Abstract
The ecology and seasonal development of Ranunculus nipponicus in nonfreezing watercourses on the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (59° N) have been studied. Year-round vegetation and flowering without the formation of a resting stage of the water crowfoot has been reported for the first time for the territory of Russian Federation. During all months of the year, the shoot growth, the formation of young roots, buds, and cleistogamous flowers are observed at an average monthly water temperature of +0.1°C to +5.8°C. The most intensive formation of young roots takes place in February–March and the underwater flowers appear en masse in late March–early April; neither phenomena are associated with an increase in water temperature. Cleistogamous flowering rarely leads to seed ripening, possibly due to a water temperature that is too low.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to I.V. Uchuev and V.A. Ostapchenya for help in carrying out field works (Magadansky State Nature Reserve), O.N. Vokhmina and L.A. Zelenskaya (Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences), and A.A. Bobrov (Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences) for advice on writing this article.
Funding
This work was carried out within the framework of state tasks (theme no. 115020430035, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, theme no. AAAA-A18-118012690095-4, Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences) and with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects nos. 15-29-02498-ofi_m and16-04-01308-a).
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Andriyanova, E.A., Mochalova, O.A. & Movergoz, E.A. Ecology and Seasonal Development of Ranunculus nipponicus Nakai (Batrachium, Ranunculaceae) in Nonfreezing Watercourses on the Northern Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. Inland Water Biol 12, 401–408 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082919040023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082919040023