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Another lineage of secotioid fungi is discovered: Psathyrella secotioides sp. nov. from Mexico

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Abstract

An epigeous fungus forming sequestrate basidiomata with reduced lamellae is described as new to science. A phylogeny based on ITS, LSU, and ef-1α markers demonstrate that P. secotioides nests with strong support in the Psathyrellaceae, more precisely in the Psathyrella candolleana clade, representing the first secotioid form known in the Psathyrellaceae. Psathyrella secotioides is sister to a clade encompassing P. candolleana, P. badiophylla, P. leucotephra, and P. hymenocephala. Dark brown spores without a germ pore and a hymeniform pileipellis structure are synapomorphic characters shared with the rest of the species of the P. candolleana clade (Psathyrella sect. Spintrigerae). On the contrary, longer spores with thicker walls, and the apparent loss of cheilocystidia are derived characters, probably linked with producing secotioid basidiomata and related to the loss of forcible spore discharge. Estimation of divergence times using a molecular clock suggests that Psathyrella secotioides diverged from the core P. candolleana group around 3.6–5.1 Mya (1.6–9.5), approximately when the climate aridization that originated the Sonoran desert started. Psathyrella secotioides is described macro- and microscopically in detail, and microphotographs under optical microscope and SEM are provided.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. L. Monje and Mr. A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá for his help in the digital preparation of the photographs, to Dr. J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium for his assistance with the specimens examined in the present study. We thank Maria Prieto for advise in the molecular dating analyses.

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Author notes

  1. I. Olariaga

    Present address: Botany Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, Svante Arrhenius väg 7, Stockholm, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences (Botany), University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    G. Moreno & M. Heykoop

  2. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 83000

    M. Esqueda

  3. Department of Life Sciences (Botany), University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    I. Olariaga

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  1. G. Moreno
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Correspondence to G. Moreno.

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Moreno, G., Heykoop, M., Esqueda, M. et al. Another lineage of secotioid fungi is discovered: Psathyrella secotioides sp. nov. from Mexico. Mycol Progress 14, 34 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1057-8

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