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Development of appressoria on conidial germ tubes of Erysiphe species

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Mycoscience

Abstract

Modes of branching of appressoria on conidial germ tubes of 36 Erysiphe spp. were studied. Only unlobed appressoria, termed alobatus pattern, were seen in E. lonicerae, E. magnifica and E. symphoricarpi. Viewed from above with light or scanning electron microscopes, other species had ± irregular lobing, but from below in the plane of contact with the substrate successive dichotomous branchings at 120° were seen to produce a five-lobed appressorium within 6 h. Each division produced a temporarily dormant outward-facing lobe and an inward limb that continued growth and division to form the axis of curved, hooked, single- or double-headed symmetrical or asymmetrical structures in a helicoid cyme-like pattern. Outlines of extracellular material after removal of germinated conidia confirmed this manner of branching. After 36 h some lobes re-divided forming botryose or jigsaw patterns even extending with extra appressoria to form candelabra-like structures. Conidia developed only one true germ tube; rarely secondary unswollen tubes emerged from spare shoulders or ends. The same true germ tubes developed initially on host surfaces, where secondary tubes and/or extensions from appressorial lobes grew into colony-forming hyphae. Lobed appressoria of Neoerysphe and Phyllactinia also branched at 120°. Podosphaera xanthii exhibited a simpler branching pattern.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the staff of RHS Garden, Wisley, for technical assistance, Dr. B. Spooner, RBG Kew, for herbarium accessions of key specimens, Prof. H. Toyoda, Kinki University, for discussion on appressorial development in Oidium neolycopersici, and Prof. S. Takamatsu, Mie University, for assistance with the preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 30 Galtres Avenue, York, YO31 1JT, UK

    Roger T. A. Cook

  2. Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle/S, Germany

    Uwe Braun

  3. FERA, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK

    Paul A. Beales

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  1. Roger T. A. Cook
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  2. Uwe Braun
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  3. Paul A. Beales
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Correspondence to Roger T. A. Cook.

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Cook, R.T.A., Braun, U. & Beales, P.A. Development of appressoria on conidial germ tubes of Erysiphe species. Mycoscience 52, 183–197 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-010-0099-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-010-0099-7

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