Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia (M. Bieb.) Čelak.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus:  Crepis// Species:  Crepis foetida L.// Subspecies: Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia (M. Bieb.) Čelak.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided in Flora Europaea (Sell in Tutin et al., 1976).

Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from West and South Europe to East Europe and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Grasslands, pastures, rocky terrains, roadsides.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL, AUG.

 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – fruiting capitulum with ripe achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – stems with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – lower cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – inner achenes (left) and marginal achenes (right). Scale in mm. Specimen from the Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia – receptacle with ciliate pits. Scale in mm. Specimen from Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Sell, P. D. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 344-357.

Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia (M.Bieb.) Čelak. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77181783-1 [Accessed 21.07.2022].

Xeranthemum annuum L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Xeranthemum// Species: Xeranthemum annuum L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided in Flora Europaea by Webb in Tutin et al. (1976).

Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Central and South Europe to Central Asia and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Dry and open habitats – Dry grasslands, pastures, rocky terrains, clearings of forests.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.

Xeranthemum annuum – habit in habitat. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – involucre of capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – involucre of capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – lower part of plant – stems with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Xeranthemum annuum – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Webb, A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 211-212.

Xeranthemum annuum L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260959-1 [Accessed 20.07.2022].

Turritis glabra L. (syn. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.)

Taxonomy: Fam. Brassicaceae// Genus: Turritis // Species: Turritis glabra L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1995) as Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Marhold, 2011) is Turritis glabra L.

Lifeform: Biennial or perennial. The first year of the life cycle is characterized by vegetative growth and formation of basal rosette. The generative stage occurs in the second year, when stem with inflorescence is produced.

Distribution: Native to the Temperate Northern Hemisphere (North America and Eurasia); Northwest Africa; Kongo to Kenya and Tanzania according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Sparse woods and edges of forests.

Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY,JUN, JUL.

Turritis glabra – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – inflorescence. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – siliques. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – siliques. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – siliquewith seeds. The seeds are aligned in two rows. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – siliquewith seeds. The seeds are aligned in two rows. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – siliquewith seeds. The seeds are aligned in two rows. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – stem with leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – stem with leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Turritis glabra – basal leaves and roots. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Micevski, V. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Turritis glabra L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:290916-1 [Accessed 19.07.2022].

Turritis glabra. Marhold, K. (2011+): Brassicaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://www.europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/eb49fdd6-eafe-48db-bf5b-81181755efc3 [Accessed 07.07.2021]

Onopordum acanthium L. subsp. acanthium

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Onopordum// Species: Onopordum acanthium L.// Subspecies: Onopordum acanthium L. subsp. acanthium.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by do Amaral Franco in Tutin et al. (1976).

Lifeform: Biennial; the first year of the lifecycle is vegetative (basal rosette stage). Flowering and fruiting occurs in the second year.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Xinjiang, West Himalaya and Arabian Peninsula; Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Usually found on disturbed ground- in and near settlements, roadsides, waste places and other ruderal areas.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL, AUG.

Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – stem with capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – spent capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – stem with vings and upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – stem with wings and cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – lower cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – lower cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – arachnoid indumentum of stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium – developing stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77180335-1 [Accessed 17.07.2022].

do Amaral Franco, J. in Werner, K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 244-248.

Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Cirsium// Species: Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Werner in Tutin et al. (1976) and Gajić in Josifović (1975).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to the Balkan Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med Plantbase (source: Greuter, 2006+).

Habitat:  Wet places and streams in the subalpine belt.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.

Cirsium appendiculatum – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – terminal part of stem with capitula. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – terminal part of stem with capitula. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – capitula. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – capitulum. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – capitulum. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – involucre of developing capitulum. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – involucral bracts. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – spent capitulum. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – plant with developing capitula and leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – stem. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – stem with leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – stem with lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cirsium appendiculatum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Cirsium appendiculatum. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/ea3edb97-3b12-4d35-9d2e-3f11acfa0904 [Accessed 17.07.2022].

Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:195012-1 [Accessed 17.07.2022].

Gajić, M. in Josifović (1975). Flora SR Srbije VII. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 196-220.

Werner, K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 232-242.

Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. subsp. officinalis

Taxonomy: Fam. Lamiaceae// Genus: Stachys// Species: Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.// Subspecies: Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. subsp. officinalis.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Ball in Tutin et al. (1972), Diklić in Josifović (1974) and Matevski in Matevski (2021).

Distribution: Native from Europe to West Siberia and Caucasus, Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal – Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (accepted as Betonica officinalis L.).

Habitat: Grasslands in the montane region.

Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.

Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – habit. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – habit. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – habit. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – habit. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – habit. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – inflorescence. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – inflorescence. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – inflorescence. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – flowers. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – inflorescence. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – flowers. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – flowers and bracts. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – flowers, bracts and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – bracts and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – persistent rosettes of leaves and axillary flowering stems. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – persistent rosettes of leaves and axillary flowering stems. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – stem. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – basal leaves and lower part of axillary flowering stem. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – basalleaves leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – basal leaves. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis subsp. officinalis – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo –  region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – inflorescence. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – lower vertcillaster – flowers and bracts. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – lower verticillaster – flowers, bracts and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – stem with cauline leaves and lower verticillaster. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – cauline leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – basal leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – basal leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stachys officinalis – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Betonica officinalis L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:445133-1 [Accessed 16.07.2022].

Rod Stachys L. Diklić, N. in Josifović, M. (1974). Flora SR Srbije VI. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 409 – 432.

Stachys L. (incl. Betonica L). Ball, P.W. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1972). Flora Europaea. Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 151 – 157.

Stachys L. Matevski, V. in Matevski, V. The Flora of the RN Macedonia Vol II, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, pp. 270 – 301.

Last update: 03.01.2024.

Campanula cervicaria L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Campanulaceae// Genus: Campanula// Species: Campanula cervicaria L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Fedorov and Kovanda in Tutin et al. (1976).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Siberia and Mongolia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Grasslands and clearings of forests in the European beech forest belt.

Flowering period:  Summer: JUN, JUL.

Campanula cervicaria – habit. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – habit. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – habit. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – inflorescence. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – inflorescence. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – inflorescence. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – stem with leaves. Osogovo – Kormina, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – calyces and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – stem with cauline leaves and lateral inflorescences. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – stem with cauline leaves and lateral inflorescences. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – adbaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – stem. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – root and withered basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – inflorescence. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – inflorescence. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – bracts and flowers with hispid corola. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – bracts and flowers with hispid corolla. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – bracts and flowers with hispid corolla. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – stem with cauline leaf and spent flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – lower part of stem with lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – capsules. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – lower part of stem and basal leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula cervicaria – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Campanula cervicaria L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:140089-1 [Accessed 14.07.2022].

Campanula L. Fedorov, A. A. (spp. 1-104) and Kovanda, M. (spp. 105-143) in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 74-93.

Last update: 22.11.2023.

Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang. (syn. Medicago xvaria Martyn)

Taxonomy: Fam. Fabaceae// Genus: Medicago // Species: Medicago sativa L.// Nothosubspecies: Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided in Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1968) as the hybrid between M. falcata and M. sativa (M. xvaria Martyn). In The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 2010) this taxon is accepted as Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.

Lifeform: Perennial. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Caucasus to Central Asia and Iran; introduced elsewhere according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew). Also native to parts of Europe and Turkey according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 2010). In the Osogovo region it is found in the vicinity of village of Beli, where the distribution range of the two parental forms overlaps.

Habitat:  Found in open habitats- dry grassland/ hill pastures, alongside roads.

Flowering period:  Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG.

Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowering stems. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowering stems. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – pods. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – pods. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – pods. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – pods. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – lower part of plant – stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – lower part of plant – stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – stem with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – stem with developing inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 30.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia. The Euro+Med PlantBase. Source: ILDIS World Database of Legumes 2010. (copyright © ILDIS). Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=72060&PTRefFk=8500000 [Accessed 14.07.2022].

Medicago × varia Martyn. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:506488-1 [Accessed 14.07.2022].

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman

Taxonomy: Fam. Cystopteridaceae// Genus: Gymnocarpium// Species: Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med PlanBase (source: Christenhusz & Raab-Straube, (2013+).

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1985).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to the Temperate Northern Hemisphere- Europe to Russian Far East, Northeast China and Japan; North America – to Southwestern United States according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew).

Habitat:  Moist and shady places in the zone of European beech forests.

Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – fronds. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – fronds. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – pinnae with pinnules. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – adaxial side of pinnae. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of pinnae with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of pinnae with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – rhizome. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Gymnocarpium dryopteris. Christenhusz, M. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2013+): Polypodiopsida. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameCache=Dryopteris%20filix-mas&PTRefFk=7500000 [Accessed 10.07.2022].

Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17112110-1 [Accessed 10.07.2022].

Micevski, K. (1985). The Flora of SR Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 1. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Alcea biennis Winterl subsp. biennis (syn. Alcea pallida (Willd.) Waldst. & Kit. subsp. pallida)

Taxonomy: Fam. Malvaceae// Genus: Alcea// Species: Alcea biennis Winterl.// Subspecies: Alcea biennis Winterl subsp. biennis.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Micevski in Micevski (1998) as Alcea pallida (Willd.) Waldst. & Kit. and Webb in Tutin et al. (1968) as Alcea pallida (Willd.) Waldst. & Kit. subsp. pallida. The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Valdés & Raab-Straube, 2011+) is Alcea biennis Winterl. subsp. biennis.

Distribution: Native from East Central and Southeast Europe to Türkiye according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Grasslands/ pastures, shrublands and clearings of oak forests.

Lifeform: Biennial.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.

Alcea biennis subsp. biennis– habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis– habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis– habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – stem with flowers and flower buds. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flower buds. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – flower – reproductive parts and base of petals with yellow coloration. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – side view of flowers- calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – side view of flowers- calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – side view of flower- calyx and epicalyx. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – spent flowers with developing schizocarps and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – spent flowers with developing schizocarps and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – developing fruit – schizocarp. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – stem. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – stem with tomentose indumentum. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – plants in the first (vegetative) year of the life cycle – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – plants in the first (vegetative) year of the life cycle – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – leaf petiole. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – leaf petiole. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – habit at the end of the life cycle (senescence). Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – ripe fruit – mericarps. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..
Alcea biennis subsp. biennis – ripe fruit – mericarps. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the Svilanovo region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..
Alcea biennis – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – inflorescence with flower buds. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – flower. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – flower. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – spent flower with calyx and epicalyx and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – fruit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – basal leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Alcea biennis – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Alcea biennis. Valdés, B. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2011+): Malvaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b5b69eac-0de7-49f9-bc39-f0835c45e208 [Accessed 09.07.2022].

Alcea biennis Winterl. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558650-1 [Accessed 09.07.2022].

Alcea L. Webb, D.A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 253 – 254.

Alcea L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 835 – 838.

Last update: 04.02.2024.