Abstract
The confusing delineation of G. kishtvariense from its close kins is discussed here. Detailed notes on updated taxonomy, important distinguishing characters, distribution, conservation status as well as field and microscopic photographs are also provided. Additionally, a neotype for this name has also been designated here.
References
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<p>Don, D. (1825) <em>Prodromus Florae Nepalensis</em>. London, 240 pp.</p>
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<p>Isbell, F., Calcagno, V. & Hector, A., Connolly, J., Harpole, W.S., Reich, P.B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Tilman, D., van Ruijven, J., Weigelt, A., Wilsey, B.J., Zavaleta, E.S. & Loreau, M. (2011) High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. <em>Nature</em> 477: 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10282</p>
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<p>Mishler, B.D., Knerr, N., Gonzaìlez-Orozco, C.E., Thornhill, A.H., Laffan, S.W. & Miller, J.T. (2014) Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity and neo and paleo-endemism in Australian. <em>Acacia</em>. <em>Nature Communications </em>5 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5473</p>
<p>Nasir, Y.J. (1983) Geraniaceae<em>. In:</em> Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Pakistan</em>. No. 149.University of Karachi, Pakistan, pp. 1–43.</p>
<p>Perrino, E.V., Silletti, G.N., Erben, M. & Wagensommer, R.P. (2018) <em>Viola cassinensis </em>subsp.<em> lucana </em>(Violaceae), a new subspecies from the Lucanian Apennine, southern Italy. <em>Phyton (Horn, Austria) </em>58 (2): 109–115. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton58(2)-2018-0109</p>
<p>Picard, C. (1837) Etude sur les Geraniees. <em>Mém. Soc. Agric. Sci. Arts Boulogne-sur-Mer</em> 1: 95–138.</p>
<p>Raina, S.K. (1983) <em>Monographic studies on Geraniaceae of Kashmir</em>. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Kashmir University, Srinagar. 1–208 pp.</p>
<p>Rouy, G. (1897) <em>Geranium</em> L. <em>In:</em> Rouy, G. & Foucaud, J. (Eds.)<em> Flore de France, 4.</em> Asnieres & Paris, 313 pp.</p>
<p>Roxburgh, W. (1824) <em>Flora Indica; or, Descriptions of Indian plants, by the late William Roxburgh. Edited by Dr. William Carey; to which are added descriptions of plants more recently discovered by Dr. Nathaniel Wallich. Vol. 2.</em> Mission Press, Serampore, India, 2: 450.</p>
<p>Shishkin, B.K. & Bobrov, E.G. (1963) <em>Flora of the USSR: Geraniales, Sapindales, Rhamnales </em>(<em>Vol. 14). </em>Israel program for Scientific Translations.</p>
<p>Sprengel, C. (1825) <em>Systema vegetabilium</em> 2. Gottingae, 159 pp.</p>
<p>Sweet, R. (1821) <em>Geraniaceae </em>1. Ridgway, London, 90 pp.</p>
<p>Trautvetter, E. R. von. (1860) <em>Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, </em>33 (1). Moscow, 459 pp.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrir, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen</em>, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Wagensommer, R.P., Perrino, E.V. & Silletti, G.N. (2014) <em>Carex phyllostachys</em> C. A. Mey. (Cyperaceae) New for Italy and Phytogeographical Considerations. <em>Phyton</em> 54 (2): 215–222.</p>
<p>Wagensommer, R.P. & Venanzoni, R. (2021) <em>Geranium lucarinii </em>sp. nov. and re-evaluation of<em> G. kikianum </em>(Geraniaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 489 (3): 252–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.3.2</p>
<p>Wagh, V.V., Datt, B. & Hussain, T. (2015) An assessment of the diversity of genus <em>Geranium </em>L. (Geraniaceae) in India with special emphasis on Indian Himalayan region. <em>Journal of Biodiversity Management and Forestry </em>4: 2 https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-417.1000140</p>
<p>Wagh, V.V. & Hurrah, I.A. (2020) A new species of <em>Geranium</em> (Geraniaceae) from Himachal Pradesh, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 452 (1): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.452.1.7</p>
<p>Wallich, N. (1829) <em>A numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company’s Museum, collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta.</em> London, 289 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1917</p>
<p>Xu, L. & Aedo, C. (2008) Geraniaceae. – <em>In: </em>Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>. Science Press, Beijing and Miss. Bot. Gard. Press, pp. 7–30.</p>
<p>Yeo, P.F. (1984) Fruit-discharge-type in <em>Geranium</em> (Geraniaceae): Its use in classification and its evolutionary implications. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em>89: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1984.tb00998.x</p>
<p>Aedo, C. (2017) Taxonomic revision of <em>Geranium </em>Sect. <em>Ruberta </em>and <em>Unguiculata </em>(Geraniaceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden </em>102: 409–465. https://doi.org/10.3417/D-16-00016A</p>
<p>Aedo, C., Garcia, M.A., Alarcon, M.L., Aldasoro, J.J. & Navarro, C. (2007) Taxonomic Revision of <em>Geranium</em> Subsect. <em>Mediterranea</em> (Geraniaceae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32 (1): 93–128. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407780360111</p>
<p>Brand, A. (1915) <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis </em>13 (381–382): 546. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870133602</p>
<p>Brown, R. (1810) <em>Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae van-Diemen</em>. 420 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52309</p>
<p>Don, D. (1825) <em>Prodromus Florae Nepalensis</em>. London, 240 pp.</p>
<p>Edgeworth, M.P. & Hooker, J.D. (1874) Geraniaceae. <em>In</em>: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) <em>The Flora of British India</em>. Vol I. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 426–433.</p>
<p>Environmental Systems Resource Institute (2020) ArcGIS Help 10.2, 10.2.1, and 10.2.2. [http://resources.arcgis.com/en/ help/main/10.2/index.html]</p>
<p>Guerin, G.R., Biffin, E., Baruch, Z. & Lowe, A.J. (2016) Identifying Centres of Plant Biodiversity in South Australia. <em>PLoS ONE</em> 11 (1): e0144779. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144779</p>
<p>Isbell, F., Calcagno, V. & Hector, A., Connolly, J., Harpole, W.S., Reich, P.B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Tilman, D., van Ruijven, J., Weigelt, A., Wilsey, B.J., Zavaleta, E.S. & Loreau, M. (2011) High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. <em>Nature</em> 477: 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10282</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. </em>Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf]</p>
<p>Jussieu, A.L. de (1789) <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. T. Barrois, Paris, 268 pp.</p>
<p>Knuth, R. (1923) Geraniaceae novae. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 19: 229. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19230191406</p>
<p>Lindley, J. (1840) <em>Edwards’s Botanical Registe</em>r, vol. 3. Ridgway, London, 26: t, 67 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum </em>1-2<em>.</em> L. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Malhotra, C.L. (1997) Geraniaceae<em>. Flora of India</em>, vol. IV. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 62‒94.</p>
<p>Mishler, B.D., Knerr, N., Gonzaìlez-Orozco, C.E., Thornhill, A.H., Laffan, S.W. & Miller, J.T. (2014) Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity and neo and paleo-endemism in Australian. <em>Acacia</em>. <em>Nature Communications </em>5 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5473</p>
<p>Nasir, Y.J. (1983) Geraniaceae<em>. In:</em> Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Pakistan</em>. No. 149.University of Karachi, Pakistan, pp. 1–43.</p>
<p>Perrino, E.V., Silletti, G.N., Erben, M. & Wagensommer, R.P. (2018) <em>Viola cassinensis </em>subsp.<em> lucana </em>(Violaceae), a new subspecies from the Lucanian Apennine, southern Italy. <em>Phyton (Horn, Austria) </em>58 (2): 109–115. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton58(2)-2018-0109</p>
<p>Picard, C. (1837) Etude sur les Geraniees. <em>Mém. Soc. Agric. Sci. Arts Boulogne-sur-Mer</em> 1: 95–138.</p>
<p>Raina, S.K. (1983) <em>Monographic studies on Geraniaceae of Kashmir</em>. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Kashmir University, Srinagar. 1–208 pp.</p>
<p>Rouy, G. (1897) <em>Geranium</em> L. <em>In:</em> Rouy, G. & Foucaud, J. (Eds.)<em> Flore de France, 4.</em> Asnieres & Paris, 313 pp.</p>
<p>Roxburgh, W. (1824) <em>Flora Indica; or, Descriptions of Indian plants, by the late William Roxburgh. Edited by Dr. William Carey; to which are added descriptions of plants more recently discovered by Dr. Nathaniel Wallich. Vol. 2.</em> Mission Press, Serampore, India, 2: 450.</p>
<p>Shishkin, B.K. & Bobrov, E.G. (1963) <em>Flora of the USSR: Geraniales, Sapindales, Rhamnales </em>(<em>Vol. 14). </em>Israel program for Scientific Translations.</p>
<p>Sprengel, C. (1825) <em>Systema vegetabilium</em> 2. Gottingae, 159 pp.</p>
<p>Sweet, R. (1821) <em>Geraniaceae </em>1. Ridgway, London, 90 pp.</p>
<p>Trautvetter, E. R. von. (1860) <em>Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, </em>33 (1). Moscow, 459 pp.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrir, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen</em>, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Wagensommer, R.P., Perrino, E.V. & Silletti, G.N. (2014) <em>Carex phyllostachys</em> C. A. Mey. (Cyperaceae) New for Italy and Phytogeographical Considerations. <em>Phyton</em> 54 (2): 215–222.</p>
<p>Wagensommer, R.P. & Venanzoni, R. (2021) <em>Geranium lucarinii </em>sp. nov. and re-evaluation of<em> G. kikianum </em>(Geraniaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 489 (3): 252–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.3.2</p>
<p>Wagh, V.V., Datt, B. & Hussain, T. (2015) An assessment of the diversity of genus <em>Geranium </em>L. (Geraniaceae) in India with special emphasis on Indian Himalayan region. <em>Journal of Biodiversity Management and Forestry </em>4: 2 https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-417.1000140</p>
<p>Wagh, V.V. & Hurrah, I.A. (2020) A new species of <em>Geranium</em> (Geraniaceae) from Himachal Pradesh, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 452 (1): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.452.1.7</p>
<p>Wallich, N. (1829) <em>A numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company’s Museum, collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta.</em> London, 289 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1917</p>
<p>Xu, L. & Aedo, C. (2008) Geraniaceae. – <em>In: </em>Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>. Science Press, Beijing and Miss. Bot. Gard. Press, pp. 7–30.</p>
<p>Yeo, P.F. (1984) Fruit-discharge-type in <em>Geranium</em> (Geraniaceae): Its use in classification and its evolutionary implications. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em>89: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1984.tb00998.x</p>