Taxonomy : Fam. Compositae// Genus: Sonchus // Species: Sonchus oleraceus L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided in Flora Europaea Vol. 4 (Tutin et al., 1976).
Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Europe, West Asia, Macaronesia, North and West Africa to East Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Disturbed ground – alongside roads, cultivated land, urban and suburban areas.
Flowering period: Spring -fall: MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV.
Sonchus oleraceus – habit. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – habit. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – flowering stems with capitula. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – flowering stems with capitula. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – capitula. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – capitulum. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – capitulum. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – capitulum. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – involucre of capitulum. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – involucre of capitulum. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – involucre of capitulum. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – achenes. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – achenes. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – upper cauline leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – cauline leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – cauline leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – lower cauline leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – lower cauline leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – basal leaves. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – basal leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – leaf lobes. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – adaxial side of leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – abaxial side of leaf. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – lower part of plant. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus oleraceus – stem. Kochani, 16.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.References:
Sonchus oleraceus L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250268-1 [Accessed 23.10.2022].
Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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