
Gabra Reserve, Kyustendil Distr., Tsarvaritsa, Pinus nigra, Fagus silvatica forest, 800-1000 m, leaf
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 41
litter and under barks, 06.iv.2001, B. Petrov & G. Stoyanov leg., P.S. det. [new record]; Danubian
Plain: Tabachka [8], Grivitsa [13], Beglesh [13], Ralevo [13]; Kamchya Valley: Dolni Chilik [7,
8]; Struma Valley: near Skakavitsa Waterfall [8]; Kresna Gorge [19]; Black Sea Coast: Varna:
Asparuhovo [8], Euxinograd Palace near Varna [5], Zlatni Pyasatsi [7], Aladzha Monastery [7],
Sveti Konstantin [7], Arkutino Swamp [8], Primorsko [4], Atya [8], Tsarevo (Michurin) [8], near
Ropotamo [8], Sozopol [8], Galata Cape [8], Novo Panicharevo [13, 15], Drachevo [13], Prisad
[15], Gabar [15]; Cities: Petrich [7].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni Pyasatsi, Ropotamo) to ca. 2200-2300 m (Botev Peak,
Ribnite Lakes)
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus dalechampii [9], Fagus sylvatica [10, 11, 12, 13], Quercus petraea
et Quercus cerris [12], Fagus sylvatica et Quercus petraea [12], Quercus petraea et Carpinus orientalis [12],
Quercus frainetto [12], Quercus sp. [13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 24], Carpinus betulus [14, 15, 20, 21], Fagus
sylvatica et Pinus nigra [new data]; Open habitats: meadows [13]; Caves [2, 16, 23]
Distribution in Bulgaria: common species throughout the country
Chorotype: East European.
Remark: The status of subspecies bureschi is uncertain.
Xestoiulus fontisherculis (Verhoef, 1899)
[1] Microiulus fontisherculis: GULIČKA, 1967a: 4. [2] Microiulus urbanskii STRASSER, 1969:
147. [3] Microiulus fontisherculis: STRASSER, 1973: 433, 434. [4] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 37. [5]
GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 21.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Cherepish Monastery [1]; Rhodopes Mts.: Asenova Fortress (type locality of M. urbanskii!) [2], Bachkovo Monastery [2]; Vitosha Mts.: Zlatni Mostove
[5], Chuipetlovo [5]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Panagyurski Kolonii Resort [4], Dushkov Pchelin Area
[4]; Black Sea Coast: near Ropotamo [2].
Altitude: from the sea level (near Ropotamo) to 1300 m [5]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus petraea [5]; Open habitats: meadows [5].
Distribution in Bulgaria: several scattered locations
Chorotype: Carpathian-Balkan.
Remark: The synonymy of Microiulus urbanskii with M. fontisherculis was proposed by
STRASSER (1973).
Xestoiulus rebeli (Attems, 1904)
[1] Julus rebeli ATTEMS, 1904: 190. [2] Microiulus rebeli: STRASSER, 1966: 325, 330.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Kush Bunar near Sliven (type locality!) [1].
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: a single record from Eastern Stara Planina Mts.
Chorotype: endemic of the Stara Planina Mts.
Xestoiulus pirinicus (Gulička, 1967)
[1] Microiulus pirinicus GULIČKA, 1967a: 5.
Localities: Pirin Mts.: Demyanitsa Valley (type locality!) [1].
Altitude: missing data
42 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: a single record from Northern Pirin.
Chorotype: endemic of the Pirin Mts.
Typhloiulus bureschi Verhoef, 1926
[1] VERHOEFF, 1926a: 75. [2] VERHOEFF, 1926b: 208. [3] VERHOEFF 1937: 113. [4]
LANG, 1958: 38. [5] STRASSER, 1962a: 2, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 30, 53, 63, 68. [6] STRASSER,
1962b: 457. [7] GUÉORGUIEV & BERON, 1962: 307. [8] Typhloiulus bureschi and T. b. var.
obscurus STRASSER, 1966: 352. [9] POPOV, 1969: 37, 39. [10] STRASSER, 1969: 150, 152, 157.
[11] TURK, 1970: 40. [12] BERON, 1972: 299. [13] GOLEMANSKY & TASCHEV, 1973: 89.
[14] STRASSER, 1973: 434, 441, 461. [15] BERON, 1978: 211. [16] STOEV, 2004a: 150.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Temnata Dupka Cave near Lakatnik Railway station (type
locality!) [1, 2, 5, 13], Vodnata Cave near Tserovo [1], Promakinialo Cave near Dolna Beshovitsa
[1], Mechata Dupka Cave near Bov [5], Svinskata Cave near Lakatnik Railway station [5], Yamata
pot-hole near Milanovo [5], Zidanka Cave near Lakatnik Railway station [5, 8], Tsarkveto Cave
near Breze [7], Bankovets [8, 10] and Vodnata Pesht [8] caves near Lipnitsa Village, Yamata
pot-hole near Gintsi [8], Padezh Cave near Breze [12], Ledenika Cave near Vratsa [13], Kalna
Matnitsa Cave near Glavatsi Beli Izvor [10, 12], Paraklisa Cave near Bov Railway station [12],
Gornata (= Rzhishkata peshtera) Cave near Lakatnik Railway station [16], Mandrata Cave near
Mikre [16], Vodni Pech Cave near Dolni Lom [8], Sipo pot-hole in Vrachanska Planina Mts.
[8], Sopotskata Cave near Sopot [12], Ponora Cave near Chiren [10, 12], Nikolova Yama pothole near Glozhene [12], Mayanitsa Cave near Tserovo Railway station [16], 1 M, Soia Distr.,
disused mine gallery near Tompson Railway Station, 08.x.1979, P. Beron leg., J.P.M. det. [new
record]; Predbalkan: Haidushka Dupka Cave near Karlukovo [2, 3, 8, 10], Bezimenna Cave
near Karlukovo [10], Svirchovitsa Cave near Karlukovo [11], Shipochinata Cave near Kunino
[16], Zadanenka and Svirchovitsa Caves near Karlukovo [8], Moravata Cave near Gabare [9, 12],
Popovata Cave near Gabare [9].
Altitude: from ca. 250 m (Vodnata Cave near Tserovo) to ca. 830 m (Ledenika).
Habitat: Caves [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from caves in Western Stara Planina Mts. and Predbalkan.
Chorotype: endemic of the Stara Planina Mts and Predbalkan.
Typhloiulus georgievi Strasser, 1962
[1] Typhloiulus bureschi: VERHOEFF, 1926b: 208. [2] STRASSER, 1962b: 457. [3] STRASSER,
1969: 152. [4] STOEV, 2004a: 150.
Localities: Predbalkan: Toplya Cave near Golyama Zhelyazna [1, 4], Futyovska Cave near
Karpachevo (type locality!) [2], Popskata Cave near Krushuna [3], Tsarskata Cave near Belyakovets [4].
Altitude: 500 m (Toplya Cave)
Habitat: Caves [1, 2, 3]
Distribution in Bulgaria: so far known only from four caves in the Predbalkan.
Chorotype: endemic of the Predbalkan.
Typhloiulus kotelensis Jawlowski, 1938
[1] JAWLOWSKI, 1938: 167. [2] STRASSER, 1962a: 2, 5, 6, 30, 63. [3] STRASSER, 1969:
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 43
151, 152. [4] STRASSER, 1973: 467. [4] BERON, 1978: 209. [5] CHRISTOV, 1984a: 93. [6]
CHRISTOV, 1984b: 97. [7] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 42.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Beli Vodi near Kotel (type locality!) [1], Maglivata Cave near
Kotel [3]; Sredna Gora Mts.: near Panagyurishte [5], Panagyurski Kolonii Resort [7], Dushkov
Pchelin Locality [7], Sredniya gyol Locality [7], Oborishte locality [7], near the upper current of
Luda Yana River [7].
Altitude: 600-1200 m [1, 5, 7]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [5, 7], Quercus sp. [5], Quercus dalechampii [6], Quercus
petraea, Quercus cerris et Carpinus orientalis [7]; Caves [3]
Distribution in Bulgaria: Known only from the eastern part of Stara Planina and Sushtinska
Sredna Gora mountains.
Chorotype: endemic of the Stara Planina Mts. and Sredna Gora Mts.
Typhloiulus longipes Strasser, 1973
[1] STRASSER, 1973: 434. [2] BERON, 1978: 211.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts: Belyar Cave near Vratsa (type locality!) [1] (?) Zvankova
Dupka Cave near Chiren [1].
Altitude: 860 m (Belyar Cave)
Habitat: Caves [1, 2]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from its type locality in the Vrachanska Planina Mts.,
which is part of the Stara Planina massif.
Chorotype: endemic of the Stara Planina Mts.
Typhloiulus staregai Strasser, 1973
[1] Typhloiulus (?) staregai STRASSER, 1973: 438. [2] BERON, 1978: 211
Localities: Stara Planina Mts: Prelaz Cave near Salash (type locality!) [1].
Altitude: 1050 m (Prelaz Cave)
Habitat: Caves [1, 2]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from its type locality in the western part of Stara
Planina Mts.
Chorotype: endemic of the Stara Planina Mts.
Typhloiulus strictus (Latzel, 1882)
[1] STRASSER, 1962a: 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 26, 68. [2] BERON, 1972: 300. [3]
STRASSER, 1973: 434, 460, 465. [4] BERON, 1978: 211.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts: Koritska Glama Cave near Salash [3, 4]; Danubian Plain:
Varkan Cave near Druzhba [3].
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: Caves [2, 3, 4]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from two caves in Northwestern Bulgaria.
Chorotype: Carpathian-Balkan.
Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulička, 1967
[1] GULIČKA, 1967b: 3, 4. [2] Serboiulus popovi STRASSER, 1969: 154, 156. [3] BERON,
44 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
1972: 300. [4] STRASSER, 1973: 440, 461. [5] STRASSER, 1975: 75. [6] BERON, 1978: 211.
[7] GOLEMANSKY & LIPA, 1991: 205. [8] STOEV, 2004a: 151.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: deserted mine gallery near Thompson Railway station [5,
6], Vodni Pech Cave near Dolni Lom (type locality!) [1, 7], Shokyovets Cave near Cherkaski
(type locality of S. popovi!) [2], Mramornata Cave near Berkovitsa [2, 3], Tamna Dupka Cave
near Targovishte [2, 3], Tamni Pech Cave near Varbovo [4], Redaka 1 Cave near Salash [3, 4],
Yame 3 pot-hole near Targovishte [3, 4], Redaka 2 Cave near Salash [3, 4], Medzhak Dupka Cave
near Replyana [3, 4], Stanishina Dupka Cave near Replyana [3, 4], Zmiiskata Propast Cave near
Krachimir [3, 4], Neprivetlivata pot-hole near Belogradchik [5], Pech Cave near Gorna Luka [5],
Yama 2 pot-hole near Chuprene [5], Lipova Dupka Cave near Mitrovtsi [5], Vreloto Cave near
Prevala [5], Desni Suhi Pech Cave near Prevala [5], Randzholova Tarsha pot-hole near Prevala
[5], Mishin Kamik Cave near Gorna Luka [5], Parasinska Propast Cave near Belimel [5], Lisicha
Dupka Cave near Belimel [5], Propastta Cave near Georgi Damyanovo [5], Prelaz Cave near Salash
[6], Parnak Cave near Oreshets Railway station [5], Pleshovskata Cave near Prevala [8]; Danubian
Plain: Zankovskata Cave near Belotintsi [3, 4], Falkovskata Cave near Falkovets [3, 4], Propastta
near Vladimirovo [5], Dupkata Cave near Stubel [5], Kopanata Dupka Cave near Portivovtsi [6].
Altitude: 450 m (Vodni Pech Cave) – 1050 m (Prelaz Cave)
Habitat: Caves [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from several caves in the Western Stara Planina and Danubian Plain.
Chorotype: endemic of the Stara planina Mts and Danubian Plain.
Remark: STRASSER (1973) proposed the synonymy of S. popovi with S. spelaeophilus.
Cylindroiulus abaligetanus Verhoef, 1901
[1] STRASSER, 1973: 442, 443, 465. [2] KONDEVA, 1996: 129. [3] KONDEVA, 2000: 91.
[4] Allaiulus abaligetanus: KONDEVA, 2002: 418, 419, 420.
Localities: Strandzha Mts.: Kachul Locality near Malko Tarnovo [1], Bosna Ridge [2], near
Kosti [2], Indzhe Voivoda [3]; Black Sea Coast: Kiten [1].
Altitude: from the sea level (Kiten) to 360 m [4]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus cerris et Quercus frainetto [2], Fagus orientalis et Rhododendron
ponticum [2], Quercus sp. [3, 4]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from the central parts and periphery of Strandzha Mts.
Chorotype: Balkan-Anatolian. Known also from Hungary.
Cylindroiulus arborum Verhoef, 1928
[1] JAWLOWSKI, 1938: p 171. [2] STRASSER, 1966: 353. [3] STRASSER, 1969: 158. [4]
CHRISTOV, 1986b: 41.
Localities: Vitosha Mts.: near Boyana Waterfall [1, 2], Knyazhevo [2]; Sredna Gora Mts.:
Panagyurishte [4]; Kamchya Valley: Dolni Chilik [1, 2], Marin-Tepe near Dolni Chilik [3];
Black Sea Coast: Zlatni Pyasatsi [2].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni pyasatsi) to ca. 500-550 m [2, 4]
Habitat: Pinus nigra [4]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from three distant regions in the country situated in the
eastern, central and western parts of the country.
Chorotype: Central European.
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 45
Cylindroiulus bellus (Lignau, 1903)
[1] STRASSER, 1966: 354. [2] STRASSER, 1973: 442, 465.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: 1 M, Kardzhali Distr., Devesilitsa, 04.vi.1982, P. Beron leg., J.P.M.
det. [new record]; Strandzha Mts.: Gramatikovo [1]; Black Sea Coast: near Ropotamo [2].
Altitude: from the sea level (near Ropotamo) to ca. 250-300 m (Gramatikovo)
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from only from southeastern Bulgaria.
Chorotype: Pontian.
Cylindroiulus boleti (C.L. Koch, 1847)
[1] Julus boleti: JURINICH, 1904: 3, 36. [2] VERHOEFF, 1928: 28, 43. [3] SCHUBART,
1934: 36, 37, 43. [4] LANG, 1935: 179. [5] VERHOEFF, 1937: 114. [6] LANG, 1958: 36, 40, 41.
[7] STRASSER, 1966: 353. [8] STRASSER, 1969: 158. [9] CEUCA, 1973: 243. [10] CHRISTOV,
1983: 40. [11] CHRISTOV, 1984b: 97. [12] CHRISTOV, 1985: 95. [13] CHRISTOV, 1986a: 165,
166. [14] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 38. [15] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 21. [16] BERON,
1999: 15. [17] STOEV, 2003: 135. [18] KONDEVA, 2004: 306. [19] STOEV & LAPEVAGJONOVA, 2005: 134, 135, 136, 137, 139.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Botev Peak [4], Lakatnik Railway station [6], Shipka [6], Kotel [7], Petrohan Pass [8], Sinite Kamani Natural Park [new record]; Rhodopes Mts.: Ostrets
Peak near Velingrad [9]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location [7, 9], Knyazhevo [7], Boyana [7],
Dragalevtsi [8], Zlatni Mostove [15], Selimitsa Peak [15], Ostritsa Peak [15], Akademik [15],
Simeonovo [15, 19], Chuipetlovo [15], Bosnek [15], Bistritsa [15], 1 ad. M, 1 ad. F, Soia Distr.,
Zheleznitsa, Yarema Area, under stones in house yard, 30.v.2003, P.S. leg. & det. [new record];
Rila Mts.: Borovets (Cham Kuria) [3, 5, 6], Rila Monastery [3, 7, 8], Rila Monastery Natural
Park [17]; Pirin Mts.: near Bansko [6], FF, MM, 5 subad., Oshtavski mineral baths, west of Stara Kresna, 550 m, in ant-hill of Camponotus vagus (Scopoli), 10.iv.2004, A. Lapeva-Gjonova leg.,
P.S. det. [new record]; osogovo Mts.: near Bogoslov [1], Ruen Peak [2]; Sredna Gora Mts.:
Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mts. [10, 11], near Panagyurishte [14], Kukla Locality [14], Panagyurski
Kolonii Resort [14], Y. Kiskinov Hut [14], Turchinov Rad Locality [14], Oborishte Locality [14],
Bratiya Peak [14], Konska Polyana Locality [14], near Topolnitsa Dam [14], the upper current
of Luda Yana River [14], the road between Stara Zagora and Zmeyovo [14], Rozovo [14], G.
Dimitrov Dam [14], Domlyan Dam [14], the road between Strelcha and Panagyurishte [14],
Dushkov Pchelin Locality [14], Krastevich [14], Banya [14], Zlati Voivoda [14], Hisarya [14],
Lyulyakovitsa Locality [14], Iskar Dam [14], Verinsko [14], Suevtsi [14], Polyanovtsi Villge [14];
lozenska Planina Mt.: German [15], unspeciied location [18]; lyulin Mt. [6, 7]; Strandzha
Mts. [5]; Struma Valley: Kresna Gorge [4]; Black Sea Coast: Zlatni Pyasatsi (Uzun Kum) [7],
Sveti Konstantin [7], Aladzha Monastery [7], Poda Locality [7], near Ropotamo [7, 8], Primorsko [4], Arkutino Swamp [8]; Cities: Blagoevgrad [15], Dupnitsa (Stanke Dimitrov) [6].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni Pyasatsi, Ropotamo, etc.) to ca. 2200-2400 m [2, 16]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [3, 6, 12, 13, 14, 15], Pinus [6, 14, 18], Robinia pseudoacacia [6], Picea abies [6], Quercus dalechampii [11], Quercus petraea [14], Quercus petraea et Carpinus
orientalis [14], Quercus frainetto [14], Quercus pubescens [14], Quercus sp. et Carpinus betulus [14, 18];
ant-hills [19]
Distribution in Bulgaria: widespread in the country.
Chorotype: East European.
46 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Cylindroiulus horvathi (Verhoef, 1897)
[1] Cylindroiulus vitosae STRASSER, 1962b: 458, 459, 460. [2] C. vitosae: STRASSER, 1966:
356. [3] C. vitosae: STRASSER, 1969: 158. [4] STRASSER, 1973: 442. [5] C. vitosae: CHRISTOV,
1986b: 41. [6] C. vitosae: GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 22. [7] KORSÓS & READ,
1994: 844. [8] STOEV & LAPEVA-GJONOVA, 2005: 135, 137, 139.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Asenova Fortress [3]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location (type
locality!) [1, 2, 8], Knyazhevo [2], Zheleznitsa [6, 7], Chuipetlovo [6]; Sredna Gora Mts.: the
upper current of Luda Yana River [5]; Predbalkan: Lyaskovska Cave near Veliko Tarnovo [1];
lyulin Mt. [2]; thracian lowland: Pesnopoi [2]; Black Sea Coast: Asparuhovo near Varna
[3], near Ropotamo [3], Gyundyuza Locality [3].
Altitude: from the sea level (Ropotamo) to 1500 m [1]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus petraea et Carpinus orientalis [5]; Open habitats: meadows [6];
Caves [1].
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from the central and southern parts of the country.
Chorotype: East European.
Remark: KORSÓS & READ (1994) proposed the synonymy of C. vitosae with C. horvathi.
Cylindroiulus luridus (C.L. Koch, 1847)
[1] Julus luridus: JURINICH, 1904: 3, 37. [2] STRASSER, 1966: 352. [3] STRASSER, 1969:
157. [4] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 22. [5] STOEV, 2003: 135.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: near Vratsa [2]; Petrohan Pass [3]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied
location [2], near Boyana Waterfall [2], Bistritsa [4], Zheleznitsa [4], Ostritsa Peak [4], Dragalevtsi [4], Chuipetlovo [4], Selimitsa Peak [4], Zlatni mostove [4], Yarema Locality [4]; Rila Mts.:
Rila Monastery [2, 3, 4], Rila Monastery Natural Park [5]; Black Sea Coast: near Varna [1].
Altitude: 500-1630 m [2, 3, 4]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [4]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known from the higher mountains in central and southern Bulgaria, also from a single locality on the Black Sea coast.
Chorotype: Central European.
Enantiulus nanus (Latzel, 1884)
[1] Leptophyllum nanum: JAWLOWSKI, 1938: 171. [2] Leptophyllum nanum: LANG, 1958: 40.
[3] Leptophyllum nanum: STRASSER, 1966: 326. [4] Leptophyllum nanum: CHRISTOV, 1984a:
92. [5] Leptophyllum nanum: CHRISTOV, 1984b: 97. [6] Leptophyllum nanum: CHRISTOV, 1985:
95. [7] Leptophyllum nanum: CHRISTOV, 1986a: 165, 166. [8] Leptophyllum nanum: CHRISTOV,
1986b: 43. [9] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 22. [10] STOEV, 2003: 136.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Peshtera [2]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location [3], Edelvais
Hut [2], Fonfon Hut [2], near Boyana Waterfall [1, 3], Selimitsa Peak [9], Ostritsa Peak [9], Chuipetlovo [9], Zheleznitsa [9]; Rila Mts.: Borovets [2], Musala (Stalin) Hut [2], Rila Monastery
[1, 3], Parangalitsa Reserve [8], Rila Monastery Natural Park [10]; Pirin Mts.: Damyanitsa Hut
[2], near Bansko [2], 1 M, 1 F, below Peyo Yavorov Hut, 1600 m, 01.ix.2001, N. Simov leg., P.S.
det. [new record]; Sredna gora Mts.: Panagyurski Kolonii Resort [4, 8], the upper current of
Luda Yana River [8], Konska Polyana Locality [8], Sredniya Gyol Locality [8], Dushkov Pchelin
Locality [8].
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 47
Altitude: 500-2400 m [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9], Picea abies [2], Quercus dalechampii [5],
Quercus petraea [8]
Distribution in Bulgaria: mainly in the mountains in southwestern Bulgaria.
Chorotype: Central European.
Unciger transsilvanicus (Verhoef, 1899)
[1] Oncoiulus transsilvanicus: VERHOEFF, 1928: 37. [2] SCHUBART, 1934: 36, 46. [3] Oncoiulus
transsilvanicus: VERHOEFF, 1937: 114. [4] JAWLOWSKI, 1938: 171. [5] Oncoiulus transsilvanicus:
STRASSER, 1966: 360. [6] Oncoiulus transsilvanicus: STRASSER, 1969: 163. [7] CHRISTOV,
1983: 40. [8] CHRISTOV, 1985: 95. [9] CHRISTOV, 1986a: 166, 167. [10] CHRISTOV, 1986b:
52. [11] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 22. [12] STOEV, 2003: 136. [13] KONDEVA,
2004: 306.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: near Vratsa [5]; Vitosha Mts.: Knyazhevo [1], Boyana and
near Boyana Waterfall [5], Selimitsa Peak [11], Chuipetlovo [11], Zheleznitsa [11], Bistritsa [11];
Rila Mts.: Borovets (Cham Kuria) [1, 2], Pastra [3], Rila Monastery [4, 5, 6], Rila Monastery
Natural Park [12]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mts. [7], Panagyurski Kolonii
Resort [10], Sredniya Gyol Locality [10]; lozenska Planina Mt. [13]; lyulin Mt. [5].
Altitude: 800-1400 m [1, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [8, 9, 10, 11]; Open habitats: meadows [11]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known mainly from the mountains of western Bulgaria.
Chorotype: Central European.
Brachyiulus apfelbecki Verhoef, 1898
[1] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 23.
Localities: Kresna Gorge: Strumyani [1].
Altitude: 200 m [1]
Habitat: Open habitats: meadows [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from Kresna Gorge.
Chorotype: Balkan.
Brachyiulus bagnalli (Brolemann, 1924)
[1] STRASSER, 1966: 357.
Localities: Derventski Heights: 1 M, 1 F, Yambol Distr., Oman, under fallen trees and
barks in house yard, 04.v.2003, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Danubian Plain: Agricultural
Institute in Dobrudzha close to the Romanian border [1], near Orlovo [1].
Altitude: ca. 200-300 m [new data]
Habitat: Suburban habitat: under fallen trees and barks in house yard [new data]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from three localities in Danubian Plain and Derventski
Heights.
Chorotype: East Europaean.
Remark: This is the third ind of the species in the country, and the irst one outside
Danubian Plain.
48 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Brachyiulus lusitanus Verhoef, 1898
[1] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 23.
Localities: Pirin Mts.: Melnik [1], Musomishta [1], 1 M, between Pirin and Popovi Livadi
Pass, 900 m, under stones, 14.iv.1996, B. Petrov leg., P.S. det. [new record]; Derventski Heights:
1 M, Yambol Distr., Kamenets, disused quarry, 244 m, under stones, 30.iv.2005, P.S. leg. & det.
[new record]; Cities: 1 M, 1 F, Soia, City Park Loven, 27.iv.2003, R. Spasova leg., P.S. det. [new
record].
Altitude: 244-900 m [1, new data]
Habitat: Forest habitats: mixed forests [1]; Open habitats: meadows [1], stone debris in disused quarry [new data]; Urban habitats: city park [new data]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from ive distant localities in southern Pirin, Derventski
Heights and the city of Soia.
Chorotype: North Mediterranean? Introduced in the Australian and Nearctic regions.
Megaphyllum anatolicum denticulatum (Strasser, 1969)
[1] Chromatoiulus anatolicus denticulatus STRASSER, 1969, 162. [2] Chromatoiulus anatolicus
denticulatus: STRASSER, 1970: 465.
Localities: Derventski Heights: 3 MM, 1 F, Yambol Distr., Kamenets, disused quarry,
244 m, under stones, 30.iv.2005, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Black Sea Coast: Sozopol (type
locality!) [1].
Altitude: ca. 50-244 m [1, new data]
Habitat: Open habitat: stone debris in disused quarry [new data]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from two localities in southeastern Bulgaria.
Chorotype: endemic of the Strandzha Mts.
Megaphyllum beroni (Strasser, 1973)
[1] Chromatoiulus beroni STRASSER, 1973: 444, 455, 460.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Dyavolskoto Garlo Cave near Trigrad (type locality!) [1].
Altitude: 1150 m [1]
Habitat: Caves [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from its type locality.
Chorotype: endemic of the Rhodopes Mts.
Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoef, 1897)
[1] Brachyiulus bosniensis: VERHOEFF, 1937: 109. [2] Chromatoiulus bosniensis: STRASSER,
1966: 360. [3] Chromatoiulus bosniensis: STRASSER, 1969: 158. [4] Chromatoiulus bosniensis: CEUCA,
1973: 243. [5] Chromatoiulus bosniensis: CHRISTOV, 1986b: 47. [6] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA,
1992: 23. [7] STOEV, 2003: 135. [8] KONDEVA, 2002: 419, 420. [9] KONDEVA, 2004: 306,
308. [10] STOEV, 2004b: 304. [11] STOEV & LAPEVA-GJONOVA, 2005: 134, 137.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Sveti Konstantin Resort near Peshtera [2], Kosovo [2], Peshtera
[3], Beglika Hut [4], near Devin [4], near Pamporovo [4], Snezhanka Peak [4]; Vitosha Mts.:
unspeciied location [2, 4, 11], Knyazhevo [2], Boyana [2], Dragalevtsi [3], Selimitsa Peak [6],
Yarema Locality [6], Zheleznitsa [6], Chuipetlovo [6], Bosnek [6]; Rila Mts.: Borovets (Cham
Kuria) [1, 2], Pastra [1], Rila Monastery [2, 3], Rila Monastery Natural Park [7]; Sredna Gora
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 49
Mts.: Bunay Peak [5]; lozenska Planina Mt.: unspeciied location [9]; German [6], lyulin
Mt. [2]; Black Sea Coast: Zlatni Pyasatsi (Uzun Kum) [2], Aladzha Monastery [2]; Cities:
Blagoevgrad [6], Soia: Knyaz Borisovata Gradina, also Severen and Loven Parks [10], 2 MM, 2
FF, Soia, City Park Zapaden, 04.v.2003, R. Spasova leg. [new record].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni Pyasatsi) to 1400 m [5]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [6], Quercus [6], Quercus et Carpinus betulus [8, 9], Pinus
[9]; Open habitats: pastures [6]; Urban habitats [10]
Distribution in Bulgaria: various scattered locations mainly in Western Bulgaria; two records
from the Black Sea coast.
Chorotype: Balkan. Known also from Austria, Hungary and Italy.
Megaphyllum dentatum (Verhoef, 1898)
[1] ATTEMS, 1929: 331. [2] VERHOEFF, 1937: 117. [3] STRASSER, 1966: 330.
Localities: “Ostrumelien” [1].
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: reported by ATTEMS (1929) from East Rumelia (former region of
Bulgaria) without exact locality. Included in the STRASSER’S (1966) annotated list of Bulgarian
millipedes and Fauna Europaea data base (ENGHOFF & KIME, 2007).
Chorotype: Balkan.
Megaphyllum glossulifer (Schubart, 1934)
[1] Chromatoiulus glossulifer SCHUBART, 1934: 37, 46. [2] Chromatoiulus glossulifer: STRASSER,
1973: 443, 459, 460. [3] BERON, 1999: 15. [4] DELTSHEV et al., 2000a: appendix 4, p. 10,
appendix 5, p. 3, appendix 6, p. 2. [5] DELTSHEV et al., 2000b: appendix 4, p. 9, appendix 5:
p. 3, appendix 6, p. 5.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Central Balkan National Park [4]; Rila Mts.: Musala Hut
(type locality!) [1], Granchar Peak [2], Rila National Park [5].
Altitude: 2200-2400 m [1, 2, 3]
Habitat: Subalpine and Alpine Habitats [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from the higher parts of Rila and Stara Planina Mts.
Chorotype: Bulgarian.
Megaphyllum hercules (Verhoef, 1900)
[1] Brachyiulus unilineatus hercules: VERHOEFF, 1937: 107, 108. [2] Chromatoiulus unilineatus
hercules: STRASSER, 1966: 358 . [3] Chromatoiulus hercules: STRASSER, 1969: 159. [4]
GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 23. [5] DELTSHEV et al., 2000b: appendix 5, p. 3. [6]
STOEV, 2001: 105. [7] STOEV, 2003: 136.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Central Balkan National Park [5]; Rhodopes Mts.: Asenova
Fortress [1, 3], Kardzhali [2], Asenovgrad [2], Slashten [4], Hadzhidimovo [4]; Rila Mts.: near
Pastra [1], Rila National Park [5], Rila Monastery Natural Park [7]; Pirin Mts.: Melnik [4], 1 M,
3 FF, Sveti Iliya Hill near Kalimantsi, 450 m, 11.ix.2003, M. Langourov & S. Lazarov leg., P.S.
det. [new record]; Konyavska Planina Mt. [3]; thracian lowland: near Haskovo [2]; Mesta
Valley: Momina Klisura Gorge [1]; Struma Valley: Dolna Koznitsa [3], Sandanski [4]; Kresna
Gorge: Strumyani [4], P. Yavorov Railway Station [6].
50 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Altitude: 200-1100 m [3, 4]
Habitat: Forest habitats: mixed forests [4]; Open habitats: meadows [4]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known mainly from the southern regions of the country.
Chorotype: Balkan.
Remark: One of the specimens from Kalimantsi was attacked by the scuttle ly Megaselia
elongata (Wood, 1914) (M. Langourov det.), which is known to feed on the limpha of injured
animal.
Megaphyllum lictor (Attems, 1904)
[1] Brachyiulus lictor ATTEMS, 1904: 184. [2] Chromatoiulus lictor: STRASSER, 1966: 325, 359.
[3] Chromatoiulus lictor: STRASSER, 1969: 158. [4] Chromatoiulus lictor: STRASSER, 1973: 443. [5]
Chromatoiulus lictor: CHRISTOV, 1984a: 93. [6] Chromatoiulus lictor: CHRISTOV, 1986b: 45. [7]
GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 24. [8] KONDEVA, 2000: 93. [9] DELTSHEV et al.,
2000a: appendix 4, p. 10, appendix 5, p. 3. [10] KONDEVA, 2002: 418, 419.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Kush Bunar near Sliven (type locality!) [1], Tvarditsa Hut
between Tvarditsa and Elena [4], Central Balkan National Park [9]; Rhodopes Mts.: Asenova
Fortress [3]; Vitosha Mts.: Selimitsa Peak [7]; Sredna Gora Mts.: on the road between Strelcha
and Koprivshtitsa [5], Dushkov Pchelin Locality [6]; Strandzha Mts.: Dokuzak Locality near
Malko Tarnovo [2], Indje Voivoda [8]; Danubian Plain: Grivitsa [7]; Black Sea Coast: near
Ropotamo [3].
Altitude: 200-1500 m [4, 6, 7, 10]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus sp. [5, 7, 10], Quercus petraea et Quercus cerris [6], Quercus
petraea [6]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known mainly from the southern regions of the country.
Chorotype: East Balkan.
Megaphyllum rhodopinum (Verhoef, 1928)
[1] Brachyiulus rhodopinus VERHOEFF, 1928: 33, 34. [2] Brachyiulus rhodopinus and
unilineatus rhodopinus: VERHOEFF, 1937: 106, 107, 108. [3] Chromatoiulus unilineatus rhodopinus:
STRASSER, 1966: 358. [4] Chromatoiulus rhodopinus: STRASSER, 1969: 159. [5] Chromatoiulus
unilineatus rhodopinus: CEUCA, 1973: 243. [6] Chromatoiulus rhodopinus: STRASSER, 1973: 443.
[7] Chromatoiulus rhodopinus: CHRISTOV, 1984a: 93. [8] Chromatoiulus rhodopinus: CHRISTOV,
1986b: 46. [9] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 24. [10] STOEV, 2003: 136.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: near Batak (type locality!) [1, 4], Syutkya Peak [1], near Slashten
[2], near Breshten [2], Kosovo [3], Bachkovo Monastery [4], Chepelare [4], Yagodina [4], Dolna
Karanska Dupka Cave near Yagodina [4], Mihalkovo [4], Studenets Hut near Snezhanka Peak
[4, 5], Beglika Dam [5], Debrashtitsa [5], 1 M, 1 F, Asenovgrad Distr., Martsiganitsa Hut, Gyola
Area, Gargini Dupki Cave, 1367 m, 22.v.2005, P.S. & D. Delchev leg., P.S. det. [new record];
Vitosha Mts.: Zlatni Mostove [9], Zheleznitsa [9], Chuipetlovo [9]; Rila Mts.: Rila Monastery
Natural Park [10]; Slavyanka Mts. [2]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Koprivshtitsa Railway station [6],
near Panagyurishte [7, 8]; Mesta Valley: Banichan [9]; Cities: Petrich [3].
Altitude: 550-2100 m [1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [3], coniferous forests [7]; Open habitats: pastures [9],
meadows [9]; Caves [4]
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 51
Distribution in Bulgaria: mainly Southwestern Bulgaria; two records from Sredna Gora Mts.
Widely distributed in Western Rhodopes.
Chorotype: East Balkan.
Megaphyllum rossicum strandschanum (Verhoef, 1937)
[1] Brachyiulus strandschanus VERHOEFF, 1937: 109. [2] Brachyiulus strandschanus: LANG,
1958: 35. [3] Chromatoiulus rossicus strandschanus: STRASSER, 1969: 159. [4] Chromatoiulus rossicus
strandschanus: STRASSER, 1973: 444, 465.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Kardzhali [4]; Strandzha Mts. (without exact type locality!) [1];
Black Sea Coast: Tsarevo (Michurin) [3].
Altitude: from the sea level to ca. 300 m
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from the Eastern Rhodopes and Strandzha mountains.
Chorotype: East Balkan.
Megaphyllum transsylvanicum (Verhoef, 1897)
[1] Brachyiulus transsilvanicus: VERHOEFF, 1937: 109. [2] Chromatoiulus transsilvanicus:
STRASSER, 1966: 360. [3] Chromatoiulus transsilvanicus: STRASSER, 1969: 158 [4] Chromatoiulus
transsilvanicus: CHRISTOV, 1986b: 47. [5] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 24. [6]
KONDEVA, 2000: 91. [7] DELTSHEV et al., 2000a: appendix 5, p. 3. [8] KONDEVA, 2002:
418, 419, 420. [9] KONDEVA, 2004: 306. [10] STOEV, 2004a: 151.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Lakatnik Railway Station [2], Peshterata Cave near Beledie
Han [2], Svoge [3], Ptichata Dupka pot-hole near Troyan [2], Kotel [2]; Rhodopes Mts.:
Peshtera [3], Bachkovo Monastery [3], Chepelare [3], Druzhba pot-hole near Dobrostan [10];
Predbalkan: Karlukovo [2]; lozenska Planina Mt.: unspeciied location [9], German [5];
Strandzha Mts.: unspeciied location [1], Kachul Locality near Gramatikovo [2], Indje Voivoda
[5, 6]; Bakadzhishki Heights: 1 M, Yambol Distr., Voinishki Bakadzhik Hill near Voinika,
250-500 m, broad-leaved forest, grassland, under stones, 29.iv.2005, P.S. leg. & det. [new record];
Danubian Plain: Grivitsa [5]; Black Sea Coast: Zlatni Pyasatsi (Uzun Kum) [2], Aladzha
Monastery [2], Varna: Asparuhovo [3], Atya [3], Kiten [3], Primorsko [3], Tsarevo (Michurin)
[3], near Ropotamo [3], Sozopol [3], Galata Cape [3], Drachevo [5], Novo Panicharevo [5, 6],
Gabar [6], Prisad [6].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni Pyasatsi, Ropotamo) to ca. 1300 m (Ptichata Dupka pothole)
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus [5, 6, 8, 9], Carpinus betulus [6, 9], Pinus [9]; Open habitats:
pastures [5]; Caves [2, 10]
Distribution in Bulgaria: common species, so far not recorded from southwestern
Bulgaria.
Chorotype: East European.
Megaphyllum unilineatum (C.L. Koch, 1838)
[1] Julus unilineatus: JURINICH, 1904: 3, 4, 38. [2] Brachyiulus unilineatus: VERHOEFF, 1928:
28. [3] Brachyiulus unilineatus: LANG, 1935: 179. [4] Brachyiulus unilineatus and unilineatus degenerans
52 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
VERHOEFF, 1937: 106, 107, 108. [5] Chromatoiulus unilineatus: LANG, 1958: 40. [6] Chromatoiulus
unilineatus unilineatus: STRASSER, 1966: 358. [7] Chromatoiulus unilineatus: STRASSER, 1969: 159.
[8] Chromatoiulus unilineatus: CHRISTOV, 1983: 41. [9] Chromatoiulus unilineatus: CHRISTOV,
1986b: 46. [10] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 24. [11] KONDEVA, 2004: 306. [12]
STOEV, 2004c: 216.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Petrohan Pass [1], Stoletov Peak [5], near Aitos [4];
Rhodopes Mts.: near Bratsigovo [1], Brestovitsa [1], Bachkovo Monastery [1], Spahievo
(Siipeli) [1], Asenovgrad [6], Kardzhali [6], Sveti Konstantin Resort near Peshtera [6], between
Avren and Strazhets [12], 1 F, 4 juv., Kardzhali Distr., Tarnovtsi near Dzhebel, 05.vi.1982, P.
Beron leg., J.P.M. det. [new record]; Vitosha Mts.: Knyazhevo [6], Zheleznitsa [10]; Rila Mts.:
Borovets [5]; osogovo Mts. [1]; Belasitsa Mts. [3]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Sashtinska Sredna
Gora Mts. [8], near Panagyurishte [9]. Predbalkan: near Gabrovo [1], near Veliko Tarnovo [1,
5]; lozenska Planina Mt. [11]; thracian lowland: near Haskovo [1]; Shumensko Plateau:
Kyoshkovete [1]; Mesta Valley: Banichan [10]; Black Sea Coast: near Varna [1, 5, 6], Beloslav
[5], Sveti Konstantin [6]; Cities: Petrich [3], Plovdiv [7].
Altitude: from the sea level (Varna) to ca. 1300 m [8]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Robinia pseudoacacia [5], Picea abies [5], coniferous forests [8, 11], Pinus
sylvestris et Pinus nigra [9]; Open habitats: meadows [10]; Urban habitats [7].
Distribution in Bulgaria: various locations throughout the country.
Chorotype: East European. Known also from Majorca.
Balkanophoenix borisi Verhoef, 1937
[1] VERHOEFF, 1937: 112. [2] STRASSER, 1969: 163.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Suchata Cave near Lakatnik Station (type locality!) [1];
Rhodopes Mts.: near Chukurska River [1].
Altitude: from 460 m (Suchata Cave) to 800 m [1]
Habitat: Caves [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from Stara Planina Mts. and the Rhodopes.
Chorotype: Bulgarian.
Pachyiulus cattarensis (Latzel, 1884)
[1] Julus cattarensis: JURINICH, 1904: 4, 42. [2] VERHOEFF, 1928: 28, 41. [3] SCHUBART,
1934: 37, 48. [4] LANG, 1935: 179. [5] VERHOEFF, 1937: 114. [6] LANG, 1958: 36, 41. [7]
STRASSER, 1966: 361. [8] STRASSER, 1969: 164. [9] CEUCA, 1973: 244. [10] CHRISTOV,
1984a: 94. [11] CHRISTOV, 1984b: 97. [12] CHRISTOV, 1985: 95. [13] CHRISTOV, 1986a:
166. [14] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 52. [15] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 25. [16] STOEV,
2001: 105. [17] STOEV, 2003: 135.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: near Svoge [1], Koznitsa Peak near Petrohan Pass [1], Iskar
Gorge [5], close to Ledenika Cave near Vratsa [7], Macha Poliana near Vratsa [7], Zgorigrad near
Vratsa [7]; Yamata pot-hole near Lakatnik [7], Lakatnik [8], near Rebrovo Railway Station [7],
Peshterata Cave near Beledie Han [7], Botev Peak [4], Kotel [7]; Rhodopes Mts.: Bratsigovo [1],
Chepelare [1], Brestovitsa [1], Hvoina [1, 7], Bachkovo Monastery [1], Asenovgrad [7], Kardzhali
[7], Asenova Fortress [8], Bedenski Bani near Devin [8], on the road between Velingrad and
Yundola [9], near Devin [9], Ostrets Peak near Velingrad [9], Slashten [15]; Vitosha Mts.:
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 53
Boyana [7], near Studena Dam [7], Zlatni Mostove [15], Zheleznitsa [15], Chuipetlovo [15];
Rila Mts.: Borovets [7], Rila Monastery [3, 7, 8], Rila Monastery Natural Park [17]; Pirin Mts.:
Hotovo [7], Melnik [15], Musomishta [15], 1 M, between Pirin and Popovi Livadi Pass, 900 m,
under stones, 14.iv.1996, B. Petrov leg., P.S. det. [new record]; osogovo Mts.: Ruen Peak [2];
Belasitsa Mts. [4]; Sredna Gora Mts.: near Turiya [1], Panagyurishte [8], Sashtinska Sredna
Gora Mts. [10, 11], the upper current of Luda Yana River [14], Mecha Glava Locality [14],
Dushkov Pchelin Locality [14]; Konyavska Planina Mt. [8]; lyulin Mt. [7]; Bakadzhishki
Heights: 1 M, Yambol Distr., Voinishki Bakadzhik Hill near Voinika, 250-500 m, broad-leaved
forest, grassland, under stones, 29.iv.2005, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Derventski Heights:
2 MM, 1 F, Yambol Distr., Dennitsa, 200 m of crossroad to Stefan Karadzhovo, karst, Quercus
forest, shrubs, near road, under stones, 26.iii.2005, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Mesta Valley:
Banichan [15], Hadjidimovo [15]; Struma Valley: Skakavitsa Waterfall [8], Sandanski [15];
Kresna Gorge: Strumyani [15], P.Yavorov Railway Station [16]; Black Sea Coast: near Varna
[7], Zlatni Pyasatsi (Uzun Kum) [7], Zmiiski Island [7].
Altitude: from the sea level (Zlatni Pyasatsi) to 2200 m (Ruen Peak) [2]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [3, 12], Quercus dalechampii [10, 11], Quercus petraea et
Quercus cerris [14], Quercus cerris et Carpinus orientalis [14]; Open habitats: pastures [15], meadows
[15], limestone areas [15]; Caves [7]
Distribution in Bulgaria: very common species throughout the country; so far not recorded
from the Danubian Plain and Strandzha Mts.
Chorotype: Balkan.
Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881)
[1] Julus hungaricus: JURINICH, 1904: 41. [2] Iulus hungaricus: ANONYMOUS, 1907: 397. [3]
VERHOEFF, 1926b: 208. [4] P. hungaricus and P. hungaricus gracilis VERHOEFF, 1928: 28, 41.
[5] SCHUBART, 1934: 36, 37, 47. [6] LANG, 1935: 179. [7] P. hungaricus gracilis: VERHOEFF,
1937: 114. [8] LANG, 1958: 36, 40, 41. [9] GUÉORGUIEV & BERON, 1962: 305. [10]
STRASSER, 1966: 361. [11] STRASSER, 1969: 163. [12] CEUCA, 1973: 244. [13] CHRISTOV,
1984a: 93. [14] CHRISTOV, 1984b: 97. [15] CHRISTOV, 1985: 95. [16] CHRISTOV, 1986b:
48. [17] GOLEMANSKY & LIPA, 1991: 207. [18] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 25.
[19] KONDEVA, 1998: 90. [20] KONDEVA, 2002: 418, 419, 420. [21] STOEV, 2003 135. [22]
KONDEVA, 2004: 306. [23] STOEV, 2004a: 151.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Chepan Peak [7], Lakatnik Railway Station [4], Botev
(Yumrukchal) Peak [6], Shipka [8], Stoletov Peak [8], Kotel [10], Sinite Kamani Natural Park
[new record]; Rhodopes Mts.: near Bratsigovo [1], near Chepelare [1], Lepenitsa Cave near
Velingrad [7], Peshtera [8, 11], Yundola [10], Asenova Fortress [11], Bachkovo Monastery [11],
Mihalkovo [11], on the road between Velingrad and Yundola [12], 1 ad. M, Smolyan Distr.,
Koshnitsa, Prohodna (Kaleto) Cave, 19.vii.2005, T. Ivanova & I. Borissov leg., P.S. det. [new
record]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location [10], Boyana Waterfall [3, 7, 10], Boyana [10],
Knyazhevo [10], Bistritsa [17, 18], Zlatni mostove [18], Zheleznitsa [18], Selimitsa Peak [18],
Dragalevtsi [18]; Rila Mts.: at the foot of Tsarev Peak [1], Rila Monastery [3, 5, 8], near
Kostenets (type locality of P. h. gracilis!) [4, 10, 11], Borovets (Cham Kuria) [4, 5, 8, 10, 11],
Rila Monastery Natural Park [21]; Pirin Mts.: near Gotse Delchev [7], near Banderitsa River
[8]; Belasitsa Mts. [6]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Turiya [2], near Panagyurishte [13], Poibrene [16],
Turchinov Rad Locality [16], Konska Polyana Locality [16], Topolnitsa Dam [16], Oborishte
54 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Locality [16], Bratiya Peak [16], Iskar Dam [16], Verinsko [16], Barikadite Hut [16], Fenera Hut
[16], Rozovo [16], Dushkov Pchelin Locality [16], Tsarevi Slivi Locality [16]; Predbalkan: near
Gabrovo [1], Toplya Cave near Golyama Zhelyazna [22], Vodopada Cave near Krushuna [9];
lozenska Planina Mt. [22]; lyulin Mt. [8]; Danubian Plain: near Preslav [7], near Ladzhene
(Malchika) [7], Beglesh [18, 20], Krivokroi Locality [18], Ladzhenskata Cave near Lovech [23];
thracian lowland: near Haskovo [1]; Black Sea Coast: Yaila Locality [11]; Cities: Petrich
[6], Dupnitsa (Stanke Dimitrov) [8].
Altitude: 150-1500 m [3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [5, 8, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19], Pinus sp. [8], Picea abies [8],
Abies alba [8], Quercus dalechampii [13, 14], Quercus dalechampii et Quercus cerris [13], Quercus frainetto
[13, 16], Quercus petraea [16], Quercus petraea et Quercus cerris [16], Pinus nigra [16], Quercus sp. [18,
20], Quercus sp. et Carpinus betulus [16, 22]; Open habitats: meadows [18]; Caves [7, 22, 23]
Distribution in Bulgaria: common species throughout the country.
Chorotype: Carpathian-Balkan.
Remark: STRASSER (1966) considered P. hungaricus gracilis as nothing but a variety of P.
hungaricus.
Pachyiulus varius (Fabricius, 1781)
[1] Julus varius and Julus lavipes: JURINICH, 1904: 43. [2] Iulus varius: ANONYMOUS, 1907:
397. [3] Pachyiulus lavipes: VERHOEFF, 1928: 28. [4] Pachyiulus lavipes: LANG, 1935: 179. [5]
Pachyiulus lavipes: VERHOEFF, 1937: 114. [6] Pachyiulus lavipes: LANG, 1958: 36, 41. [7] Pachyiulus
lavipes: STRASSER, 1966: 331. [8] Pachyiulus lavipes: STRASSER, 1969: 164. [9] STRASSER,
1973: 446. [10] STOEV, 2004a: 151.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Petrohan Pass [1], Kalofer Monastery [1], Botev (Yumrukchal)
Peak [4]; Rhodopes Mts: Chepelare [1], Brestovitsa [1], Chepintsi [1], Bachkovo Monastery [1];
Rila Mts.: at the foot of Tsarev Peak [1]; Belasitsa Mts. [4]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Turiya [2];
Sakar Mt.: Dranchi Dupka pot-hole near Mramor [10]; Predbalkan: Reselets [9]; thracian
lowland: near Haskovo [1]; Black Sea Coast: near Varna [1], Primorsko [4], Sveti Toma Island
[5], Sozopol [8], Nesebar [8], Hristos Cape near Sozopol [8], FF, MM, Burgas Distr., Rezovo,
seacoast, beach, approx. 10 m of the water line and approx. 5 m of the sand, under stones in a
small rock niche, 29.viii.2004, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Cities: Petrich [4].
Altitude: from 0 m (new data) to ca. 1500 m (Petrohan Pass)
Habitat: Caves [10]; Open habitats: subhalophilic habiat: rock niche on the seacoast [new
record]
Distribution in Bulgaria: various locations throughout the country. Not recorded from the
north and central regions, Pirin, Vitosha, Slavyanka, Strandzha and other smaller mountains in
southwestern Bulgaria.
Chorotype: North Mediterranean. Known also from Malta.
Apfelbeckiella bulgarica Verhoef, 1926
[1] Apfelbeckiella bulgaricum VERHOEFF, 1926b: 206. [2] STRASSER, 1962b: 465, 466. [3]
STRASSER, 1966: 364, 365, 366, 367. [4] STRASSER, 1969: 165. [5] STRASSER, 1973: 446,
447, 449, 465. [6] KONDEVA, 1996: 129. [7] KONDEVA, 2002: 418, 419, 420. [8] STOEV,
2004a: 151.
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 55
Localities: Strandzha Mts.: near Bulgari (Wurgari) (type locality!) [1], Kachul Locality near
Gramatikovo [3], Kachulskata Propsat pot-hole near Gramatikovo [3], Kaleto Cave near Mladezhko [3, 8], Dokuzak Locality near Malko Tarnovo [3], near Fakya [6], Malkata Chuma Cave near
Byala voda [8]; Derventski Heights: Mecha Dupka Cave near Leyarovo [8], Popova Dupka Cave
near Golyam Dervent [5], Samardaala pot-hole near Voden [8], 2 FF, Yambol Distr., Oman, karst
hole in the middle of cornield, 246 m, under stones, 30.iv.2005, P.S. leg. & det. [new record].
Altitude: 250 m [7]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus cerris et Quercus frainetto [6], Quercus sp. [7]; Caves [3, 5, 8];
Open habitats: under stones in karst area situated in the middle of cornield
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from Strandzha Mts. and Derventsky Heights.
Chorotype: endemic of the Strandzha Mts.
Apfelbeckiella golemanskyi Ceuca, 1973
[1] CEUCA, 1973: 244. STRASSER, 1975: 76.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: near Batak (type locality!) [1], near Smolyan [1], near Devin [1].
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: missing data
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from three locations in Western Rhodopes Mts.
Chorotype: endemic of the Rhodopes Mts.
Apfelbeckiella trnowensis trnowensis (Verhoef, 1928)
[1] Typhloiulus trnowensis VERHOEFF, 1928: 32. [2] Typhloiulus trnowensis: LANG, 1935: 179.
[3] Typhloiulus trnowensis: VERHOEFF, 1937: 113. [4] Typhloiulus trnowensis: LANG, 1958: 36, 38,
41. [5] Typhloiulus trnowensis: STRASSER, 1962a: 2, 4, 5, 6, 63. [6] STRASSER, 1962b: 463, 465,
466. [7] STRASSER, 1966: 362, 363, 365, 366, 367, 369. [8] Apfelbeckiella trnovensis: STRASSER,
1969: 164, 165. [9] Apfelbeckiella trnovensis: STRASSER, 1973: 447, 448. [10] STOEV, 2004a: 152.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Dolnata Maaza Cave near Sliven [3]; Rhodopes Mts.:
Dolno Dryanovo [9]; Pirin Mts.: Banderitsa Valley [9]; Predbalkan: Prolazkata (Dupkata)
Cave near Prolaz [6, 10] Kalugerova Dupka Cave near Arbanasi (type locality!) [1, 6, 8], Golema
Podlistsa Cave near Veliko Tarnovo [1]; Shumensko Plateau: Katakombite (Labirinta) Cave
[8], Zandana Cave [10].
Altitude: ca. 400-600 m [8, 9]; the record from 1700 m [9] may refer to another subspecies
or species
Habitat: Caves [1, 3, 6, 8]
Distribution in Bulgaria: mainly known from caves in the Predbalkan and Stara Planina Mts.
Chorotype: Bulgarian.
Remark: Since the taxonomic status of some of the subspecies and species of the trnowensis
group is still uncertain, the records from Pirin and the Rhodopes may belong to closely related
but different taxa. Lang’s record (1935) from Primorsko (Kyupriya) may actually belong to the
closely related A. bulgarica.
Apfelbeckiella trnowensis deliormana Strasser, 1966
[1] Apfelbeckiella deliormana STRASSER, 1966: 363, 366, 367. [2] Apfelbeckiella deliormana:
STRASSER, 1969: 165. [3] Apfelbeckiella trnovensis deliormana: STRASSER, 1973: 448, 453.
56 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Localities: Danubian Plain: Tamnata Cave near Tabachka (type locality!) [1].
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: Caves [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: a single record from the Danubian Plain.
Chorotype: endemic of the Danubian Plain.
Apfelbeckiella trnowensis rhodopina Strasser, 1966
[1] Apfelbeckiella rhodopina STRASSER, 1966: 362, 363, 364, 366, 367. [2] Apfelbeckiella
rhodopina: STRASSER, 1969: 164, 165. [3] Apfelbeckiella trnovensis rhodopina: STRASSER, 1973:
448, 453. [4] STOEV, 2004c: 216.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Hasarskata Cave near Gorna Snezhinka (type locality!) [1],
Studenets Hut near Snezhanka Peak [2], Tilki Ini Cave near Kardzhali [1].
Altitude: from 220 m (Hasarskata Cave) to ca. 1600 m (Studenets Hut)
Habitat: Caves [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from caves in the Eastern Rhodopes Mts.
Chorotype: endemic of the Rhodopes Mts.
Rhodopiella beroni beroni (Strasser, 1966)
[1] Apfelbeckiella (Rhodopiella) beroni STRASSER, 1966: 368. [2] Mesoiulus (?) bulgaricus
GULIČKA, 1967a: 5. [3] Apfelbeckiella (Rhodopiella) beroni beroni: STRASSER, 1973: 448. [4]
MAURIÈS, 1982: 440. [5] STOEV, 2004a: 152. [6] STOEV, 2004c: 216.
Localities: Rhodopes Mts.: Erkyupria Cave near Mostovo (type locality!) [1], Popsko
[3], Mezek (type locality of M. bulgaricus!) [2], Karangil Cave near Shiroko Pole [6], Gouk In
Cave near Oreshari [6], Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen [6], Maarata Cave near Madrets [6];
Danubian Plain: Orlova Chuka Cave near Pepelina [5].
Altitude: from ca. 340 m (Karangil Cave) to 814 m (Erkyupria Cave)
Habitat: Caves [1, 5, 6]; known also from outdoor habitats.
Distribution in Bulgaria: several records from the Rhodopes Mts. and one isolated location
in the Danubian Plain.
Chorotype: East Balkan.
Remark: MAURIÈS (1978) raised Rhodopiella to full generic rank. STOEV (2004c)
synonymized M. bulgaricus with R. beroni. Besides Bulgaria, this species is known also from
Greece and Republic of Macedonia.
Rhodopiella beroni saetigera (Strasser, 1973)
[1] Apfelbeckiella beroni saetigera STRASSER, 1973: 448.
Localities: Strandzha Mts.: Kaleto Cave near Mladezhko (type locality!) [1].
Altitude: missing data
Habitat: Caves [1]
Distribution in Bulgaria: known only from the type locality.
Chorotype: endemic of the Strandzha Mts.
Rossiulus vilnensis (Jawlowski, 1925)
[1] Ommatoiulus vilnensis: CHRISTOV, 1986b: 55.
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 57
Localities: Sredna Gora Mts.: the upper current of Luda Yana River [1], the road Strelcha – Panagyurishte [1], Lyulyakovitsa Locality [1].
Altitude: 600-800 m [1]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Quercus sp. et Fagus sylvatica [1], Quercus frainetto [1], Carpinus orientalis [1]
Distribution in Bulgatia: known only from Sredna Gora Mts.
Chorotype: Central European.
Ommatoiulus sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
[1] Iulus sabulosus: CHRISTOVICH, 1892: 341. [2] Julus sabulosus: JURINICH, 1904: 41. [3]
Schizophyllum sabulosum: LANG, 1935: 179. [4] Schizophyllum sabulosum: LANG, 1958: 39, 40. [5]
Schizophyllum sabulosum: STRASSER, 1966: 326, 371. [6] Schizophyllum sabulosum: STRASSER, 1969:
165. [7] Schizophyllum sabulosum: CHRISTOV, 1983: 41. [8] Schizophyllum sabulosum: CHRISTOV,
1984b: 97. [9] CHRISTOV, 1985: 95. [10] CHRISTOV, 1986a: 165. [11] CHRISTOV, 1986b: 53.
[12] GOLOVATCH & KONDEVA, 1992: 25. [13] STOEV, 2003: 136.
Localities: Stara Planina Mts.: Lakatnik Railway station [4]; Rhodopes Mts.: Spahievo
(Siipeli) [2]; Vitosha Mts.: unspeciied location [4, 5], near Vreloto [1]; Zheleznitsa [12], Bistritsa
[12], Zlatni Mostove [12], 1 ad. M, 1 ad. F, 4 juv., Yarema Area, under stones and fallen trees
in house yard, 21-30.v.2003, P.S. leg. & det. [new record]; Rila Mts.: unspeciied location [3],
Borovets [6], Rila Monastery [4], Rila Monastery Natural Park [13]; Pirin Mts. [4]; osogovo
Mts. [2]; Belasitsa Mts. [3]; Sredna Gora Mts.: Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mts. [7, 8], Mecha
Glava Locality [11], Poibrene [11], the upper current of Luda Yana River [11], Polyanovtsi [11],
Bratiya Peak [11], Oborishte Locality [11], Fetintsi [11], Krastevich [11], Tsarevi Slivi Locality
[11], Dushkov Pchelin Locality [11], Panagyurski Kolonii Resort [11], Lyulyakovitsa Locality
[11], Iskar Dam [11], Verinsko [11], Groba Locality [11]; Penkyovska Planina Mt.: Treklyano
[6]; Danubian Plain: near Shumen [2]; thracian lowland: near Haskovo [2]; Black Sea
Coast: near Varna [2].
Altitude: 450-1600 m [4, 6, 7, 11, 12]
Habitat: Forest habitats: Fagus sylvatica [4, 9, 10, 11, 12], Robinia pseudoacacia [4], Quercus
dalechampii [8], Quercus petraea [11], Quercus petraea, Quercus cerris et Carpinus orientalis [11], Carpinus
orientalis [11], Pinus nigra [11] Pinus nigra et Quercus petraea [11], Pinus nigra et Pinus sylvestris [11],
Pinus nigra et Carpinus betulus [11], Quercus frainetto [11]; Open habitats: pastures [12]
Distribution in Bulgaria: numerous locations throughout the country.
Chorotype: European.
Discussion
In Bulgaria, the Julida are currently known to comprise 51 species and 3 subspecies, representing 21 genera and three families – Blaniulidae, Nemasomatidae and Julidae. This makes
Julida the richest in species millipede order in the country. The largest share (48 species) belongs
to the family Julidae (STOEV, 2007). Two species, Archiboreoiulus pallidus and Megaphyllum dentatum, have been reported from Bulgaria without mentioning their exact localities and were never
found since. Dubious is the occurrence of further eleven species, which are listed in Table 1.
They were recorded from the country by CHRISTOVICH (1892) and JURINICH (1904) – the
Species
Author
Locality
Leptoiulus macedonicus (Attems, 1927)
LANG, 1935
Belasitsa Mts.
Leptoiulus proximus (Nemec, 1896)
LANG, 1958
Rila Mts., near Musala Lakes, 2389 m alt.
Cylindroiulus meinerti (Verhoeff, 1891)
LANG, 1958
Lyulin Mts.; Vitosha Mts., Belite Brezi Hut; Vitosha Mts., above Fonfon Hut
Julus scandinavius Latzel, 1884
LANG, 1958
Near Rila Monastery, 1200-1300 m alt.
Julus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758
HRISTOVICH, 1892
Vitosha Mts., Studenata Voda
Unciger foetidus (C.L. Koch, 1838)
[1] JURINICH, 1904; [2]
LANG, 1958
Rila Mts., between Rila Monastery and Sedemte Rilski Lakes; Osogovo Mts.,
near Kyustendil [1], Lyulin Mts. [2]
Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport, 1842) sub
Julus longabo and Julus fallax
[1] JURINICH, 1904; [2]
ANONYMOUS, 1907; [3]
LANG, 1958
Stara Plaina Mts., near Kalofer Monastery; Rhodopes Mts., Byala Cherkva
Monastery, near Bachkovo Monastery and near Chepelare; Vitosha Mts.,
near Dragalevski Monastery; Rila Mts., between Rila Monastery and Sedemte
Rilski Lakes, at the foots of Brichebor and Tsarev peaks; Thracian Lowland,
Haskovski Mineralni bani and Spahievo Village [1], Rila Mts. [2], Lyulin Mts.;
Stara Planina Mts., Stoletov Peak; Rhodopes Mts., Peshtera; Vitosha Mts., Belite
Brezi Hut; Rila Mts., Borovets; Pirin Mts., Banski Suhodol [3]
Megaphyllum austriacum (Latzel, 1884)
JURINICH, 1904
Rhodopes Mts, Bachkovo Monastery and Chepelare; Thracian Lowland, near
Haskovo
Megaphyllum platyurum (Latzel, 1884)
JURINICH, 1904
Rhodopes Mts., Bachkovo Monastery
Megaphyllum projectus Verhoeff, 1894
LANG, 1958
Pirin Mts., Demyanitsa Hut, 1800 m alt.
Megaphyllum sjaelandicum (Meinert, 1868)
LANG, 1958
Pirin Mts., Banderitsa Valley
58 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Table 1
Doubtful records of Julida from Bulgaria
An annotated catalogue of the millipede order Julida... 59
irst generation of Bulgarian zoologists – as well as by LANG (1935, 1958), and were not found
by contemporary zoologists. Given the overall poor quality of Lang’s work on millipedes (see,
e.g. ENGHOFF, 2006), these records should be treated with doubt until re-conirmed with new
material. Christovich and Jurinich did not apply gonopod conformation for the determination
of species, so most likely some of their identiications were wrong too. In addition to these species, LANG (1958) also reported Typhloiulus albanicus Attems, 1929 from Temnata Dupka Cave
near Lakatnik. Being the type locality of another typhloiulid, i.e. T. bureschi, we assume that it is
a clear case of misidentiication. This is the reason for not including it even in the list of uncertain species. In a faunistic report about the fauna of Varna area MATZKE (2000) mentioned
the genus Tachypodoiulus for the Zlatni Pyasatsi Resort. This record is highly speculative, too.
The richest in species is the genus Megaphyllum represented in the country with 11 taxa,
followed by Typhloiulus and Cylindroiulus, each with 6 species. Slightly less diverse is the
pachyiulinae genus Apfelbeckiella represented in the country with 5 species.
Millipedes are primary (trophically) conined to forests, that is why we most often found
them in the forest litter. Almost two thirds of Bulgarian julids inhabit different types of
deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous forests. Only few of them, such as Cylindroiulus
arborum, Megaphyllum transsylvanicum and M. unilineatum, occur in pure coniferous forests. A
signiicant share of Bulgarian millipedes occurs in caves. Out of 68 hitherto registered cavedwellers, 24 species belong to Julida. Only species from the genera Typhloiulus and Serboiulus can
be considered true troglobites, while Rhodopiella and Apfelbeckiella, whose members are often
found also outside caves are most likely geobionts.
Some species like Ommatoiulus sabulosus, Pachyiulus cattarensis and P. varius, often inhabit open
habitats outside or inside forests. The latter species is also known from sublitoral areas in close
proximity to the water line. The millipedes living in urban habitats and in ant nests were studied
by STOEV (2004b) and STOEV & LAPEVA-GJONOVA (2005), respectively. However, these,
and other speciic habitats like MSS (mesovoid shallow substratum), intertidal zone, rodent burrows, tree trunks, etc., remain poorly investigated in Bulgaria.
Leptoiulus borisi and Megaphyllum glossulifer are the commonest julids in the subalpine and
alpine mountains belts (BERON, 1999). Found at the foot of the Vihren summit in Pirin Mts,
the former reaches almost as high as 2900 m and sets the upper limit of the julid distribution
in the country.
The level of endemism of the group in the country is extremely high – 19 taxa are hitherto
known only from Bulgaria, very often restricted only to one or another geographical region.
Further 9 species have wider distribution in the Balkan Peninsula. Some species surpass the
boundaries of Bulgaria, including parts of Carpathians (Xestoiulus fontisherculis, Typhloiulus strictus,
etc.) or Anatolia (Cylindroiulus abaligetanus). Northern complex (European, Central European,
East European and European – Anatolian species) comprise 17 species. Only one species,
namely Pachyiulus varius, has Mediterranean distribution. Cylindroiulus bellus can be considered
as Pontian element in the Bulgarian fauna. Within Bulgaria, the highest level of endemism is
registered in the Stara Planina Mts. and neighbouring mountain massifs Predbalkan and Sredna
Gora, where 7 endemic species occur. Three julids are known only from the Rhodopes Mts.,
two – from Strandzha, and one each from Pirin Mts. and Danubian Plain. However, we expect
that the zoogeographical characteristics of Bulgarian julids will change in the future, when the
millipede fauna of several poorly studied regions becomes better known.
60 Boyan Vagalinski & Pavel Stoev
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. J.-P. Mauriès for identifying part of the material. This project was
made possible with funding to P. Stoev from the Ministry of Education and Science, project
No. B-1523/05.
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Received: 30.05.2007
Authors’ addresses:
Boyan Vagalinski
Joliot Curie 69, bl. 312
1113 Soia, Bulgaria
E-mail: boyan_vagalinski@excite.com
Pavel Stoev
National Museum of Natural History
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1
1000 Soia, Bulgaria
E-mail: stoev@nmnh.bas.bg
Осъвременен каталог на разред Julida (Diplopoda) в България
Боян ВАГАЛИНСКИ, Павел СТОЕВ
(Резюме)
Представен е осъвременен каталог на видовете от разред Julida (Diplopoda:
Helminthomorpha) в България. Понастоящем в страната разредът наброява 3 семейства
– Blaniulidae, Nemasomatidae и Julidae, 21 рода, 51 вида и 3 подвида. Други единадесет вида
и род Thachypodoiulus са съобщени вероятно погрешно за България. Archiboreoiulus pallidus и
Megaphyllum dentatum са включени в списъка, въпреки че точните им находища са неизвестни. За всеки вид в каталожната част е дадена следната информация: 1) списък на статиите,
в които е съобщен за страната (с точните страници, на които е цитиран); детайлно разпространение по географски региони; местообитанията, в които е намерен до момента
в България; височинното разпространение; зоогеографската принадлежност; а понякога също и допълнителни таксономични бележки. Оригинални данни за 19 вида, включващи второто и третото находища в страната на редките стоножки Megaphyllum anatolicum
denticulatum и Brachyiulus bagnalli, допълват настоящото изследване. Направена е и кратка
характеристика на зоогеографската и хабитатната принадлежност на българските юлиди.
Historia naturalis bulgarica,
18: 64, 2007
Първа българска енциклопедия по спелеология
Павел СТОЕВ
BERON P., DAALIEV T., JALOV A. 2006. Caves and
Speleology in Bulgaria. Pensoft Publishers, Soia, 507 pp.
В пещерняшките среди отдавна се носеше слухът за подготвящата се книга
за пещерите и спелеологията в България. Трябваше обаче да минат поне три
години преди това да стане факт. Всеки, който по една или друга причина е
искал да получи информация за конкретна пещера в страната, е минавал по
трънливия път от прелистване на трудно намиращите се и вече доста остарели
книги на Петър Трантеев “Пещери - туристически обекти” (1965) и Владимир
Попов “Пътешествие под земята” (1982), продължителното ровичкане
из интернет до неизбежното разкарване до Българската федерация по
спелеология и губене на още ценно време в проверка на хилядите папки с описания и карти. Така стояха
нещата допреди тримата видни наши пещерняци Петър Берон, Трифон Даалиев и Алексей Жалов да
обединят усилията си и да напишат внушителна по обем (и не само!) книга за пещерите в България. В нея
е разгледана историята на спелеологията в България; научните изследвания, провеждани в българските
пещери; биографията на хората, участвали в изследването им; ролята на нашите спелеолози в проучването
на карстовите обекти по света и т.н., а също така са дадени описанията и картите на 260 от по-големите
български пещери. Написана на английски, книгата придобива още по-голяма стойност, тъй като
представя за първи път на световната спелеоложка общественост българските постижения и ясно показва
водещото място на страната ни в развитието на тази разнородна наука. Интерес представляват главите
за асоциираните с пещерите научни направления – карстология, биоспелеология, спелеоклиматология,
спелеохидрология и др., написани от авторите или съответните специалисти в областта. Едва след като
се запознае с историята и постиженията на тези научни направления в България, човек може да добие
ясна представа за колосалния труд, положен от стотиците знайни и незнайни пещерняци през вече близо
80-годишната история на организираното пещерно движение в България. Струва си да се отбележи, че
освен в Родината, български спелеолози са участвали в проучването на пещерите на над 45 държави от
почти всички континенти (без Австралия), включително и такива екзотични страни като Папуа-Нова
Гвинея, Тайланд, Малайзия, Зимбабве и Перу. По-големи спелеологични експедиции със сериозни
научни и научно-приложни резултати са провеждани в Куба, Гърция, Албания, Турция, Виетнам,
Китай и др. Биоспелеологията се развива в страната вече повече от 80 години, спелеоархеологията и
спелеопалеонтологията – над 100. В тези, а и в някои други спелеонауки в България вече има създадени
школи, в които работят учени от световна величина. Многобройните цветни и черно-бели снимки на
пещери и пещерни образувания, портретите на видни наши спелеолози, интересните моменти, уловени
от фотоапарата по време на проучвателните експедиции и интересният разказвателен стил правят
книгата лесно смилaема за всеки. Адмирации заслужава и издателство “Пенсофт”, което както винаги не
изневери на стила си и издаде едно луксозно четиво с оригинален дизайн. Дано авторите продължават
и занапред да популяризират все така активно спелеологията и, разбира се, не прекъсват с проучванията
на хилядите неизследвани пещери в страната и по света.
Pavel Stoev