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Cyphellostereum ushimanum sp. nov. (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) described from Amami-Oshima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture, Ryukyu Islands), Japan, with ultrastructural observations of its Rhizonema photobiont filaments penetrated longitudinally by a central haustorium

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Abstract

We collected a resupinate fungus lichenized with filamentous Rhizonema cyanobacteria in Amami-Oshima Island, Japan. Microscopic observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses of both the basidioma and the lichenized thallus indicated affinities within Cyphellostereum, the first record of this basidiomycete genus from Japan. Its unique combination of structural characters and ITS rDNA sequences suggests a new species, described here as C. ushimanum. Light and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed tubular intracellular haustoria penetrating longitudinally within the cyanobacterial cells, a feature typically seen in the related genus Dictyonema, but unusual in Cyphellostereum. The generic circumscription of Cyphellostereum was therefore emended to include features of C. ushimanum and other recently described species that deviate from the conventional definition of the genus. Ultrastructural details of symbiont interactions are provided for the first time in this genus. We also succeeded in cultivating the fungus from hyphae regenerated from thallus fragments, and include a brief description of those results.

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Data availability

The holotype specimen of Cyphellostereum ushimanum described in this study was deposited in the herbarium of the Osaka Museum of Natural History (OSA; Osaka, Japan). The ex-type living culture was deposited in the NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC; Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan). All sequence data generated in this study are available at GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/). The alignment file can be accessed via TreeBASE (http://www.treebase.org).

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Acknowledgements

We address special thanks to Dr. William B. Sanders for his valuable comments throughout the manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) 19J11217 (to HM) and 19H03281 (to YD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Hiroshi Masumoto

  2. Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, 1278-294, Sugadaira-kogen, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan

    Hiroshi Masumoto & Yousuke Degawa

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  1. Hiroshi Masumoto
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  2. Yousuke Degawa
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Isolation and identification of Cyphellostereum ushimanum were completed by HM. Morphological characteristics were measured and documented by HM. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses were completed by HM. Culture deposition and sequence submission were completed by HM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HM and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was supervised by YD. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hiroshi Masumoto.

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Masumoto, H., Degawa, Y. Cyphellostereum ushimanum sp. nov. (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) described from Amami-Oshima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture, Ryukyu Islands), Japan, with ultrastructural observations of its Rhizonema photobiont filaments penetrated longitudinally by a central haustorium. Mycol Progress 21, 167–179 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01766-w

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