38 Herzogia 28 (1), 2015: 38– 43 New distributional data for the moss Dicranum viride in Poland Adam Stebel, Stanisław Rosadziński, Sylwia Wierzcholska, Robert Zubel & Tomasz Paciorek Abstract: Stebel, A., Rosdziński, S., Wierzcholska, S., Zubel, R. & Paciorek, T. 2015. New distributional data for the moss Dicranum viride in Poland. – Herzogia 28: 38 – 43. Dicranum viride, a threatened European moss species, is an uncommon component of the bryoflora in Poland. This paper presents details of 27 new localities, a brief discussion on its occurrence, and provides a map of its current distribution in Poland. Zusammenfassung: Stebel, A., Rosdziński, S., Wierzcholska, S., Zubel, R. & Paciorek, T. 2015. Neue Daten zur Verbreitung des Laubmooses Dicranum viride in Polen. – Herzogia 28: 38 – 43. Dicranum viride ist eine gefährdete europäische Moosart und in der polnischen Bryoflora nicht häufig. Dieser Artikel präsentiert die Beschreibung der Fundorte von 27 Neufunden, eine kurze Diskussion über die Vorkommen sowie eine Karte der aktuellen Verbreitung in Polen. Key words: Dicranum viride, mosses, distribution, threatened species, Poland. Introduction Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (Fig. 1) is a Holarctic species with scattered locations throughout Poland but concentrated in the lower parts of the Carpathians (Stebel 2006a). It was placed on the list of bryophytes protected by the Bern Convention in 1978, and is mentioned in Annex II of the Habitat Directive in 1992. In Europe D. viride is on the “Red-list of European Bryophytes”, in category V (Schumacker & Martiny 1995). In Poland this species has been placed on the list of strictly protected plants (Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of Poland, 2014), and it is considered to be threatened (threat category R) (Żarnowiec et al. 2004). The main purposes of this paper are: (1) to provide information about new localities of. D. viride, (2) to give remarks about its contemporary occurrence in Poland and (3) to provide a map of the current distribution of this species in Poland. New Locations West Pomerania: Wolin Island – Woliński National Park, Z. Czubiński reserve, 53º57'45.8'', N 14º30'15.8''E, a small amount on a log of Fagus sylvatica in the Melico-Fagetum forest, alt. 50 m (leg. S. Rosadziński, 13 Sept 2014, POZG). Podlasie Lowland: Biebrzańska Basin – Biebrza National Park, ‘Grzędy’ strictly protected area, 53º36'43.4''N, 22º48'53.7''E, a leaning Carpinus betulus in Tilio-Carpinetum forest; two turfs at about 1.8 m height of trunk (leg. S. Rosadziński, 14 Sept 2013, POZG). New to Biebrza National Park. Bielska Plain – Białowieża National Park, 8.9 km NW of Białowieża, 52º45'57.51''N, 23º46'45.75''E, an erratic rock in Tilio-Carpinetum forest, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme, alt. 170 m (leg. S. Rosadziński, 03 Stebel et al.: New distributional data for the moss Dicranum viride in Poland 39 May 2013, POZG); strictly protected area, forest compartment No. 256, eight locations: (1) 52°45'46.95''N, 23°51'51.55''E, Carpinus betulus bark in fertile oak-linden-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera complanata, Platygyrium repens, Radula complanata (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 15 Sept 2014), (2) 52°45'52.62''N, 23°52'01.17''E, Alnus glutinosa bark in black alder bog forest Ribo nigri-Alnetum, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme and Orthodicranum montanum (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 4 Sept 2014), (3) 52°45'50.36''N, 23°52'31.17''E, Carpinus betulus bark in fertile oak-linden-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum, associated with Homalothecium sericeum, Neckera pennata and Metzgeria furcata (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 30 Aug 2014), (4) 52°45.741'N, 23°52.365'E, Fraxinus excelsior log in fertile oak-linden-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme, Zygodon rupestris, Platygyrium repens and Radula complanata (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 30 Aug 2014), (5) 52°45'48.02''N, 23°52'25.13''E, Fraxinus excelsior log in streamside alder-ash forest Circaeo-Alnetum, associated with Aneura pinguis, Campylium stellatum and Hypnum cupressiforme (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 30 Aug 2014), (6) 52°45'52.24''N, 23°52'28.30''E, Carpinus betulus snag in fertile oak-lindenhornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera complanata and Isothecium alopecuroides (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 30 Aug 2014), (7) 52°45'49.14''N, 23°52'23.30''E, Fraxinus excelsior log in streamside alder-ash forest Circaeo-Alnetum, associated with Aneura pinguis, Platygyrium repens, Leucodon sciuroides and Hypnum cupressiforme (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 27 Aug 2014), 52°46'19''N, 23°51'54''E, Fraxinus excelsior log in streamside alder-ash forest Circaeo-Alnetum, associated with Homalothecium sericeum, Leucodon sciuroides, Hypnum cupressiforme and Frullania dilatata (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 27 Jun 2014), (8) 52°46'15.06''N, 23°52'13.95''E, Tilia cordata log in fertile oak-linden-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme and Rosulabryum moravicum (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 01 Oct 2014); forest compartment No. 369, two locations: (1) 52°43'49.86''N, 23°49'25.31''E, Fraxinus excelsior log in streamside alder-ash forest CircaeoAlnetum, associated with Aneura pinguis, Metzgeria furcata and Hypnum cupressiforme (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 26 Sept 2014), (2) 52°43'51''N, 23°49'26''E, Fraxinus excelsior log in streamside alder-ash forest Circaeo-Alnetum, associated with Platygyrium repens, Hypnum cupressiforme and Ulota crispa (leg. S. Wierzcholska, 26 Sept 2014). Polish Highlands: Roztocze Środkowe – Roztocze National Park, Świerszcz stream valley 50º34'15.69''N, 22º59'16.80''E, log of Fagus sylvatica (size of turf approximately 1m2) and scanty as an epiphyte on bark of Pinus sylvestris (a few turfs at 1.6 –1.8 m height) in Abietetum polonicum forest (leg. S. Rosadziński, 16 Sept 2013, POZG); ‘Czerkies’ strictly protected area, forest compartment No. 237, 50°35'30.7''N, 23°02'41.1''E, 31 cushions (each ca. 1 cm2) on the bark of beech in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum forest, alt. 310 m (leg. R. Zubel, 21 May 2009, LBL), associated with: Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, Platygyrium repens, Plagiothecium cavifolium, P. laetum, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Dicranum scoparium, Amblystegium serpens, Metzgeria furcata, Radula complanata and Lophocolea heterophylla; Jarugi-Maziarki protective district, 1.2 km to NE of Dębowiec forester’s lodge, forest compartment No. 13, 50°39'15.8''N, 23°02'24.2''E, a few very small (each ca. 1 cm2) cushions on the bark of three beeches in Tilio-Carpinetum caricetosum forest, alt. 270 m (leg. R. Zubel, 8 Aug 2009, LBL). All sites are new to the Roztocze National Park. Świętokrzyskie Mountains – Świętokrzyski National Park, ‘Dębno’ protected area, forest compartment No. 136b, 50°53'12.8''N, 20°56'22.5''E, quartzite stone in Fagus sylvatica forest (leg. T. Paciorek, 12 Aug 2012, KRAM). Sudetes: Góry Opawskie range – ‘Olszak’ nature reserve, 50º17' 20.1''N, 17º26'12.4''E, shaded rock outcrops in deciduous forest, associated with Hypnum cupressiforme, alt. 378 m (leg. A. Stebel, 4 Sept 2014, SOSN). Carpathians: Gorce range – Gorce National Park, Łopuszna stream valley, 49º31'27.9''N, 20º07'26.5''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica near Łopuszna stream, alt. 808 m (leg. A. Stebel, 28 Sept 2013, SOSN). New to Gorce National Park. Beskid Niski range – Magura National Park, Mt. Baranie, 49º26'35.4''N, 21º35'38.7''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica, alt. 732 m (leg. A. Stebel, 1 Aug 2013, SOSN); Baranie stream valley near Polany, 49º27'34.8''N, 21º33'43.1''E, sandstone in Carpathian beech forest, alt. 530 m (leg. A. Stebel, 4 Jul 2014, SOSN); Filipowska pass, 49º25'09.2''N, 21º31'07.0''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica in Carpathian beech forest near Pomianka stream, alt. 654 m (leg. A. Stebel, 2 Jul 2014, SOSN); Kiczera Żydowiańska Mt., 49º28'50.3''N, 21º27'56.4''E, western slope, bark of dead Fagus sylvatica, alt. 485 m (leg. A. Stebel, 2 Jul 2013, SOSN); Huta Krempska village, 49º29'04.8''N, 21º31'07.0''E, eastern part, bark of Fagus sylvatica, alt. 514 m (leg. A. Stebel, 2 Aug 2013, SOSN); Huta Polańska village, 49º26'45.4''N, 21º31'57.1''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica near Pomiarka stream, alt. 482 m (leg. A. Stebel, 25 Aug 2013, SOSN); Kolonia Olchowiec village, south-western part, three sites: (1) 49º27'08.4''N, 21º35'17.2''E, rotten wood in mixed forest, alt. 645 m (leg. A. Stebel, 1 Aug 2013, SOSN), (2) 49º27'13.4''N, 21º35'49.1''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica in beech forest, alt. 549 m (leg. A. Stebel, 1 Aug 2013, SOSN), (3) 49º27'13.1''N, 21º35'43.0''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica in beech forest, alt. 580 m; Ożenna village, near the Ożenna-Ciechania road, four sites: (1) 49º26'47.1''N, 21º29'28.6''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica in beech forest, alt. 640 m (leg. A. Stebel, 4 Aug 2013, SOSN), (2) 49º26'30.8''N, 21º29'03.4''E, bark 40 Herzogia 28 (1), 2015 of Fagus sylvatica in beech forest, alt. 633 m (leg. A. Stebel, 4 Aug 2013, SOSN); (3) 49º26'36.0''N, 21º29'14.2''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica, alt. 654 m (leg. A. Stebel, 4 Aug 2013, SOSN), (4) 49º26'36.2''N, 21º29'09.8''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica, alt. 648 m; Wilsznia village, northern part, two sites: (1) 49º27'18.8''N, 21º37'23.6''E, sandstone in Fagus sylvatica forest, alt. 560 m, (2) 49º27'18.3''N, 21º37'22.4''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica, alt. 562 m (leg. A. Stebel, 1 Aug 2013, SOSN); Żydowska Góra Mt., three sites: (1) 49º27'56.2''N, 21º30'52.6''E, south-western slope, sandstone boulder in Carpathian beech forest, alt. 695 m (leg. A. Stebel, 3 July 2014, SOSN), (2) 49º28'08.9''N, 21º30'55.7''E, north-western slope, bark of Fagus sylvatica in Carpathian beech forest, alt. 709 m (leg. A. Stebel, 3 July 2014, SOSN), (3) 49º27'41.5''N, 21º31'01.7''E, southern slope, bark of Fagus sylvatica near small stream, alt. 620 m (leg. A. Stebel, 3 July 2014, SOSN); Beskid Niski Range – Jaśliski Landscape Park (Źródliska Jasiołki nature reserve): NW slope of the Kanasiówka (Baba) Mt. near the blue tourist trail, 49°21'16.4''N, 21°55'30.0''E, on the bark of Fagus sylvatica in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum association, alt. 700 m (leg. R. Zubel, 8 Oct 2007, LBL), associated with Hypnum cupressiforme, Dicranum scoparium, Lophocolea heterophylla and Metzgeria furcata; summit of the Kanasiówka (Baba) Mt. (W part), near the red tourist trail, 49°20'51.5''N, 21°55'50.0''E, on the bark of Fagus sylvatica, at the base, in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum association, alt. 725 m (leg. R. Zubel, 8 Oct 2007, LBL); summit of the Kanasiówka (Baba) Mt. near the red tourist trail, 49°20'53.2''N, 21°56'50.6''E, on the bark of sycamore in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum association, alt. 810 m (leg. R. Zubel, 8 Oct 2007, LBL), associated with Metzgeria furcata, Pterigynandrum filiforme and Plagiomnium cuspidatum; between Moszczaniec village and the Kanasiówka (Baba) Mt., 49°21'27.0''N, 21°56'58.6''E, the species occurs along the green tourist trail, fairly abundant on the bark of beeches and sycamores, alt. range 750 – 800 m (leg. R. Zubel, 8 Oct 2007, LBL), associated with Anomodon attenuatus, Radula complanata and Metzgeria furcata. At present the Beskid Niski range seems to be one of the main centres of the occurrence of Dicranum viride in Poland. Przemyskie Foothills – Arłamów, 49º36'23''N, 22º37'56.3''E, about 500 m northwards from the ‘Turnica’ nature reserve, old beeches near a car park growing on a slope near Turnica stream, alt. 455 m (leg. A. Stebel, 24 Aug 2013, SOSN); Braniów Mt., eastern slope, 49º33'1''N, 22º36'21''E, bark of Fagus sylvatica in beech forest in a ravine near the blue tourist trail from Jureczkowa to Arłamów villages, alt. 537 m (leg. A. Stebel, 24 Aug 2013, SOSN). Fig. 1: Dicranum viride in Białowieża Primeval Forest (photo by S. Wierzcholska, 20 June 2014). Stebel et al.: New distributional data for the moss Dicranum viride in Poland 41 Fig. 2: Current distribution of Dicranum viride in Poland arranged in relation to the ATMOS grid system 10 × 10 km. Final remarks In Poland the number of locations of Dicranum viride has clearly increased in recent years, but the causes of this phenomenon is unclear. They could be due to (1) the intensification of field research, (2) special attention paid to this species by bryologists after its protection by law or (3) the improvement of some environmental conditions, for example air conditions. Newly discovered locations are mainly in the eastern part of Poland, where the species seems to be quite frequent. However, during the last investigation, in 1987–1991 in the same plots in Białowieża National Park - Strictly Protected Area, forest compartment no. 256, Dicranum viride was not observed (Żarnowiec 1995). Almost all specimens were collected from the bark of deciduous trees; only single locations were on rock and boulders. The current distribution of this species, based on data since 1990 (Armata 2008, 2012, Rusińska et al. 2010, Sawicki 2010, Stebel 2006b, 2008, Stebel & Fojcik 2003, Stebel & Ochyra 2000, Stebel & Stebel 1998, Stebel & Żarnowiec 2010, Stebel et al. 2008, 2004, 2011, 2013, Wierzcholska et al. 2010), is presented in figure 2. Acknowledgments The research leading to these results received funding from the Polish-Norwegian Research Programme operated by the National Centre for Research and Development under the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009 –2014 in the frame of Project Contract No. Pol-Nor/196829/87/2013. Additionally, the contribution by R. Zubel was financially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through grant no. 2 P04G 101 30 and the contribution by T. Paciorek was financially supported in the frame of Project for Young Scientists and the participants of the PhD studies by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. 42 Herzogia 28 (1), 2015 References Armata, L. 2008. A contribution to the moss flora of the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians. − In: Stebel, A. & Ochyra, R. (eds). Bryophytes of the Polish Carpathians. Pp. 169−178. – Poznań: Sorus. Armata, L. 2012. Nowe stanowisko widłozęba zielonego Dicranum viride na Lubelszczyźnie. – Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą 68: 225−228. Regulation of the Minister of the Environment (Poland) of 9 October 2014 on wild species of plants under protection. – Journal of Laws (2014), item 1409. Rusińska, A., Górski, P., Stebel, A., Rosadziński, S., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Wilhelm, M., Wolski, G. J., Fudali, E., Gos, K. & Gos, L. 2010. 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Manuscript accepted: 19 January 2015. Communicated by: Christian Berg Stebel et al.: New distributional data for the moss Dicranum viride in Poland 43 Addresses of the authors Adam Stebel, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy with Branch of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. E-mail: astebel@sum.edu.pl Stanisław Rosadziński, Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland. E-mail: stanros@gmail.com Sylwia Wierzcholska, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Sportowa 19, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland. E-mail: sylwia.wierzcholska@gmail.com Robert Zubel, Department of Botany and Mycology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland. E-mail: robert.zubel@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl Tomasz Paciorek, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31512 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: tomasz.paciorek@vp.pl