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The Pathogen

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Powdery Mildew Disease of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management

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Abstract

On the basis of morphological, pathological, host range, anatomical, phylogenetical, and developmental features, and characteristics of the powdery mildew fungus at anamorph, and teleomorph states the major causal organism of crucifer’s powdery mildew has been identified as Erysiphe cruciferarum. Under artificial inoculation conditions three other powdery mildew fungi viz., Golovinomyces cichoracearum, G. orontii, and Oidium neolycopersici are able to complete their anamorph state on a crucifers weed Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis–powdery mildew host-pathosystem has been used recently as a model system for molecular and genetical studies all over the world. Morphological features of all the four powdery mildew species pathogenic to crucifers’, Brassica species, and Arabidopsis have been described as observed on the host species. Classification, taxonomy, and nomenclature of powdery mildew pathogens of crucifers have been updated on the basis of features on the surfaces of powdery mildew conidia revealed through scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy at anamorph state where teleomorph state was absent. The four powdery mildew species pathogenic on crucifers have been distinguished on the basis of conidial size, shape, appearance, number of conidia per conidiophore, conidiophores shape, and size, haustoria, hyphal branch angles, conidial germination with respect to temperature, relative humidity, light, and substrate, size of chasmothecia, asci, ascospores, number of ascospores per chasmothecium, and type of appendages. Phylogenetics relationship of crucifers powdery mildew with other powdery mildew species has been determined through sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA, and sequence comparison of DNA encoding the 5.8s, rRNA, and ITS2. The powdery mildew pathogen genomes, and transcriptomes have been determined. Powdery mildew fungi have sizeable genomes, which are about four times larger than those of other ascomycetes. The number of coding genes in the powdery mildew genomes is comparatively low. The structure of powdery mildew family, Erysiphaceae, the position of genes Erysiphe, its sections, and subsections Golovinomyces, key to the recognized genera, and species of the family, and relationship within the family have been exploited.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

    Govind Singh Saharan & Naresh K. Mehta

  2. Crop Protection Unit, ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India

    Prabhu Dayal Meena

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  2. Naresh K. Mehta
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  3. Prabhu Dayal Meena
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Saharan, G.S., Mehta, N.K., Meena, P.D. (2019). The Pathogen. In: Powdery Mildew Disease of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9853-7_3

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