Abstract
Main conclusion
Fiber-like cells with thickened cell walls of specific structure and polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans develop in the outer stem cortex of several moss species gametophytes.
Abstract
The early land plants evolved several specialized cell types and tissues that did not exist in their aquatic ancestors. Of these, water-conducting elements and reproductive organs have received most of the research attention. The evolution of tissues specialized to fulfill a mechanical function is by far less studied despite their wide distribution in land plants. For vascular plants following a homoiohydric trajectory, the evolutionary emergence of mechanical tissues is mainly discussed starting with the fern-like plants with their hypodermal sterome or sclerified fibers that have xylan and lignin-based cell walls. However, mechanical challenges were also faced by bryophytes, which lack lignified cell-walls. To characterize mechanical tissues in the bryophyte lineage, following a poikilohydric trajectory, we used six wild moss species (Polytrichum juniperinum, Dicranum sp., Rhodobryum roseum, Eurhynchiadelphus sp., Climacium dendroides, and Hylocomium splendens) and analyzed the structure and composition of their cell walls. In all of them, the outer stem cortex of the leafy gametophytic generation had fiber-like cells with a thickened but non-lignified cell wall. Such cells have a spindle-like shape with pointed tips. The additional thick cell wall layer in those fiber-like cells is composed of sublayers with structural evidence for different cellulose microfibril orientation, and with specific polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans. Thus, the basic cellular characters of the cells that provide mechanical support in vascular plant taxa (elongated cell shape, location at the periphery of a primary organ, the thickened cell wall and its peculiar composition and structure) also exist in mosses.
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The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 19-14-00361П (TG, and TC; light microscopy and immunochemistry of gametophyte stems of different moss species). The part of work was performed at financial support from the government assignment for FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS (M.A.; cell wall ultrastructure of stem cortex cells of mosses). We thank Dr. Fabienne Guillon (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France) for providing the INRA-RU2 antibody and Prof. J. Paul Knox (University of Leeds, UK) for providing the LM and JIM series antibodies used for this study. We thank the colleagues of the Volga-Kama Nature Reserve for the opportunity to collect moss plants and Dr. O. Voitsekhovskaja (Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS, Russia) for providing the plants of Physcomitrium patens. We thank the reviewers for their constructive comments.
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TC and OI fixed moss species; OI identified the moss species. MA and TC performed the microscopy, immunohistochemistry and maceration of moss tissues, estimated the size of moss cells. TG, SL-Y and OI contributed to the conceptualization of the experiments and interpretation of data. TG, TC, MA, and SL-Y wrote the manuscript. All co-authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript.
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Chernova, T., Ageeva, M., Ivanov, O. et al. Characterization of the fiber-like cortical cells in moss gametophytes. Planta 259, 92 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04367-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04367-5