Malaxis monophyllos (Pav ex Lindl.) Swartz 1800
Photo by T.H. Pain and The Orchids of France and Europe
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to EARLY
Common Name The Single Leaf Malaxis - The White Adder;s Mouth - In China Yuan Zhao Lan
Flower Size Less than 1/4" [.6 cm]
Found in Norway, Finland, Sweden, France, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, western Russia, central Russia, eastern Russia, western Siberia, eastern Siberia, Mongolia, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Nepal, and the Philippines, in bogs in pine forests, deciduous forests, peat bogs and fens at elevations up to 1900 meters as a miniature to small sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with a subterranean pseudobulb giving rise to a spindly, greenish yellow, hairless, grooved towards the apex stem carrying 1 to 2 basal, oval-elliptic, spreading, curved, plicate, obtuse leaves that blooms in the late spring and early summer on a 2 to 13" [5 to 15.5 cm] long, loosely many flowered, narrowly cylindric and elongated inflorescence with non-resupinate flowers.
Synonyms Achroanthes cilifolia Raf. 1836; Acroanthes monophylla (Pav. ex Lindl.) Greene 1891; Dienia gmelinii Lindl. 1830; Epipactis monophylla (L.) F.W.Schmidt 1795; Malaxis arisanensis (Hayata) S.Y.Hu 1974; Malaxis brachypoda (A.Gray) Fernald 1926; Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A.Gray) P.Morris & Eames 1929; Malaxis monophyllos var. diphyllos (Cham.) Luer 1975; Malaxis taiwaniana S.S.Ying 1975; Malaxis yunnanensis Tang & Wang 1951; Microstylis arisanensis Hayata 1916; Microstylis brachypoda A.Gray 1836; Microstylis diphyllos Lindl. 1830; Microstylis monophyllos (Pav ex Lindl.) Lindley 1830; Microstylis monophyllos subsp. brachypoda (A.Gray) Szlach. & Marg. 2006; *Ophrys monophyllos Linne
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 as Microstylis monophyllos; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as M yunnanensis; The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada Luer 1975 as M monophyllos var diphylla photos fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 50 No 10 1981 photo good; Die Orchideen Band 3 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas Liferung #13 753 - 819 Liparinae 1983 photo fide; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; Schlechteriana Vol 4 No 4 1993 as M brachypoda; AOS Bulletin Vol 63 #4 1994; Orchid Digest Vol 63 #2 1999 as M brachypoda photo fide; Native Orchids of China in Colour Singchi, Zhanhuo and Yibo 1999 photo fide; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005; Native Orchids of Shaanxi - Shaanxi Science & Technology Press 2007 photo; Orchids of Huanglong Perner, Tang Si-Yuan 2007 photos fide; Native Orchids From Gaoligongshan Mountains, China Xiaohua, Xiaodong and Xiaochun 2009 photo fide; A Field Guide to the Orchids of China Singchi, Zhongjian, Yibo, Xiaohua and Zhanhuo 2009 photo ok; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009 ; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing fide; The Wild Orchids in Yunnan Xu Xiang Ye & Liu 2010 photos fide; Orchid Digest Vol 78 #3 2014 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 84 #12 2015 photo fide; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 2 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide;
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A.Gray) P.Morris & Eames 1929
Plant and flowers in situ Michigan
Photo by Carl Luer
LATEto EARLY
Common Name The Short Pedicel Malaxis - White Adder's Mouth
The North American version of this species occuring in Aleutians, Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Br. Colombia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchuan, Ontario, Quebec, Prine Edward Islands, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Labrador, Newfoundland, California, Colorado, Wisconson, Minnesota, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusets, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine in bogs in pine forests, deciduous forests, peat bogs and fens at elevations up to 1900 meters as a small sized, cold growing terrestrial and differs from the type in the resupinate flower which is the greeatest difference between this variety and the type other than its occuring only in North America.
Synonyms Malaxis brachypoda (A.Gray) Fernald 1926; Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A.Gray) P.Morris & Eames 1929; Microstylis brachypoda A.Gray 1836; Microstylis monophyllos subsp. brachypoda (A.Gray) Szlach. & Marg. 2006
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada Luer 1975 drawing/photos fide; Wild Orchids of the Prairies and Great Plains of North America P M Brown 2006; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #2 2017 photo good;
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