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Checklist of the Family Scarabaeidae (Scarab Beetles) from Palestine
خنافس ال ُجعل في فلسطين By: Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa Family Scarabaeidae Subfamily Eucheirinae Propomacrus bimucronatus Pallas, 1781
Propomacrus bimucronatus. By: Peter Simon Pallas, 1781. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propomacrus_bimucronatus.png Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Subfamily Melolonthinae Tribe Melolonthini Anoxia (Anoxia) maculiventris Reitter, 1890 Anoxia (Mesanoxia) cypria Zurcher, 1911 Anoxia (Protanoxia) laevimaculata Petrovitz, 1973 Anoxia (Protanoxia) orientalis Krynicki, 1832 Anoxoides bytinskisalzi Petrovitz, 1971 Cyphonoxia praestabilis Reitter, 1889 Melolontha (Melolontha) albida Frivaldszky, 1835 Polyphylla (Polyphylla) olivieri Laporte, 1840
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Web%20Polyphylla%20olivieri.jpg Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Tribe Rhizotrogini Aplidia caesarina Reitter, 1902 Aplidia chaifensis Kraatz, 1882 Aplidia endroedii Baraud, 1988 Aplidia fissa fissa Burmeister, 1855 Aplidia janczyki Baraud, 1988 Aplidia joannis Baraud, 1988 Aplidia lizleri Keith, 2000 Aplidia nitidula Kraatz, 1882 Aplidia petrovitzi petrovitzi Baraud,1988 Aplidia villosicollis Kraatz, 1882 Gnaphalostetha bonvoisini Reiche & Saulcy, 1856 Holochelus (Holochelus) setiventris Reitter, 1902
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Gnaphalostetha%20bonvoisini.jpg Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Tribe Pachydemini Brenskiella flavomicans Brenske, 1897 Leptochristina pubicavula Reitter, 1902 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) sinaiticus Heyden, 1900 Tanyproctus (Taniproctus) kindermanni Reiche, 1861 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) crinitus Petrovitz, 1971 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) israeliticus Petrovitz, 1971 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) lederi Reiche, 1861 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) minutus Petrovitz, 1973 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) nabataeus Petrovitz, 1973 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) pumilus Petrovitz, 1973 Tanyproctus (Taniproctocera) saulcyi Reiche & Saulcy, 1856
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/web%20tanyproctus%20saulcyi.jpg
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Subfamily Sericinae Maladera (Cephaloserica) insanabilis Brenske, 1894 Maladera (Eusericula) modesta Fairmaire, 1881 Maladera (Macroserica) punctatissima Faldermann, 1835 Maladera (Macroserica) syriaca syriaca Petrovitz, 1969 Omaloplia (Acarina) labrata Burmeister, 1855 Paratriodonta olivieri Blanchard, 1850 Paratriodonta tripolitana Brenske, 1889 (?)
http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Maladera%20syriaca%20syriaca.jpg
Subfamily Rutelinae Tribe Adoretini Adoretus granulifrons Fairmaire, 1882 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Adoretus irakanus Ohaus, 1928
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Adoretus%20irakanus.jpg Tribe Anomalini Anisoplia (Anisoplia) signata akbesiana Baraud, 1991 Anisoplia ferruginipes Petrovitz, 1963 (?) Brancoplia klapperichi Petrovitz, 1971 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Anisoplia pumila Mersuel, 1878 Brancoplia leucaspis leucaspis Laporte, 1840 Brancoplia mesopotamica Pilleri, 1954 Chaetopteroplia obenbergeri Vsetecka 1941 Chaetopteroplia syriaca Burmeister, 1844 Hemichaetoplia gossypiata Fairmaire, 1881 Anomala palaestina Pic, 1905 Asiopertha nazarena Marsuel, 1878 Blitopertha nigripennis Reitter, 1888 Pharaouns varicoloreus Burmeister, 1844 Tribopertha aegyptiaca Blanchard, 1851
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Asiopertha%20nazarena.jpg Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Subfamily Dynastinae Tribe Oryctini Oryctes nasicornis kuntzeni )Minck,1915( Oryctes agamemnon sinaicus (Walker,1871)
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Oryctes%20agamemnon%20sinaicus.jpg
Tribe Pentodontini Heteroninchus licas Klug, 1835 algerinum dispar Pentodon Baudi,1870 Pentodon bidens sulcifrons Kuster, 1848 idiota idiota Pentodon Herbst,1789 Pentodon variolopunctatus deserti Heyden, 1900
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excavatus Phyllognathus Forster,1771 Podalgus cuniculus arabicus Fairmaire, 1895 Temnorhynchus baal Reiche & saulcy, 1856
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Temnorhynchus%20baal.jpg
Subfamily Cetoniinae Tribe Cetonini Subtribe Cetonina
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Protaetia (Netocia) subpilosa dorchini Legrand & Drumond, 2006 Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea ignicollis Gory et Percheron 3311 Protaetia (Cetonichema) speciosa jousselini Gory et Percheron, 1833 Protaetia (Foveopotosia) judith Reiche, 1871 Protaetia (Netocia) vidua (Gory et Percheron,1833) Protaetia funebris funesta (Menetries,1838) Protaetia (Netocia) afflicta Gory et Percheron,1833 Protaetia (Eupotosia) afflnis pyrodera (Reitter,1891) Protaetia (Netocia) trojana syriaca Reitter, 1891 Protaetia (Eupotosia) mirifica koenigi Reitter, 1894 Cetonia delegrangei Boucard,1893 Aethiessa mesopotamica Burmeister,1842 Aethiessa floralis (Fabricius,1787) Stalagmosoma albella (Pallas,1781) Tropinota (Epicomentis) hirta suturalis Reitter, 1913 Tropinota squalida pilosa Brulle,1832 Tropinota vittula (Reiche et Saulcy,1857) Tropinota (Tropinota) ilariae (Dutto, 2007) Oxythyrea abigail Reiche et Saulcy,1857 Oxythyrea noemi Reiche et Saulcy,1856 Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum,1841)
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Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Aethiessa%20mesopotamica.jpg
Subfamily Valginae Valgus hemipterus )Linnaeus,1758(
Subfamily Scarabaeinae Tribe Coprini Catharsius sesostris Waterhouse, 1888 Copris (Copris) hispanus cavolinii Petagna, 1792 Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Copris (Copris) lunaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
http://webzoom.freewebs.com/saturnids/Web%20Copris%20hispanus%20SERIES.jpg
Tribe Gymnopleurini Gymnopleurus flagellatus (Fabricius, 1787) Gymnopleurus geoffroyi geoffroyi (Fuessly, 1775) Gymnopleurus mopsus ssp. mopsus (Pallas, 1781) Gymnopleurus sturmii (MacLeay, 1821)
Tribe Oniticellili Euoniticellus fulvus (Goeze, 1777) Euoniticellus pallens (A. G. Olivier, 1789) Euoniticellus pallipes (Fabricius, 1781) Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Tribe Onitini Bubas bubaloides Janssens, 1938 Cheironitis furcifer (P. Rossi, 1792) Cheironitis pamphilus (Menetries, 1849) Cheironitis irroratus (P. Rossi, 1790) ?? Cheironitis ungaricus (Herbst, 1789) ?? Onitis alexis ssp. septentrionalis Balthasar, 1942 Onitis damoetas Steven, 1806 Onitis ezechias Reiche and Saulcy, 1856 Onitis humerosus (Pallas, 1771) Onitis ion (A. G. Olivier, 1789) ??
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://webzoom.freewebs.com/saturnids/Bubas%20bubaloides.jpg
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Tribe Onthophagini Caccobius (Caccobius) histeroides (Menetries, 1832) Caccobius (Caccobius) mundus (Menetries, 1839) Caccobius (Caccobius) schreberi (Linnaeus, 1767 ) Caccobius (Caccophilus) pulicarius Harold, 1875 Euonthophagus amyntas ssp. alces (Fabricius, 1792) Euonthophagus atramentarius (Menetries, 1832) Euonthophagus conterminus Petrovitz, 1971 Euonthophagus gibbosus (Scriba, 1790) Euonthophagus tissoni (Reitter, 1906) Onthophagus (Eremonthophagus) transcaspicus Konig, 1889 Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) furcatus (Fabricius, 1781) Onthophagus (Micronthophagus) melanocephalus Klug, 1845 Onthophagus (Onthophagus) illyricus (Scopoli, 1763) Onthophagus (Onthophagus) taurus (Schreber, 1759) Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) aerarius Reitter, 1892 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) aleppensis Redtenbacher, 1843 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) andalusicus Waltl, 1835 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) angorensis Petrovitz, 1963 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) bytinskii Balthasar, 1960 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) coenobita (Herbst, 1783) Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) cruciatus Menetries, 1832
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Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) falzonii Goidanich, 1926 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) fissicornis (Steven, 1809) Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) fissinasus Fairmaire, 1895 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) fracticornis (Preyssler, 1790) Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) hermonensis Baraud, 1982 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lucidus (Sturm, 1800) Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) marginalis Gebler, 1817 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) muelleri P. Novak, 1921 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) nebulosus Reiche, 1864 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) opacicollis Reitter, 1892 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) ruficapillus Brulle, 1832 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) sericatus Reitter, 1892 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) similis (Scriba, 1790) ?? Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) speculifer Solsky, 1876 ?? Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) suturellus Brulle, 1832 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) truchmenus ssp. truchmenus Kolenati, 1846 Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) vacca (Linnaeus, 1767) ??
Tribe Scarabaeini Ateuchetus puncticollis (Latreille, 1819) Ateuchetus semipunctatus (Fabricius, 1792) Mnematidium multidentatum (Klug, 1845)
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Scarabaeus (Mesoscarabaeus) cristatus Fabricius, 1775 Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) gangeticus (Castelnau, 1840) Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) irakensis Stolfa, 1938 Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) pius (Illiger, 1803) Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) sacer Linnaeus, 1758 Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) typhon (Fischer de Waldheim, 1823)
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Scarabaeus%20irakensis.jpg Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Tribe Sisyphini Sisyphus schaefferi boschnakii Fischer de Waldheim, 1824
Subfamily Aphodiinae Acanthobodilus immundus (Creutzer, 1799) Acrossus luridus (Fabricius, 1775) Alocoderus hydrochaeris (Fabricius, 1798) Alocoderus turbatus (Baudi, 1870) Amidorus cribrarius (Brulle, 1832) Amidorus obscurus (Fabricius, 1792) Aphodius fimetarius (Linne, 1758) Aphodius foetidus (Herbst, 1783) Biralus equinus (Faldermann, 1835) Biralus menetriesi (Menetries, 1847) Biralus satellitius (Herbst, 1789) Bodiloides ictericus ssp. ghardimaouensis (Balthasar, 1929) Bodilopsis rufa (Moll, 1782) Bodilopsis sordida (Fabricius, 1775) Bodilus lugens (Creutzer, 1799) Bodilus punctipennis (Erichson, 1848) Bodilus sabaeus (Peyerhimhoff, 1907) Calamosternus granarius (Linne, 1767)
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Calamosternus hyxos (Petrovitz, 1962) Calamosternus pseudounicolor (Balthasar, 1960) Calamosternus trucidatus (Harold, 1863) Chilothorax discedens (A. Schmidt, 1907) Chilothorax distinctus (O. F. Muller, 1776) Chilothorax hieroglyphicus (Klug, 1845) Chilothorax hucklesbyi (Paulian, 1942) Chilothorax lineolatus (Illiger, 1803) Chilothorax melanostictus (W. Schmidt, 1840) Colobopterus erraticus (Linne, 1758) Erytus aequalis (A. Schmidt, 1907) Erytus cognatus (Fairmaire, 1860) Erytus lindemannae (Balthasar, 1960) Erytus mesopotamicus (Petrovitz, 1961) Erytus opacior (D. Koshantschikov, 1894) Erytus pruinosus (Reitter, 1892) Esymus filitarsis (Reitter, 1898) Esymus merdarius (Fabricius, 1775) Esymus ornatulus (Harold, 1866) Esymus pusillus (Herbst, 1789) Esymus suturinigra (A. Schmidt, 1916) Eudolus quadriguttatus (Herbst, 1783)
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Euheptaulacus carinatus (Germar, 1824) Euorodalus longevittatus (A. Schmidt, 1916) Labarrus digitatus (Harold, 1871) Labarrus lividus (Olivier, 1789) Labarrus splendidus (Petrovitz, 1955) Liothorax isikdagensis (Balthasar, 1952) Liothorax plagiatus (Linne, 1767) Loraphodius suarius (Faldermann, 1835) Mecynodes angulosus (Harold, 1869) Mecynodes leucopterus (Klug, 1945) Mecynodes trochylus (Reitter, 1892) Megatelus contractus (Klug, 1845) Melinopterus consputus (Creutzer,1799) Melinopterus prodromus (Brahm,1790) Melinopterus pubescens (Sturm,1805) Melinopterus punctatosulcatus ssp. hirtipes (Fischer, 1844) Melinopterus sphacelatus (Panzer, 1798) Melinopterus tingens (Reitter, 1892) Mendidaphodius angustatus (Klug, 1845) - Palestine Mendidaphodius armiger (Harold, 1874) - Palestine, Syria Mendidaphodius lepidulus (Harold, 1866) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon Mendidaphodius linearis (Reiche and Saulcy, 1856) Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Mendidaphodius palaestinensis (Petrovitz, 1963) - Palestine, Jordan Mendidius assectator (Balthasar, 1961) - Palestine, Jordan, Syria Mendidius (?) calliger (Sahlberg, 1908) - Palestine, Lebanon, Syria Mendidius fimbriolatus (Mannerheim, 1849) - Palestine, Jordan, Syria Mendidius palmetincolus (Karsch, 1881) - Palestine, Sinai Mesontoplatys arabicus (Harold, 1875) - Palestine, Sinai Nialosternus sitiphoides (d'Orbigny, 1896) - Palestine, Jordan, Syria Nialus politus (Mulsant and Rey, 1870) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Nialus varians (Duftschmid, 1805) - Palestine, Jordan Nimbus contaminatus (Herbst, 1783) - Palestine Nimbus harpagonis (Reitter, 1890) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Nimbus libanonensis (Petrovitz, 1958) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Nimbus obliteratus (Panzer, 1823) - Palestine Nobius serotinus (Panzer, 1799) - Palestine Oxyomus sylvestris (Scopoli, 1763) - Palestine, Syria Parabodilus wollastoni ssp. iranicus (Balthasar, 1946) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Sinai, Syria Phalacronothus fumigatulus (Reitter, 1892) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Phalacronothus hilaris (Harold, 1869) - Palestine, Jordan, Syria Phalacronothus quadrimaculatus (Linne, 1761) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Plagiogonus esymoides (Reitter, 1893) - Palestine Plagiogonus nanoides (Balthasar, 1961) - Palestine, Jordan, Syria Plagiogonus praeustus (Ballion, 1871) - Palestine, Syria Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Plagiogonus syriacus (Harold, 1863) - Palestine, Syria Planolinellus vittatus (Say, 1825) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Pseudacrossus koshantschikovi (Jakobson, 1911) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria Pseudacrossus suffertus (A. Schmidt, 1916) - Palestine, Syria Pseuderytus chobauti (Clouet, 1896) - Palestine, Jordan Pseudesymus lucidus (Klug, 1845) - Palestine, Sinai Sahlbergianus longissimus (Sahlberg, 1908) Subrinus (?) feculentus (Fairmaire, 1892) - Palestine Subrinus sturmi (Harold, 1870) - Palestine Subrinus vitellinus (Klug, 1845) - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Sinai, Syria Volinus (?) signifer (Mulsant and Rey, 1870) - Palestine, Syria
http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Subrinus%20sturmi.jpg Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Tribe Eupariini Ataenius horticola Harold, 1869 - Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria
Tribe Psammodiini Brindalus porcicollis (Illiger, 1803) - Palestine, Lebanon, Syria Diastictus vulneratus (Sturm, 1805) - Palestine, Lebanon Leiopsammodius laevicollis (Klug, 1845) - Palestine, Jordan, Syria Psammodius asper (Fabricius, 1775) – Palestine Psammodius laevipennis A. Costa, 1844 - Palestine, Lebanon, Syria Psammodius nocturnus Reitter, 1892 - Palestine, Lebanon, Syria
Psammodius asper (Fabricius, 1775). Source: Darren J. Mann. http://www.coleoptera.org.uk/scarabaeoidea/psammodius-asper
Tribe Rhyssemiini Platytomus laevistriatus (Perris, 1869) Platytomus tibialis (Fabricius, 1798) Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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Pleurophorus anatolicus Petrovitz, 1961 Pleurophorus arabicus Pittino and Mariani, 1986 Pleurophorus caesus (Creutzer, 1796) Pleurophorus opacus Reitter, 1893 Rhyssemodes orientalis (Mulsant and Godart, 1875) Rhyssemus beritensis Marseul, 1878 Rhyssemus verrucosus Mulsant, 1842 Trichiorhyssemus setulosus (Reitter, 1892)
Rhyssemodes orientalis (Mulsant and Godart, 1875). http://jcringenbach.free.fr/website/beetles/scarabaeidae/Rhyssemodes_orientalis.htm
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References and Internet Websites: Cambefort, Yves. Beetles as Religious Symbols. http://www.insects.org/ced1/beetles_rel_sym.html Copeland, Dave (Cameraman), NBC News. Insect invasion: Israel battles plague of locusts. NBC News. http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/13/18233295-insect-invasionisrael-battles-plague-of-locusts?lite Department of Entomology. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. http://departments.agri.huji.ac.il/entomology/ Evenor, Zachi. Insects in Israel . Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/zachievenor/sets/72157623220701942/ Freidberg, A. and Y. Ben-Dov (Editors). (2007). Israel Journal of Entomology. Vol. 37, 2007. http://www.magnespress.com/Book/Israel+Journal+of+Entomology.aspx?code=45-412004 Israeli Journal of Entomology - Cover photo. (2008). Vol. 38, 2008. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/apps/photos/photo?photoid=60173104 Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (3930). Tabie’t Al-Talawon fi Al-Haywanat (The Colouration of Animals). Al-Biology Bulletin. Number 1. January 1980, Safar 1401. Biological Society, Kuwait University, State of Kuwait. pp. 4-5. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1992). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Gazelle. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Number 30, Tenth Year, October 1992. pp. 1-7. (In Arabic). Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam (1994). An Introduction to the Animal Life in Palestine. Shqae’q Al-Nouma’n (Anemone coronaria). A Quarterly Magazine Issued by the Program EAI (Education for Awareness and for Involvement). Environmental Education / Children for Nature Protection. In Cooperation with Dept. of General and Higher Education. P.L.O., Palestine. Number 4. Huzairan (June) 1994. pp. 16-21. (In Arabic). Khalaf, Norman Ali Bassam (2001). The Extinct and Endangered Animals in Palestine. In: Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin Home Page. Extinct and Endangered Animals and Reintroduction. http://gazelle.8m.net/photo3.html Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali (2004). Gazelle: Das Palästinensische Biologische Bulletin. Eine Wissenschaftliche Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2004. / Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. A Scientific Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2004. Erste Auflage / First Edition, Juli 2004: 452 Seiten / Pages. Zweite erweiterte Auflage (Second Extended Edition), August 2004: 460 Seiten / Pages. Norman Ali Khalaf, BonnBad Godesberg, Germany. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit Juni 2007). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Palaestina. Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Palaestina/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (Gründer) (seit September 2007). Yahoo! Deutschland Group: Fauna Arabica. http://de.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fauna_Arabica/ Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). Haywanat Filistin (Fauna of Palestine). Wikipedia, Al-Mawsu'a Al-Hurra (The Free Encyclopedia). Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 69, Twentyfifth Year, September 2007 CE, Sha’ban 3423 AH. pp. 3-4. (in Arabic). http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86% D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86 Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2009). Flora and Fauna in Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 91, July 2009, Rajab 1430 AH. pp. 1-31. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://flora-fauna-palestine.webs.com/ Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2009). Fauna Palaestina – Part One. A Zoological Journey in Palestine, Arabia and Europe between 1983 – 2006 / Fauna Palaestina – Teil Eins. Eine Zoologische Reise in Palästina, Arabien und Europa zwischen 1983 – 2006. ISBN 978-9948-03-865-8. Erste Auflage/First Edition, September 2009: 412 Seiten/Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart1.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2010). Fauna Emiratus Part One. Zoological Studies in the United Arab Emirates between 2004 - 2009. / Fauna Emiratus – Teil Eins. Zoologische Studien in die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate zwischen 2004 - 2009. ISBN 978-9948-15-462-4. Erste Auflage/First Edition, November 2010: 350 Seiten / Pages. Self Publisher: Dr. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates & Rilchingen-Hanweiler, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. http://dr-norman-ali-khalaf-books.webs.com/faunaemiratuspart1.htm Khalafvon Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2012). Fauna Palaestina – Part Two. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 1983 – 2009 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Zwei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 1983 – 2009. ISBN 978-9948-16667-2. 1. Auflage / First Edition : July 2012, Shaaban 1433 H. 208 Seiten / Pages (Arabic Part 120 Pages and the English Part 88 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafbooks.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart2.htm Khalaf-von Jaffa, Dr. Norman Ali Bassam (2013). Fauna Palaestina – Part Three. Zoological Studies in Palestine between 2005 – 2012 / Fauna Palaestina - Teil Drei. Zoologische Studien in Palästina zwischen 2005 – 2012. ISBN 978-9950-383-35-7. Erste Auflage / First Edition : July 2013, Shaaban 1434 H. 364 pages (English Part 350 Pages and the Arabic Part 14 Pages). Publisher: Dar Al Jundi Publishing House, Jerusalem, State of Palestine. http://dr-norman-ali-khalafGazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013
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books.webs.com/faunapalaestinapart3.htm Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2013). Checklist of the Family Scarabaeidae (Scarab Beetles) from Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. ISSN 0178 – 6288. Number 105, September 2013, Thu Al Qia’da 1434 AH. pp. 1-26. Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. http://palestine-insects.webs.com/scarab-beetles Pavlíček, Tomas; Vladimir Chikatunov, Vasily Kravchenko, Petr Zahradnik & Eviatar Nevo (1999). New records of deathwatch beetles (Anobiidae) from Israel. Zoology in the Middle East. Volume 17, Issue 1, 1999. pages 77-78. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09397140.1999.10637771#.UhKSdI3CSq Ptashkovskiy, Yu.A. Beetles of Israel -illustrated atlas. http://www.zin.ru/animalia/coleoptera/eng/col_izrb.htm Springer. Abstracts of papers presented at the 16th conference of the Entomological Society of Israel Research on thrips in Israel Dedicated to the Memory of Prof. E. Rivnay on the 100th Anniversary of his Birth. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02981466 The Insect World of Israel. Israel’s Nature Site. http://www.nature-ofoz.com/scarablist.htm Trek Nature. Insects in Israel. http://www.treknature.com/themes.php?thid=177 Ward, Alex and Steve Nolan (6 March 2013). Locust swarm hits Israel as a million insects cross border from Egypt . Mail Online. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2288908/Locust-swarm-hits-Israelmillions-insects-cross-border-Egypt.html Wikipedia. Scarabaeidae. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarabaeidae Wikimedia Commons. Insects of Israel. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Insects_of_Israel
Photo by Oz Rittner. http://www.nature-of-oz.com/Scarabaeus%20sacer.jpg Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 105 – September 2013