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Predaceous Diving Beetle Sexual Systems

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Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

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Abstract

Diving beetles have an impressively diverse array of morphological and behavioral attributes associated with sexual systems. These include anatomical dimorphisms with males and females exhibiting many secondary sexual features, behavioral dimorphisms in precopulatory and copulatory activities, extensive variation in male and female genitalia, and sperm complexity that includes sperm conjugation and heteromorphism. Many of these attributes appear to be correlated, suggesting emphasis by certain clades on particular sexual systems. For example, members of Dytiscinae appear to emphasize pre-insemination sexual selection with female resistance behavior possibly associated with oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) of females during copulatory activities, which take place over many hours of mate guarding. In this case, males have large adhesive disks on their protarsi used to better overcome a resistant female, whereas females have modified pronotal and elytral cuticle that interfere with male adhesive disks. This group also has among the simplest male sperm and female reproductive tract morphology, suggesting more limited post-insemination selection, but strong pre-insemination sexual antagonism. In contrast, members of Hydroporinae have no obvious pre-insemination mating behaviors and only short mating durations. This group also has dramatically complex female reproductive tracts and male sperm morphology including conjugation and heteromorphism suggesting intensity in post-insemination sperm choice, sperm cooperation, and sperm competition. Here, dytiscid sexual attributes are reviewed along with discussion of dytiscid sexual system evolution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Kelly B. Miller

  2. Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden

    Johannes Bergsten

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  1. Kelly B. Miller
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  2. Johannes Bergsten
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Correspondence to Kelly B. Miller .

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  1. School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA

    Donald A. Yee

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Miller, K.B., Bergsten, J. (2023). Predaceous Diving Beetle Sexual Systems. In: Yee, D.A. (eds) Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01245-7_4

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